|
Makk (other)
''Makk'' (plural ''mukūk''), also spelled ''mak'', ''mek'' or ''meek'',Robert S. Kramer, Richard Andrew Lobban Jr. and Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban, ''Historical Dictionary of the Sudan'', 4th ed. (Scarecrow Press, 2013), p. 293.Richard Andrew Lobban Jr., ''Historical Dictionary of Ancient and Medieval Nubia'' (Scarecrow Press, 2004), p. . is a title formerly used in the Sudan, meaning "ruler" or "king". There are three theories of its origins. It may be a corruption of the Arabic word ''malik'' (pl. ''mulūk''), meaning "king";Jay L. Spaulding, "The Fate of Alodia", ''Transafrican Journal of History'' 4, 1 (1974): 27–40. it may descend from Meroitic language, Meroitic ''mk'', meaning "God", appropriate to the divine kingship practised in the Sudan; or, as E. A. Wallis Budge proposed, it may be derived from Ge'ez language, Ge'ez መከሐ (''mkḥ''), meaning "to be glorious", making it an Ethiopian import. The territory ruled by a ''makk'' may be called a "makkdom" or "mekdom" in Englis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sudan
Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa. It borders the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, Libya to the northwest, Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the east, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the southeast, and South Sudan to the south. Sudan has a population of 50 million people as of 2024 and occupies 1,886,068 square kilometres (728,215 square miles), making it Africa's List of African countries by area, third-largest country by area and the third-largest by area in the Arab League. It was the largest country by area in Africa and the Arab League until the 2011 South Sudanese independence referendum, secession of South Sudan in 2011; since then both titles have been held by Algeria. Sudan's capital and most populous city is Khartoum. The area that is now Sudan witnessed the Khormusan ( 40000–16000 BC), Halfan culture ( 20500–17000 BC), Sebilian ( 13000–10000 BC), Qadan culture ( 15000–5000 BC), the war of Jebel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shendi
Shendi or Shandi () is a small city in northern Sudan, situated on the southeastern bank of the Nile River 150 km northeast of Khartoum. Shandi is also about 45 km southwest of the ancient city of Meroë. Located in the River Nile state, Shandi is the center of the Ja'alin tribe and an important historic trading center. Its principal suburb on the west bank is Matamma. A major traditional trade route across the Bayuda Desert connects Matamma to Merowe and Napata, 250 km to the northwest. The city is the historical capital of the powerful Sudanese Arab Ja'alin tribe whom most of its denizens belong to. The village of Hosh Bannaga, hometown of former President Omar al-Bashir, is located on the outskirts of the city. Etymology There are several theories as to the origin of Shendi's name. One theory claims that the name comes from an old Nubian word for "lip" because the town is located in the bend of the Nile River, which is similar to the shape of lips. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuba
The Nuba people are indigenous inhabitants of southern Sudan. The Nuba are made up of 50 various indigenous ethnic groups who inhabit the Nuba Mountains of South Kordofan, South Kordofan state in Sudan, encompassing multiple distinct people that speak Languages of the Nuba Mountains, different languages which belong to at least two unrelated language families. Estimates of the Nuba population vary widely; the Sudanese government estimated that they numbered 2.07 million in 2003. The term Nuba should not be confused with the Nubians, an unrelated ethnic group speaking the Nubian languages living in northern Sudan and southern Egypt, although the Hill Nubians, who live in the Nuba Mountains, are also considered part of the Nubian people. Overview Dwellings The Nuba people reside in the foothills of the Nuba Mountains. Villages consist of family compounds. A family compound consists of a rectangular compound enclosing two round mud huts thatched with sorghum stalks facing each oth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gabriel Warburg
Gabriel R. Warburg (born in 1927) is a German-Israeli historian specialising in the modern history of Sudan and Egypt. Biography Warburg was born in 1927 in Berlin. In 1933, he emigrated with his family to Haifa, then under the British Mandate for Palestine. From 1946 to 1965, he was a member of Kibbutz Yehiam in northern Israel. He pursued higher education at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem between 1961 and 1964 and earned his Ph.D. from the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London, in 1968. Warburg held academic positions at the University of Haifa, where he served as rector from 1974 to 1977. He was also the director of the Israeli Academic Center in Cairo between 1984 and 1987. He was a fellow at the Berlin Institute for Advanced Study during the 1991/1992 academic year, where he worked on the project "Religion and State in the Sudan in the 19th and 20th Centuries." Warburg research focuses on the interplay of Islam, nationalism, and politics in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shilluks
The Shilluk ( Shilluk: ''Chollo'') are a major Luo Nilotic ethnic group that resides in the northeastern Upper Nile state of South Sudan on the western bank of the White Nile River in Upper Nile. Before the Second Sudanese Civil War, the Shilluk also lived in settlements on the northern bank of the Sobat River, close to where the Sobat joins the Nile in'' the defunct Sobat district'' and in particular Baliet county today. The defunct Sobat district was made up of the Current Baliet County, Akoka County and Malakal City Council, and the indigenous residents of these counties are people of Padang Dinka with their different sections, who are residing in Jonglei Canal and Atar on the White Nile and around the Sobat River confluence with the White Nile along both banks of Sobat River eastward up to Doma North of Sobat and Ashweel South of Sobat River. And also, these Padang people are residence of the whole White Nile eastern Bank up to the border of the Sudan in Renk county today. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indirect Rule
