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Manai Sophiaan
Manai Sophiaan (5 September 1915 – 30 August 2003) was an Indonesian politician, journalist, and diplomat. Originating from South Sulawesi, Manai briefly became a journalist and teacher before joining the Indonesian National Party (PNI). His tenure in parliament saw one of his motions trigger the 17 October affair in 1952. Outside of his political career, he also briefly served as chief editor of the PNI newspaper ''Suluh Indonesia'', and later became Indonesia's ambassador to the Soviet Union until the fall of Sukarno. Early life and education Sophiaan was born in Takalar, near Makassar, on 5 September 1915, with his father working as a police officer. He completed his elementary to high school education around Makassar, graduating from a Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs in 1934. In his later memoir, Sophiaan wrote about an incident in his teens when he was treated as less than a Dutch man's dog, which according to him inspired his later opposition to Dutch rule. In 1936, he mov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adam Malik
Adam Malik Batubara (22 July 1917 – 5 September 1984), or more commonly referred to simply as Adam Malik, was an Indonesian politician, diplomat, and journalist, who served as the 3rd Vice President of Indonesia from 1978 until 1983, under President Suharto. Previously, he served in a number of diplomatic and governmental positions, including Speaker of the People's Consultative Assembly from 1977 to 1978, Speaker of the People's Representative Council from 1977 to 1978, Foreign Minister of Indonesia from 1966 until 1977, and president of the United Nations General Assembly from 1971 until 1972. Born in Pematangsiantar, North Sumatra, on 22 July 1917. He grew up relatively comfortably, and was educated at the Hollandsch-Inlandsche School (HIS). He pioneered the establishment of the Antara news agency in 1937, and was an active supporter of Indonesian independence, being put in prison for disobeying the Colonial Government's ban on political assemblies. Towards independ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesian Journalists Association
The Indonesian Journalists Association ( id, Persatuan Wartawan Indonesia), here inafter known as PWI, is the first professional journalist organization in Indonesia. PWI was established on 9 February 1946 in Surakarta to coincide with National Press Day. PWI consists of journalists spread all over Indonesia. Currently PWI is led by Margiono as chairman who has served from 2013 to 2018. History The establishment of the PWI organization became the beginning of Indonesia's struggle against colonialism in Indonesia through media and writing. After the establishment of PWI, similar organizations were also established. The organization was the Newspaper Publishers Union (SPS; id, Serikat Penerbit Suratkabar) on 8 June 1946. The SPS changed its name to the Press Company Union (SPP; id, Serikat Perusahaan Pers) in 2011, coinciding with the 65th SPS anniversary. The interest in establishing SPS at that time departed from the idea that the ranks of national press publishers needed to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petition Of Fifty
The Petition of Fifty ( id, Petisi 50) was a document protesting then President Suharto's use of state philosophy Pancasila against political opponents. Issued on 5 May 1980 as an "Expression of Concern", it was signed by fifty prominent Indonesians including former Army Chief of Staff Nasution, former Jakarta governor Ali Sadikin and former prime ministers Burhanuddin Harahap and Mohammad Natsir. The critics suggested that: Suharto regarded himself as the embodiment of Pancasila; that Suharto regarded any criticism of himself as criticism of the philosophy of the Indonesian state;Ricklefs (1991), p. 306. Suharto used Pancasila "as a means to threaten political enemies"; Suharto approved dishonourable actions by the military; soldiers' oaths were put above the constitution; and that soldiers were urged "to choose friends and enemies based solely on Suharto's assessment". Background Intending to avert ideological threats from the left (i.e., Communism) and the right (i.e. politic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a Federation, federal union of Republics of the Soviet Union, fifteen national republics; in practice, both Government of the Soviet Union, its government and Economy of the Soviet Union, its economy were highly Soviet-type economic planning, centralized until its final years. It was a one-party state governed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, with the city of Moscow serving as its capital as well as that of its largest and most populous republic: the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR. Other major cities included Saint Petersburg, Leningrad (Russian SFSR), Kyiv, Kiev (Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Ukrainian SSR), Minsk (Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Byelorussian SSR), Tas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1955 Indonesian Legislative Election
Legislative elections were held in Indonesia on 29 September 1955, to elect the 257 members of the People's Representative Council, the country's national legislature. The elections were the first national election held since the end of the Indonesian National Revolution, and saw over 37 million valid votes cast in over 93 thousand polling locations. The result of the election was inconclusive, as no party was given a clear mandate. The legislature which was elected through the election would eventually be dissolved by President Sukarno in 1959, through Presidential Decree number 150. Background The first elections were originally planned for January 1946, but because the Indonesian National Revolution was still underway, this was not possible. After the war, every cabinet had elections in its program. In February 1951 the Natsir cabinet introduced an election bill, but the cabinet fell before it could be debated. The next cabinet, led by Sukiman did hold some regional ele ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sayuti Melik
Mohamad Ibnu Sayuti, known as Sayuti Melik (November 22, 1908 – February 27, 1989) was an Indonesian typist. He helped type a copy of the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, which Sukarno proclaimed to Indonesia on August 17, 1945. He was the husband of Soerastri Karma Trimurti, a journalist and activist in the women's rights and Indonesian independence movements. Early life Melik was born in 1908 in Sleman, Yogyakarta. He went to Ongko Loro School in the village of Srowolan, and after that continued his education in Yogyakarta. His father had brought him up as a nationalist, a movement his father joined after the dutch government used his fields to grow tobacco on. However, he only first heard about the movement from his Dutch history teacher, HA Zurink, while studying in Solo in 1920. In his teenage years, he was interested in reading the Islam magazine titled "Movements of Islam". The newspaper was led by the left-leaning scholar KH Misbach, based in Kauman, Solo. M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agitprop
