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Mandailing Language
Mandailing or Mandailing Batak is an Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia, the northern island of Sumatra. It is spoken mainly in Mandailing Natal Regency, North Padang Lawas Regency, Padang Lawas Regency, and eastern parts of Labuhan Batu Regency, North Labuhan Batu Regency, South Labuhan Batu Regency and northwestern parts of Riau Province. It is written using the Latin script but historically used Batak script The Batak script (natively known as ''surat Batak'', ''surat na sampulu sia'' ("the nineteen letters"), or ''si-sia-sia'') is a writing system used to write the Austronesian Batak languages spoken by several million people on the Indonesian i .... Literature Classical Mandailing literary art is transmitted through a distinctive tradition, for example through the following media: # : Tradition tells the story in a verbal social context. Stories are transmitted from generation to generation. The plot uses advanced themes and a lot of content abou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandailing People
The Mandailing is an ethnic group in Sumatera, Indonesia that is commonly associated with the Batak people. They are found mainly in the northern section of the island of Sumatra in Indonesia. They came under the influence of the Kaum Padri who ruled the Minangkabau of Tanah Datar. As a result, the Mandailing were influenced by Muslim culture and converted to Islam. There are also a group of Mandailing in Malaysia, especially in the states of Selangor and Perak. They are closely related to the Angkola. Etymology The etymology of 'Mandailing' is said to be a compounding of the words ''mande'', meaning 'mother', and ''hilang'', meaning 'lost'. Thus, the name is said to mean "lost mother". The Mandailing society is patriarchal, employing family names, or '' marga''. The well known margas in Mandailing clan are:Lubis, Nasution, Siregar, Ritonga, Hasibuan, Harahap, Dalimunthe (originally from Munthe), Matondang, Rangkuti, Parinduri, Puasa, Pulungan, Rambe, Daulae(y), Pohan, B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Padang Lawas Regency
North Padang Lawas (''Padang Lawas Utara'') is a regency in North Sumatra province of Indonesia. It has an area of 3,918.05 km2, and had a population of 223,049 at the 2010 census and 260,720 at the 2020 census.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. Its administrative seat is the town of Gunung Tua. Demographics Population The population of North Padang Lawas in the 2010 census results was 223,049 people with a density of 57 per square kilometer, which in 2020 increased to 260,720 people with population growth from year to year around 2.18%. Ethnic The population of North Padang Lawas district is quite ethnically diverse. Overall, the majority of the population comes from the Batak Angkola tribe. Various types of Angkola Batak clans, such as: Harahap, Lubis, Siregar, Nasution, Hasibuan, Daulay, Dalimunte, Hutasuhut, Batubara. In addition, Batak Toba, Nias and Javanese are also quite numerous in North Padang Lawas. Religion Followers of religion Islam amounted to 90 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Register (sociolinguistics)
In sociolinguistics, a register is a variety of language used for a particular purpose or in a particular communicative situation. For example, when speaking officially or in a public setting, an English speaker may be more likely to follow prescriptive norms for formal usage than in a casual setting, for example, by pronouncing words ending in ''-ing'' with a velar nasal instead of an alveolar nasal (e.g., ''walking'' rather than ''walkin'''), choosing words that are considered more "formal" (such as ''father'' vs. ''dad'' or ''child'' vs. ''kid''), and refraining from using words considered nonstandard, such as ''ain't'' and ''y'all''. As with other types of language variation, there tends to be a spectrum of registers rather than a discrete set of obviously distinct varieties—numerous registers can be identified, with no clear boundaries between them. Discourse categorisation is a complex problem, and even in the general definition of ''register'' given above (languag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Willem Iskander
Willem Iskander (1840–1876) was an Indonesian writer, nationalist, teacher and educator. He advocated for native Indonesian education in Dutch colonial times from North Sumatra. He founded Teacher Education School (Dutch:''Kweekschool Voor inlandsche onderwijzer'') in 1862in Tano Bato, Mandailing Natal Regency. Early life Willem Iskander (baptismal name in Arnhem, 1858) was born in Pidoli Lombang, the son of Raja Tinating. He was the 11th generation of Nasution clan. His family came from the royal house in Mandailing. He graduated from Elementary School (Dutch: ''Holland Inlandsche School''), Panyabungan, 1853–1855. He worked in this school as teacher when he was 15, the school's youngest teacher. Career He worked in Mandailing-Angkola Asisten resident office as Administrator of the government (Dutch: ''Adjunt Inlandsche schrifer).'' In 1857, he studied in the Netherlands. He studied Vreswjik, then at ''Oefenschool'' for teaching assistant. In 1861, he returned to Indo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Riau Province
Riau is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the central eastern coast of Sumatra along the Strait of Malacca. The province shares land borders with North Sumatra to the northwest, West Sumatra to the west, and Jambi to the south. According to the 2020 census, Riau had a population of 6,394,087 across a land area of 87,023.66 square kilometres;Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. the official estimate as at mid 2021 was 6,493,603. The province comprises ten regencies and two cities, with Pekanbaru serving as the capital and largest city. Historically, Riau has been a part of various monarchies before the arrival of European colonial powers. Muara Takus temple in Kampar Regency, believed to be a remnant of the Buddhist empire of Srivijaya circa 11th-12th century. Following the spread of Islam in the 14th century, the region was then under control of Malay sultanates of Siak Sri Indrapura, Indragiri, and Johor. The sultanates later became protectorate of the Dutch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Labuhan Batu Regency
