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Malian Lakes Region
The Middle Niger is a region of Mali that includes Dia Shoma, Djenné-Djenno, Méma, Macina, and the Malian Lakes Region. Dia The settlement complex at Dia consists of an agglomeration of three separate large archaeological sites: Dia-Shoma, Dia, and Dia-Mara. With an area of 49ha, Dia-Shoma is the largest and oldest, dating back to the 9th century BCE. Djenné-Djenno The civilization of Djenné-Djenno was located in the Niger River valley in Mali and is considered to be among the oldest urbanized centres and the best-known archaeological sites in Sub-Saharan Africa. The site is located about away from the modern town of Djenné and is believed to have been involved in long-distance trade and possibly the domestication of African rice. The site is believed to exceed . The city is believed to have been abandoned and moved to its current location due to the spread of Islam and the building of the Great Mosque of Djenné. Towns similar to Djenné-Jeno also developed at th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mali
Mali, officially the Republic of Mali, is a landlocked country in West Africa. It is the List of African countries by area, eighth-largest country in Africa, with an area of over . The country is bordered to the north by Algeria, to the east by Niger, to the northwest by Mauritania, to the south by Burkina Faso and Ivory Coast, and to the west by Guinea and Senegal. The population of Mali is about 23.29 million, 47.19% of which are estimated to be under the age of 15 in 2024. Its Capital city, capital and largest city is Bamako. The country has 13 official languages, of which Bambara language, Bambara is the most commonly spoken. The sovereign state's northern borders reach deep into the middle of the Sahara, Sahara Desert. The country's southern part, where the majority of inhabitants live, is in the Sudanian savanna and has the Niger River, Niger and Senegal River, Senegal rivers running through it. The country's economy centres on agriculture and mining with its most promine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bozo People
The Bozo () are a Mande ethnic group located predominantly along the Niger River in Mali. The name ''Bozo'' is thought to derive from Bambara ''bɔ-so'' "bamboo house"; the people accept it as referring to the whole of the ethnic group but use more specific clan names such as ''Sorogoye'', ''Hain'', and ''Tieye'' themselves. They are famous for their fishing and are occasionally referred to as the "masters of the river". The Bozo language, which belongs to the Soninke-Bozo subgroup of Northwestern Mande, have traditionally been considered dialects of one language though there are at least four distinct varieties. Aspects of Bozo culture took shape under the 10th century Ghana Empire, when the Bozo took possession of the banks of the Niger. The Bozo were the founders of the Malian cities of Djenné and Mopti. Though the Bozo are predominantly Muslim Muslims () are people who adhere to Islam, a Monotheism, monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic religio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smelted
Smelting is a process of applying heat and a chemical reducing agent to an ore to extract a desired base metal product. It is a form of extractive metallurgy that is used to obtain many metals such as iron, copper, silver, tin, lead and zinc. Smelting uses heat and a chemical reducing agent to decompose the ore, driving off other elements as gases or slag and leaving the metal behind. The reducing agent is commonly a fossil-fuel source of carbon, such as carbon monoxide from incomplete combustion of coke—or, in earlier times, of charcoal. The oxygen in the ore binds to carbon at high temperatures, as the chemical potential energy of the bonds in carbon dioxide () is lower than that of the bonds in the ore. Sulfide ores such as those commonly used to obtain copper, zinc or lead, are roasted before smelting in order to convert the sulfides to oxides, which are more readily reduced to the metal. Roasting heats the ore in the presence of oxygen from air, oxidizing the ore and li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lake Faguibine
Lake Faguibine was a lake in Mali on the southern edge of the Sahara Desert situated 80 km west of Timbuktu and 75 km north of the Niger River to which it is connected by a system of smaller lakes and channels. In years when the height of the annual flood of the river is sufficient, water flows from the river into the lake. Since the Sahel drought of the 1970s and 1980s the lake has been mostly dry. Water has only rarely reached the lake and even when it has done so, the lake has been only partially filled with water. This has caused a partial collapse of the local ecosystem. In 2021, Lake Figuibine was entirely dry. A gas emanating from the dry ground destroys the remaining vegetation and renders the soil unfit for cultivation. Lake Faguibine system The lake forms part of a system of five interconnected low-lying depressions that fill to variable depths depending on the extent of the annual flood of the Niger River. Lake Faguibine is by far the largest of these depres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Massifs
