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Maliar
The Maliar is a Punjabis, Punjabi community found in the Pothohar Plateau of Punjab (Pakistan), Punjab, Pakistan as well as the Peshawar valley and some other parts of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, North West Frontier Province (now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa). Unlike other Punjabi tribes, Maliar refers to the occupation of the holder rather than his origin. Their origin is unknown, however it is believed that Maliars are descended from ancestors of different tribes which took to market-gardening as a profession. The Maliar associate themselves with the Arain, another agricultural tribe in Punjab. This is because in Western Punjab, the term Arain is used for any individual of an agricultural occupation and not solely the Arain tribe. History The term Maliar comes from the Sanskrit ''Malakara'' makers of garland or from the Farsi language, Persian and Arabic word ''Mal'' which means wealth or land e.g. Malir Kotla in India or Malir an area in Karachi the equivalent of Bagh in Urdu or garden in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Punjabi Language
Punjabi, sometimes spelled Panjabi, is an Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan language native to the Punjab region of Pakistan and India. It is one of the most widely spoken native languages in the world, with approximately 150 million native speakers. Punjabi is the most widely-spoken first language in Pakistan, with 88.9 million native speakers according to the 2023 Pakistani census, and the 11th most widely-spoken in India, with 31.1 million native speakers, according to the 2011 Census of India, 2011 census. It is spoken among a Punjabi diaspora, significant overseas diaspora, particularly in Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, and the Arab states of the Persian Gulf, Gulf states. In Pakistan, Punjabi is written using the Shahmukhi alphabet, based on the Persian alphabet, Perso-Arabic script; in India, it is written using the Gurmukhi, Gurmukhi alphabet, based on the Brahmic scripts, Indic scripts. Punjabi is unusual among the Indo-Aryan languages and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahmud Of Ghazna
Abu al-Qasim Mahmud ibn Sabuktigin (; 2 November 971 – 30 April 1030), usually known as Mahmud of Ghazni or Mahmud Ghaznavi (), was Sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire, ruling from 998 to 1030. During his reign and in medieval sources, he is usually known by his honorific title Yamin al-Dawla (, ). At the time of his death, his kingdom had been transformed into an extensive military empire, which extended from northwestern Iran proper to the Punjab in the Indian subcontinent, Khwarazm in Transoxiana, and Makran. Highly Persianized, Mahmud continued the bureaucratic, political, and cultural customs of his predecessors, the Samanids. He established the ground for a future Persianate state in Punjab, particularly centered on Lahore, a city he conquered. His capital of Ghazni evolved into a significant cultural, commercial, and intellectual centre in the Islamic world, almost rivalling the important city of Baghdad. The capital appealed to many prominent figures, such as al-Biruni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sargodha District
Sargodha District (Punjabi language, Punjabi and ), is a district of Punjab, Pakistan, Punjab, Pakistan. The capital of the district is Sargodha. It is an agricultural district with wheat, rice, sugarcane and kinnow being its main crops. The Sargodha district and region is also famous for citrus fruit including Kinnow, orange and lemon. The district has an area of 5,864 km2. Sargodha District is among the world's best citrus-producing regions. Sargodha District is well known for its kinnow, a citrus variety. Etymology It is believed that there was an old pond in the middle of the town where an old Hindu monk or sadhu (godha) used to live. The Sanskrit word for pond is "ser". Since the town had a modest population, people would refer the place as 'ser godha', the place where that famous Sadhu resided next to the pond. The Shahpur District, Shahpur district was renamed when its headquarters were shifted to Sargodha in 1960. Administration and tehsils Sargodha city is the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Attock District
Attock District ( Punjabi/Urdu), known as Campbellpur District during British Raj, is a district, located on the Pothohar Plateau, in north western Punjab, Pakistan; created in April 1904. According to 2023 Pakistani census population of Attock District is 2,133,005 (2.1 million), making it the 23rd most populous district of the province behind Rajanpur district and overall the 37th most populous district in Pakistan. Etymology The district was formed as ''Campbellpur District'' after Commander-in-Chief of British forces Sir Colin Campbell . Later, in 1978, district name was changed to Attock after the major and historical city of Attock to reflect the older, historical name of the region. The word "Attock" in itself is derived from the word "Atak" in local languages which means blockade, barrier or obstruction. One interpretation of the name attributes it to Mughal Emperor Akbar who encountered difficulties crossing the river therefore the city was named Attock by hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rawalpindi District
Rawalpindi District (Punjabi language, Punjabi and ) is a Districts of Pakistan, district located in the northernmost part of the Punjab (Pakistan), Punjab province of Pakistan. Parts of the district form part of the Islamabad Rawalpindi metropolitan area. Rawalpindi city is the district capital. The district has an area of . Originally, its area was until the 1960s when Islamabad Capital Territory was carved out of the district, giving away an area of . It is situated on the southern slopes of the north-western extremities of the Himalayas, including large mountain tracts with rich valleys traversed by mountain rivers. The chief rivers are the Indus and the Jhelum, and it is noted for its milder climate and abundant rainfall due to its proximity to the foothills.Rawalpindi - Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition History Ancient history In ancient times the whole or the greater part of the area between the Indus and the Jhelum seems to have belonged to a Naga people, Naga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jhelum District