South Labuhanbatu Regency (''Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Selatan'', alternatively ''Kabupaten Labuhan Batu Selatan'') is a regency of North Sumatra, Indonesia, created in 2007 by being carved out of the existing Labuhanbatu Regency The new South Labuhanbatu Regency covers an area of 3,595.9 square kilometres and according to the 2010 census it had a population of 277,673, which rose to 314,094 at the 2020 Census. Its administrative headquarters are at Kotapinang. Administrative districts The regency is divided administratively into five districts A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or county, counties, several municipality, municipa ... (''kecamatan''), tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 CensusBiro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and the 2020 Census.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. The tab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Labuhan Batu Regency
North Labuhanbatu Regency (''Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Utara'', alternatively ''Kabupaten Labuhan Batu Utara'') is a regency of North Sumatra, Indonesia, created in 2007 by being carved out of the existing Labuhanbatu Regency, which in 2000 covered an area of 9,322.5 square kilometres and had a population of 840,382 according to the 2000 census. 60.99% of the regency is forested. The new North Labuhanbatu Regency covers 3,545.8 square kilometres and had a population of 331,660 at the 2010 Census, rising to 381,994 at the 2020 Census. The Kualuh River is located in this regency Administrative districts The regency is divided administratively into eight districts A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or county, counties, several municipality, municipa ... (''kecamatan''), tabulated below with their areas and their populations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Labuhan Batu Regency
Labuhanbatu Regency (''Kabupaten Labuhanbatu'', alternatively ''Kabupaten Labuhan Batu'') is a regency of North Sumatra, Indonesia. Its seat is Rantau Prapat. It had an area of 9,322.5 km2 in 2000 (prior to the separation of the new North Labuhanbatu and South Labuhanbatu Regencies in 2007). Subsequently, the reduced regency has an area of 2,561.38 km2 and had a census population in 2010 of 415,248, which rose to 493,899 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2021 was 499,982. The Panai Estuary, which consists of Bilah River and Barumun River are located in this regency, and it was the seat of ancient Buddhist trading kingdom of Pannai, c. 11th to 14th century, connected to the Bahal temple in North Padang Lawas Regency. Administrative Districts Following the separation off of thirteen districts A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Padang Lawas Regency
Padang Lawas is a regency in North Sumatra province of Indonesia. It covers an area of 3,912.18 km2, and had a population of 226,807 at the 2010 Census and 261,011 at the 2020 Census. Its administrative seat is the town of Sibuhuan. Padang Lawas Regency formerly included the area and population of present-day North Padang Lawas Regency, which has subsequently been separated. Administrative districts At the 2010 Census, the regency was divided into nine districts (''kecamatan''). Subsequently, three additional districts were created by the division of existing districts (Barumun Selatan created from part of Barumun District; Aek Nabara Barumun and Sihapas Barumun from parts of Barumun Tengah). In 2019 a further five districts were created, although the populations of these areas at the 2010 Census are still included in the districts from which they were cut. The districts are tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 CensusBiro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 201 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandailing Natal Regency
Mandailing Natal, abbreviated as Madina, is a regency in North Sumatra Province of Indonesia. It covers an area of 6,620.70 square kilometres and it had a population of 403,894 people at the 2010 census and 472,886 at the 2020 Census. The capital lies at Panyabungan. The Regency was a former part of South Tapanuli Regency Administration At the 2010 Census, the regency was divided into eighteen districts (''kecamatan''). Subsequently, five additional districts (indicated by asterisks in the table below) have been created by the division of existing districts. The twenty-three districts are tabulated below with their areas and their population at the 2010 Census Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and the 2020 CensusBadan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages (''desa'' and ''kelurahan'') in each district and its post code. National Park see Batang Gadis National P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malayo-Polynesian Languages
The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages, with approximately 385.5 million speakers. The Malayo-Polynesian languages are spoken by the Austronesian peoples outside of Taiwan, in the island nations of Southeast Asia (Indonesian and Philippine Archipelago) and the Pacific Ocean, with a smaller number in continental Asia in the areas near the Malay Peninsula. Cambodia, Vietnam and the Chinese island Hainan serve as the northwest geographic outlier. Malagasy, spoken in the island of Madagascar off the eastern coast of Africa in the Indian Ocean, is the furthest western outlier. The languages spoken south-westward from central Micronesia until Easter Island are sometimes referred to as the Polynesian languages. Many languages of the Malayo-Polynesian family show the strong influence of Sanskrit and Arabic, as the western part of the region has been a stronghold of Hinduism, Buddhism, and, later, Islam. Two morphological characteristics of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sumatra
Sumatra is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indonesia. It is the largest island that is fully within Indonesian territory, as well as the sixth-largest island in the world at 473,481 km2 (182,812 mi.2), not including adjacent islands such as the Simeulue, Nias, Mentawai, Enggano, Riau Islands, Bangka Belitung and Krakatoa archipelago. Sumatra is an elongated landmass spanning a diagonal northwest–southeast axis. The Indian Ocean borders the northwest, west, and southwest coasts of Sumatra, with the island chain of Simeulue, Nias, Mentawai, and Enggano off the western coast. In the northeast, the narrow Strait of Malacca separates the island from the Malay Peninsula, which is an extension of the Eurasian continent. In the southeast, the narrow Sunda Strait, containing the Krakatoa Archipelago, separates Sumatra from Java. The northern tip of Sumatra is near the Andaman Islands, while off the southeastern coast lie the islands of Bangka and Belitun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