Indirect rule was a system of public administration, governance used by imperial powers to control parts of their empires. This was particularly used by colonial empires like the British Empire to control their possessions in Colonisation of Africa, Africa and Western imperialism in Asia, Asia, which was done through pre-existing indigenous power structures. Indirect rule was used by various colonial rulers such as: the French in French Algeria, Algeria and French protectorate of Tunisia, Tunisia, the Dutch in the Dutch East Indies, East Indies, the Portuguese in Portuguese Angola, Angola and Portuguese Mozambique, Mozambique and the Belgians in Ruanda-Urundi, Rwanda and Burundi. These dependencies were often called "protectorates" or "trucial states". Through this system, the day-to-day government and administration of both small and large areas were left in the hands of traditional rulers, who gained prestige and the stability and protection afforded by the Pax Britannica (in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
In January 1899, an Anglo-Egyptian agreement restored Egyptian rule in Sudan but as part of a condominium, or joint authority, exercised by the United Kingdom and Egypt. The agreement designated territory south of the twenty-second parallel as Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Although it emphasized Egypt's indebtedness to Britain for its participation in the reconquest, the agreement failed to clarify the juridical relationship between the two condominium powers in Sudan or to provide a legal basis for continued British governing of the territory on behalf of the Khedive. Article II of the agreement specified that: The British governor-general, who was a military officer, reported to the Foreign Office through its resident agent in Cairo. In practice, however, he exercised extraordinary powers and directed the condominium government from Khartoum as if it were a colonial administration. Sir Reginald Wingate succeeded Kitchener as governor-general in 1899. In each province, two inspec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Egyptian Conquest Of Sudan (1820–1824)
''Egyptian'' describes something of, from, or related to Egypt. Egyptian or Egyptians may refer to: Nations and ethnic groups * Egyptians, a national group in North Africa ** Egyptian culture, a complex and stable culture with thousands of years of recorded history ** Egyptian cuisine, the local culinary traditions of Egypt * Egypt, the modern country in northeastern Africa ** Egyptian Arabic, the language spoken in contemporary Egypt ** A citizen of Egypt; see Demographics of Egypt * Ancient Egypt, a civilization from c. 3200 BC to 343 BC ** Ancient Egyptians, ethnic people of ancient Egypt ** Ancient Egyptian architecture, the architectural structure style ** Ancient Egyptian cuisine, the cuisine of ancient Egypt ** Egyptian language, the oldest known language of Egypt and a branch of the Afroasiatic language family * Copts, the ethnic Egyptian Christian minority ** Coptic language or Coptic Egyptian, the latest stage of the Egyptian language, spoken in Egypt until the 17th c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mek Nimr
El Mek Nimr, also known as Nimr Muhammad, (c. 1785 to 1846) was the last ''mek'' (king) of the Ja'alin tribe, who resided in Shendi, Sudan. After first having joined the Egyptian army during the Turkish rule in Sudan, he later defeated their troops and finally went into exile. Egyptian expedition During the Egyptian invasion of Sudan, Nimr was forced to accept the Egyptian-Turkish rule by submitting to Isma'il Kamil Pasha's army on 28 March 1821. He also joined Isma'il's campaign against the Sennar sultanate The Funj Sultanate, also known as Funjistan, Sultanate of Sennar (after its capital Sennar) or Blue Sultanate (due to the traditional Sudanese convention of referring to black people as blue) (), was a monarchy in what is now Sudan, northwestern .... After this campaign, Isma'il retired to Shendi, but paid the sixty year-old Mek Nimr no courtesy. When he demanded a tribute of slaves and money, Nimr refused. This led to a confrontation, in which Isma'il struck the k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taqali
Taqali (also spelled Tegali from the Tagale people) was a state of Nuba peoples that existed in the Nuba Mountains, in modern-day central Sudan. It is believed to have been founded in the eighteenth century, though oral traditions suggest it was established two centuries earlier. Due in part to its geographic position on a plateau surrounded by desert, Taqali was able to maintain its independence for some 130 years despite the presence of hostile neighbors. It was conquered by Sudanese Mahdists in 1884 and restored as a British client state in 1889. Its administrative power ended with the 1969 Sudanese coup, though the Makk of Taqali, its traditional leader, retains ceremonial power in the region. History Early history The Taqali state was centered upon the Taqali Massif, the highest part of the Nuba Hills in the Kordofan region (of what is now central Sudan). Its early history is unclear. Oral traditions state that it was founded in the early sixteenth century when the Ki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabic
Arabic (, , or , ) is a Central Semitic languages, Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) assigns language codes to 32 varieties of Arabic, including its standard form of Literary Arabic, known as Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. This distinction exists primarily among Western linguists; Arabic speakers themselves generally do not distinguish between Modern Standard Arabic and Classical Arabic, but rather refer to both as ( "the eloquent Arabic") or simply ' (). Arabic is the List of languages by the number of countries in which they are recognized as an official language, third most widespread official language after English and French, one of six official languages of the United Nations, and the Sacred language, liturgical language of Islam. Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities around the wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sennar (state)
Sennar ( ') is one of the 18 States of Sudan, wilayat or states of Sudan. It has an area of and had a population of approximately 1,918,692 in 2018. History ;2023–present Sudanese civil war Ever since the paramilitary group Rapid Support Forces, RSF took control of most of the state of Gezira State. It has launched small but not threatening incursions into North Sennar. In June 2024, the RSF launched an Sennar offensive, offensive against the SAF in the state. The force started by attacking Jebel Moya, a key area controlling a main road, and stormed to take control of the capital, Sinja. It took control of other cities such as Dinder, Sudan, Dinder, Mazmoum, and El-Suki and nearby areas connecting it while launching an incursion into Blue Nile state. However in October, the Sudanese military attacked and took control of Jebel Moya. The key area of Jebel Moya being lost led to the RSF losing control of Dinder, El Suki and other areas in Sennar. In November, the Sudanese army re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