A massif () is a principal mountain mass, such as a compact portion of a mountain range, containing one or more summits (e.g. France's Massif Central). In mountaineering literature, ''massif'' is frequently used to denote the main mass of an individual mountain. As a purely scientific term in geology, however, a "massif" is separately and more specifically defined as a section of a planet's crust that is demarcated by faults or flexures. In the movement of the crust, a massif tends to retain its internal structure while being displaced as a whole. A massif is a smaller structural unit than a tectonic plate and is considered the fourth-largest driving force in geomorphology. The word "massif" originates from French (in which the word also means "massive"), where it is used to refer to a large mountain mass or compact group of connected mountains forming an independent portion of a range. The Face on Mars is an example of an extraterrestrial massif. Massifs may also form un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tondikandia
Tondikandia is a rural commune in Filingué Department, Tillabéri Region, Niger. Its chief place and administrative center is the town of Damana. Geography Tondikania, some 120 km northeast of the capital Niamey. It is centered in the large dry river valley of the Dallol Bosso, which runs south from Saharan Mali, joining the Niger River valley south of Niamey. Tondikania is bordered by Dingazi and Filingué to the northwest, Imanan and Kourfeye Centre to the northeast, Loga and Tagazar to the south, and Simiri to the east. History Tondikania's name comes from the pre-colonial Zarma statelet of the same name, formed in the early 19th century. Oral tradition from the village of Shat, to the northeast of Tondikania, describes Zarma peoples moving into the area from the southwest at some earlier date, displacing the now smaller Sudye population, an amalgam of earlier populations who now share the Zarma language. The prefix "Tondi-", "Mountain" in Zarma, is shared with man ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tondidarou
Tondidarou is a small town and megalithic archaeological site in Niafunké Cercle, Timbuktu Region, Mali, northwest of Niafunké, about 150 kilometres south-west of Timbuktu. The site, located on the eastern bank of Lac Tagadji, was discovered by Jules Brévié in 1904 and is said to be "defined by three groups of stone megaliths", monoliths which are a "remarkable collection of phalliform stone monuments." ''Ancient Egypt in Africa'' refers to the site as "Diop's 'Egypt-influenced' phalliform stone circle of Tondidarou". Eugene Maes Eugene may refer to: People and fictional characters * Eugene (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the given name * Gene Eugene, stage name of Canadian born actor, record producer, engineer, composer and musi ... was the first to seriously document the stones at Tondidarou in 1924. It was extensively excavated in around 1980. The site is dated to 670 - 790 AD. References Further reading *Saliege, JF, Person, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tichitt Tradition
The Tichitt tradition, or Tichitt culture, was created by proto-Mande peoples, namely the ancestors of the Soninke people. In 4000 BCE, the start of sophisticated social structure (e.g., trade of cattle as valued assets) developed among herders amid the Pastoral Period of the Sahara. Saharan pastoral culture (e.g., fields of tumuli, lustrous stone rings, axes) was intricate. By 1800 BCE, Saharan pastoral culture expanded throughout the Saharan and Sahelian regions. The initial stages of sophisticated social structure among Saharan herders served as the segue for the development of sophisticated hierarchies found in African settlements, such as Dhar Tichitt. After migrating from the Central Sahara, proto-Mande peoples established their civilization in the Tichitt region of the Western Sahara. The Tichitt Tradition of eastern Mauritania dates from 2200 BCE to 200 BCE. Tichitt culture, at Dhar Néma, Dhar Tagant, Dhar Tichitt, and Dhar Walata, included a four-tiered hierarchical s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Lakes Of Mali
This is a list of lakes of Mali, located completely or partially within the country's borders. Lakes * Lake Afou * Lake Al Kamsi * Lake Arala * Lake Arandjéou * Lake Arkaou * Lake Arodout * Lake Arona * Lake Asi Taba * Lake Bab el Eri * Lake Bambiré A lake is often a naturally occurring, relatively large and fixed body of water on or near the Earth's surface. It is localized in a basin or interconnected basins surrounded by dry land. Lakes lie completely on land and are separate from t ... * Lake Bango * Lake Baria * Lake Bella * Lake Bella Bambi * Lake Bissoko * Lake Bongoe * Lake Bouari * Lake Bouboutoussembou * Lake Boudyou * Lake Bouldi * Lake Bouncham * Lake Caytadié * Lake Chamou * Lake Chétégoula * Lake Chibon * Lake Dao * Lake Daouat * Lake Dara * Lake Dargata * Lake Daye * Lake Dayé Dyesse * Lake Débo * Lake Débaré * Lake Diataro * Lake Dibanti * Lake Didyéri * Lake Dienko * Lake Dingoganyé * Lake Diori * Lake Dioulgoul * Lake Domino Tossokel * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