Agitprop (; from rus, агитпроп, r=agitpróp, portmanteau of ''agitatsiya'', "agitation" and ''propaganda'', "propaganda") refers to an intentional, vigorous promulgation of ideas. The term originated in Soviet Russia where it referred to popular media, such as literature, plays, pamphlets, films, and other art forms, with an explicitly political message in favor of communism. The term originated in Soviet Russia as a shortened name for the Department for Agitation and Propaganda (, '), which was part of the central and regional committees of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Within the party apparatus, both agitation (work among people who were not Communists) and propaganda (political work among party members) were the responsibility of the ''agitpropotdel'', or APPO. Its head was a member of the MK secretariat, although they ranked second to the head of the ''orgraspredotdel''. Typically Russian agitprop explained the ideology and policies of the Communist Par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hamengkubuwono IX
Hamengkubuwono IX or HB IX (12 April 1912 – 2 October 1988) was an Indonesian statesman and royal who was the second vice president of Indonesia, the ninth sultan of Yogyakarta, and the first governor of the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Hamengkubuwono IX was also the Chairman of the first National Scout Movement Quarter and was known as the Father of the Indonesian Scouts. Early life and education Early life Born as Gusti Raden Mas Dorodjatun, in Sompilan, Ngasem, Yogyakarta, Hamengkubuwono IX was the ninth son of Prince Gusti Pangeran Puruboyo —later titled Hamengkubuwana VIII— with his consort, Raden Ajeng Kustilah. When he was three years old he was named Crown Prince to the Yogyakarta Sultanate after his father ascended to the throne. When he was four, he was sent away to live with the Mulder family, a Dutch family which lived in the Gondokusuman area. While living with the Mulder family, Hamengkubuwono IX was called by the name Henkie which was taken from the na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wilopo Cabinet
The Wilopo Cabinet was an Indonesian cabinet that served from 1 April 1952 until 3 June 1953. Composition Cabinet Leadership *Prime Minister: Wilopo (Indonesian National Party – PNI) *Deputy Prime Minister: Prawoto Mangkusasmito (Masyumi Party) Cabinet Members *Minister of Foreign Affairs ''ad interim'': Wilopo (Indonesian National Party - PNI) *Minister of Home Affairs: Mohammad Roem (Masyumi Party) *Minister of Defense: Sultan Hamengkubuwana IX *Minister of Justice: Lukman Wiriadinata (Socialist Party of Indonesia - PSI) *Minister of Information: Arnold Mononutu (Indonesian National Party – PNI) *Minister of Finance: Sumitro Djojohadikusumo (Socialist Party of Indonesia - PSI) *Minister of Agriculture: Mohammad Sardjan (Masyumi Party) *Minister of Economic Affairs: Soemanang Soerjowinoto (Indonesian National Party – PNI) *Minister of Transport: Djuanda *Minister of Public Works and Power: Suwarto (PKRI) *Minister of Labor: Iskandar Tedjasukmana ( Labour Party) *Mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Equinox Publishing (Jakarta)
Equinox Publishing is a Jakarta-based publisher of books. History Equinox was launched on the vernal equinox, 21 March 2000 at the Shangri-La Hotel in Jakarta. Its aim was to publish "fiction, non-fiction, and luxury illustrated and specially-commissioned works". Its first book was a coffee-table book, ''KRETEK: The Culture and Heritage of Indonesia's Clove Cigarettes'' by Mark Hanusz. The firm has also published three works by Indonesia's renowned fiction writer, Pramoedya Ananta Toer. On 21 March 2007, Equinox Publishing released a series of out-of-print books using print on demand Print on demand (POD) is a printing technology and business process in which book copies (or other documents, packaging or materials) are not printed until the company receives an order, allowing prints of single or small quantities. While oth ... technology. Two of these titles were related to the rise of the Communist movement in Indonesia, and were blocked by Indonesia's Department of Custom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad Natsir
Mohammad Natsir (17 July 19086 February 1993) was an Islamic scholar and politician. He was Indonesia's fifth prime minister. After moving to Bandung from his hometown Solok, West Sumatra for senior high school, Natsir studied Islamic doctrine extensively. His first articles were published in 1929, and during the 1930s he wrote for several Islamic-themed papers. He entered politics in the mid-1930s, rising through the ranks of Islamic parties. On 5 September 1950, he was chosen as prime minister, a term which he served until 26 April 1951. After his term as prime minister, he became increasingly vocal about Islam's role in Indonesia and was eventually arrested for doing so. Released in 1966 after the New Order government took power, Natsir continued to be critical of the government, eventually leading to him being banned from traveling. He died in his home in Jakarta, on 6 February 1993. Natsir wrote extensively on Islam, totaling 45 books and hundreds of articles. He viewed Isl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Provisional People's Representative Council
The Provisional People's Representative Council ( id, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Sementara) was the first Indonesian legislature under the Provisional Constitution of 1950. The council was formed after the transition of Indonesia to a unitary state on 17 August 1950. The council initially consisted of 236 members, with 213 members remaining prior to the dissolution of the council in 1956. History On 14 August 1950, three days prior to the dissolution of the United States of Indonesia, the People's Representative Council and the Senate of the United States of Indonesia approved the draft of the Provisional Constitution of 1950. Accordingly, on 15 August 1950, the council and the senate held a joint meeting, in which Sukarno read the Charter of the Establishment of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. The charter officially abolished the United States of Indonesia, and formed the Republic of Indonesia effective from 17 August 1950. Thus, the charter officially dissolved ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