Jhelum District () is a district, located partially on the Pothohar Plateau and in Indus Plain, in Punjab, Pakistan. Jhelum is one of the oldest districts of Punjab. It was established on 23 March 1849. Jhelum is known for providing many soldiers to the British and later to the Pakistan armed forces due to which it is also known as 'city of soldiers' or 'land of martyrs and warriors'. Salt is quarried at the Mayo mine in the Salt Range. There are two coal mines in the district from which the North-Western railway obtains parts of its supply. These are the only coal mines in Punjab province which are in working condition. The chief center of the salt trade is Pind Dadan Khan. The district is crossed by the main line of the North-Western railway and also traversed along the south by a branch line. It is located in the north of the Punjab province, Jhelum district is bordered by Sargodha and Mandi Bahauddin to its south, Khushab to its southwest, Jhelum River to its south and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Census Of India
The decennial census of India has been conducted 15 times, as of 2011. While it has been undertaken every 10 years, beginning in 1872 under Viceroy Lord Mayo, the first complete census was taken in 1872. Post 1949, it has been conducted by the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India under the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India The Government of India (ISO 15919, ISO: Bhārata Sarakāra, legally the Union Government or Union of India or the Central Government) is the national authority of the Republic of India, located in South Asia, consisting of States and union t .... All the censuses since 1951 were conducted under the 1948 Census of India Act, which predates the Constitution of India. The 1948 Census of India Act does not bind the Union Government to conduct the census on a particular date or to release its data in a notified period. The last census was held in 2011, whilst the next was to be held in 2021 before it was postponed due to the COVID ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potohar
The Pothohar Plateau (, : ''Pо̄ṭhoā̀r Paṭhār''; , ''Satāh Murtafā Pо̄ṭhohār''), also spelled Pothwar, is a plateau in the Sind Sagar Doab of northern Punjab, Pakistan, located between the Indus and Jhelum rivers. Etymology A late medieval Persian manuscript, ''Kaigoharnameh'', written by ''Raezadeh Diwan Duni Chand'' in A.D. 1725 to the order of Gakhar chiefs presents a detailed history of Gakhars in northern Punjab. The term in the manuscript has been written variously as ''Pathwar'', ''Pot har'' and ''Pothohar''. According to Ahmad Hasan Dani, the term is derived from ''Prshtawar'' in Sanskrit, ''Prshta'' meaning "back" of the Indus River and ''War'' meaning "area". Geography Pothohar Plateau is bounded on the east by the Jhelum River, on the west by the Indus River, on the north by the Kala Chitta Range and the Margalla Hills, and on the south by the Salt Range. The southern end of the plateau is bounded by the Thal desert. The 5000 square miles of the plat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pashtun People
Pashtuns (, , ; ;), also known as Pakhtuns, or Pathans, are an Iranic ethnic group primarily residing in southern and eastern Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan. They were historically also referred to as Afghans until 1964 after the term's meaning had become a demonym for all citizens of Afghanistan regardless of their ethnic group. The Pashtuns speak the Pashto language, which belongs to the Eastern Iranian branch of the Iranian language family. Additionally, Dari serves as the second language of Pashtuns in Afghanistan, while those in Pakistan speak Urdu and English. In India, the majority of those of Pashtun descent have lost the ability to speak Pashto and instead speak Hindi and other regional languages. There are an estimated 350–400 Pashtun tribes and clans with a variety of origin theories. In 2021, Shahid Javed Burki estimated the total Pashtun population to be situated between 60 and 70 million, with 15 million in Afghanistan. Others who accept the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asian Educational Services
Asian Educational Services (AES) is a New Delhi, India-based publishing house that specialises in antiquarian reprints of books that were originally published between the 17th and early 20th centuries. Founded by Jagdish Lal Jetley in 1973, the firm had published more than 1200 books by 2016. Publishing programme This firm has a very active publication programme that aims to preserve knowledge, in the form of old books, from being lost. An extensive list of about 200 travelogues gives a vivid picture of India specifically, and Asia generally. Many of the big names in Asian exploration and in the field of history have been reprinted. Travelogues of people who, in the Middle Ages, frequented India have been also given a new lease on life by being reprinted by AES.Asian Educational ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward Maclagan
Sir Edward Douglas Maclagan (25 August 1864 – 22 October 1952) was an administrator in British India. He was born in the Punjab, the son of General Maclagan of the Royal Engineers and educated at Winchester College and New College, Oxford. In 1883 he passed the Indian Civil Service Examination. MacLagan wrote widely on Indian history and superintended the Punjab census of 1891. With Horace Arthur Rose, Superintendent of Ethnography in the Punjab in the early 20th century, he compiled a large work, '' A Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province'', including material from Denzil Ibbetson's 1881 census. In 1906 he was appointed Chief Secretary to the Government of the Punjab; in 1910 he was appointed Secretary to the Revenue Department of the Indian Government and from 1915 to 1918 served as Secretary to the Education Department. He became Lieutenant-Governor of the Punjab in 1919 and Governor from 1921 to 1924. He was Chancellor of Un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
