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Mamelon Of Sikasso
The mamelon of Sikasso is a mamelon high, and in circumference, located in the heart of Sikasso, Mali. It was built in the 1880s by the king of Kénédougou, Tiéba Traoré, for the kings to have their seat there. At its summit, there is a replica of a fortified multistory structure which served as a place of work and as a traditional court, which was destroyed when Sikasso was conquered by the French colonizers. History The site had traditionally been considered very important to local people. It was believed to be home to spirits, and has long been used as a gathering place, where court was held, guests were received and leaders observed the surrounding territory from the height. Scholars have noted how the hill was used as a symbol of power by the Traoré dynasty, French colonists and more recently the Malian government. On May 1, 1898, it was on the summit of the Mamelon that the French flag was flown for the first time in Sikasso. It is located between the Town Hall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mamelon (fort)
A mamelon () is a French name for a breast shaped hillock. At the Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855) during the Crimean War the French called a strategic hillock (location: ) the Mamelon. The British adopted the French name for the hill, but also called it ''Gordon's Hill''. In October 1854 the French attempted to capture the summit of the hillock with a ''coup de main'' but were repulsed with casualties of about 600 officers and men. During the winter of 1854/55 the Russians built the Kamtschatka Redoubt on the summit of the Mamelon as part of a comprehensive defensive ring of double and in some parts triple lines of continuous defensive works around Sevastopol. During the campaign season of 1855, after two more failed attempts, and following a heavy bombardment and the capture of the outlying defences, the Kamtschatka Redoubt was stormed and captured by the French in early June. During the final assault, the British took some of the outlying works and suffered casualties of 30 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sikasso
Sikasso ( Bambara: ߛߌߞߊߛߏ tr. Sikaso) is a city in the south of Mali and the capital of the Sikasso Cercle and the Sikasso Region. It is Mali's second largest city with 225,753 residents in the 2009 census. History Sikasso was a small village until 1870, when Tieba Traoré, whose mother came from Sikasso, became ''Faama'' of the Kénédougou Kingdom and moved the capital there. He established his palace on the sacred Mamelon hill (now home to a water tower) and constructed a massive tata to defend against the attacks of both the Malinke conqueror Samori Ture and the French colonial army. This made Sikasso the largest fortified city ever built in west Africa. Sikasso withstood a 15-month siege by Ture from 1887 to 1888 before the French, allies of Kenedougou against Ture, relieved the city. Despite this, the French contrived a diplomatic crisis to attack in 1898. They began a major artillery barrage against the tata on April 15th 1898, and the city fell on May ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kénédougou Kingdom
The Kénédougou Kingdom, ( Cebaara Senufo: ''Fǎngi Kenedugu''), (c. 1650–1898) was a pre-colonial West African state established in the southeastern portion of present-day Mali, as well as parts of northern Côte d'Ivoire and western Burkina Faso. Early History Kénédougou, meaning 'country of the plain', was first established in the 17th century by the Dioula Traore clan. The new kingdom, mostly inhabited by the Senufo people, was conveniently located to dominate the exchange of desert and forest goods. However, the Senoufo traditionalist practices put them at odds with the Muslims to their north. Kenedougou adopted some Mandé practices such as the royal title of faama. Legendary Origins of the Traoré dynasty According to legend, the Traoré family originated in Gbotola near Kankan in what is now Guinea. A local seer predicted that, were they to sacrifice their aunt and go east, they would establish a powerful dynasty. They refused to kill their relative for ambition, e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tieba Traoré
Tieba Traoré was the fourth king of the Kénédougou Kingdom, reigning from 1877 until his death in 1893. Mansa Douala had five sons, of whom Tieba was the youngest. As a prince he was captured after the battle of Bleni against the Bobo people, Bobo and Dyula people, Dyula, who held him for ransom. When Douala died, Tieba managed to have himself proclaimed king over his elder brothers after a pair of military victories near Djitamana and Tiere.Binger, Louis-Gustave. ''Du Niger au golfe de Guinée'', Hachette, 1892 Traoré founded a new royal capital of Sikasso, building a palace on the city's Mamelon of Sikasso, Mamelon hill. He also constructed the celebrated Tata of Sikasso. Kenedougou's conflict with the expanding Wassoulou Empire of Samori Ture began in 1884 when Tieba sent his brother Siaka to reinforce the frontier between the two kingdoms at the Bagoe River. The region soon became a depopulated battleground. He generally maintained an alliance with the French against Sam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Bank Of West African States
The Central Bank of West African States (, BCEAO) is a central bank serving the eight west African countries which share the common West African CFA franc currency and comprise the West African Economic and Monetary Union. The BCEAO is active in developing financial inclusion policy and is a member of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion. History In 1955, the French government transferred the note-issuance privilege for its West African colonies, hitherto held by the Banque de l'Afrique Occidentale, to a newly created entity based in Paris, the Institut d'Émission de l'Afrique Occidentale Française et du Togo. In 1959, the latter's name was changed to BCEAO. The treaty establishing the West African Monetary Union (, UMOA) was signed on and gave BCEAO the exclusive right to issue currency as the common central bank for the, then, seven member countries: Côte d'Ivoire, Dahomey (later renamed Benin), Haute-Volta (later renamed Burkina Faso), Mali, Mauritania, Niger, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Bank
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and Grant (money), grants to the governments of Least developed countries, low- and Developing country, middle-income countries for the purposes of economic development. The World Bank is the collective name for the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and International Development Association (IDA), two of five international organizations owned by the World Bank Group. It was established along with the International Monetary Fund at the 1944 Bretton Woods Conference. After a slow start, its first loan was to France in 1947. In its early years, it primarily focused on rebuilding Europe. Over time, it focused on providing loans to developing world countries. In the 1970s, the World Bank re-conceptualized its mission of facilitating development as being oriented around poverty reduction. For the last 30 years, it has included NGOs and environmental groups in its loan portfolio. Its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tata Of Sikasso
The tata of Sikasso, known locally as ''tarakoko'', was Tata (fortification), a series of ramparts initially constructed in Sikasso under the reign of Tieba Traoré, Tiéba Traoré (king of Kénédougou Kingdom, Kénédougou), from 1877 to 1897, to resist the raids of Samori Ture, Samory Touré. It was later enlarged by his brother and successor Babemba Traoré. Description At its apogee, the tata consisted of : * An exterior fortress of , thick at the base and at the top, with its height varying between ; * a middle fortress with smaller and thinner walls, intended to separate the neighborhoods for merchants, soldiers and nobles; * an innermost enclosure encircling the Dionfoutou, the part of the city inhabited by the king and his family. The walls, which were made of dry (unmortared) stone, gravel, and mud-brick, encircled an area of 41ha. The remains of the fortress are today visible in the layout of the city of Sikasso in different neighborhoods including: Mancourani, Mé ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Historic Sites In Mali
History is the systematic study of the past, focusing primarily on the human past. As an academic discipline, it analyses and interprets evidence to construct narratives about what happened and explain why it happened. Some theorists categorize history as a social science, while others see it as part of the humanities or consider it a hybrid discipline. Similar debates surround the purpose of history—for example, whether its main aim is theoretical, to uncover the truth, or practical, to learn lessons from the past. In a more general sense, the term ''history'' refers not to an academic field but to the past itself, times in the past, or to individual texts about the past. Historical research relies on primary and secondary sources to reconstruct past events and validate interpretations. Source criticism is used to evaluate these sources, assessing their authenticity, content, and reliability. Historians strive to integrate the perspectives of several sources to develop a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
