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Makarios III
Makarios III (born Michael Christodoulou Mouskos; 13 August 1913 – 3 August 1977) was a Greek Cypriots, Greek Cypriot prelate and politician who served as Archbishop of the Church of Cyprus from 1950 to 1977 and as the first president of Cyprus between 1960 and July 1974, with a second term between December 1974 and 1977. He is widely regarded as the Father of the Nation, founding father or "Ethnarch" of the Cyprus, Republic of Cyprus, leading its transition from British Cyprus, British colonial rule. Early life, studies and Church career (1913–1950) Michael Christodoulou Mouskos was born in Panayia village in the Paphos District of Cyprus. In 1926, aged 13, he was admitted to Kykkos Monastery as a novice. At age 20 he was sent to the Pancyprian Gymnasium in Nicosia where he completed his secondary education in 1936. He studied theology and law at the University of Athens during World War II, graduating in 1942. He took up the duties of a priest in the Cypriot Orthodo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
His Beatitude
His Eminence (abbreviation H.Em. or HE) is a style (manner of address), style of reference for high nobility, still in use in various religious contexts. Catholicism The style remains in use as the official style or standard form of address in reference to a cardinal (Catholicism), cardinal of the Catholic Church, reflecting his status as a Prince of the Church. A longer, and more formal, title is "His [or Your when addressing the cardinal directly] Most Reverend Eminence". Patriarchs of Eastern Catholic Churches who are also cardinals may be addressed as "His Eminence" or by the style particular to Catholic patriarchs, His Beatitude. When the Grand master (order), Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, the head of state of their sovereign territorial state comprising the island of Malta until 1797, who had already been made a Reichsfürst (i.e., prince of the Holy Roman Empire) in 1607, became (in terms of honorary order of precedence, not in the actual churc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Politician
A politician is a person who participates in Public policy, policy-making processes, usually holding an elective position in government. Politicians represent the people, make decisions, and influence the formulation of public policy. The roles or duties that politicians must perform vary depending on the level of government they serve, whether Local government, local, national, or international. The ideological orientation that politicians adopt often stems from their previous experience, education, beliefs, the political parties they belong to, or public opinion. Politicians sometimes face many challenges and mistakes that may affect their credibility and ability to persuade. These mistakes include political corruption resulting from their misuse and exploitation of power to achieve their interests, which requires them to prioritize the public interest and develop long-term strategies. Challenges include how to keep up with the development of social media and confronting biase ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war. Tanks in World War II, Tanks and Air warfare of World War II, aircraft played major roles, enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, first and only nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II is the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in history, causing World War II casualties, the death of 70 to 85 million people, more than half of whom were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. After the Allied victory, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany, Allied-occupied Austria, Austria, Occupation of Japan, Japan, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pancyprian Gymnasium
The Pancyprian Gymnasium (), is the oldest still operational Lyceum, high school in Cyprus, founded in 1812. History In the location of the current school, an older school existed, established in 1753 known as Ellinomouseion (). The ''Pancyprian Gymnasium'' was founded in 1812, by Archbishop Kyprianos, at a time when Cyprus was still under Ottoman Cyprus, Ottoman rule. It was originally called the Hellenic School of Nicosia () and is the oldest Lyceum, high school in operation on the island. The first principal of the Gymnasium in 1893 was Delios Ioannis. The school was expanded in 1893, by the initiative of Archbishop Sophronius III, to incorporate a lyceum when Cyprus was under British Cyprus, British rule, therefore making it equal to Greece, Greek Lyceum, high schools, deeming its students eligible to study at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University of Athens. In 1894 aside from the secondary school, a school for primary school teachers was founded, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Novice
A novice is a person who has entered a religious order and is under probation, before taking vows. A ''novice'' can also refer to a person (or animal e.g. racehorse) who is entering a profession with no prior experience. Religion Buddhism In many Buddhism, Buddhist orders, a man or woman who intends to take ordination must first become a novice, adopting part of the monastic code indicated in the vinaya and studying in preparation for full ordination. The name for this level of ordination varies from one tradition to another. In Pali, the word is samanera, which means 'small monk' or 'boy monk'. Christianity Catholicism A novice in Catholic canon law and tradition is a prospective member of a religious order who is being tried and assessed for suitability of admission to a religious order of priests, religious brothers, or religious sisters, whether the community is one of monks or has an apostolate. After initial contact with the community, and usually a period of time ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paphos District
The Paphos District, or simply Paphos (also Pafos), is one of the six districts of Cyprus and it is situated in the western part of Cyprus. Its main town and capital is Paphos. The entire district is controlled by the internationally recognised government of Cyprus. There are four municipalities in Paphos District: Paphos, Yeroskipou, Peyia, and Polis Chrysochous. The area of the district is 1,396 km2, which constitutes the 15.1% of the total area of the island, and the population was 101,106. Its coastal area is characterised by gulfs and coves, capes and points, beaches and tiny isles. The district can be divided into three morphological regions: the coastal plain, lying mainly below 200 metres, the hilly area extending from plain up to the igneous rocks of Paphos forest and the mountainous region, lying mainly on the igneous rocks of the Paphos forest. North-west of the District is the Akamas peninsula which contains a national park where the green sea turtle is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panayia Village
Pano Panayia (Greek: Πάνω Παναγιά), also known as Panayia (Greek: Παναγιά), is a mountainous village in Cyprus, located at an altitude of 900 metres in the Paphos mountain range, on the outskirts of Paphos forest and 35 minutes from Paphos International Airport. Panayia owes its name to the many churches and monasteries which are in the village or close to it and which are dedicated to Virgin Mary (who in Greek is called Panayia). The most known are the ancient church of Panayia Eleousa in the centre of the village, the historical Chrysoroyiatissa Monastery from the 12th century, and the Byzantine Monastery of Panayia tou Kykkou. Archbishop Makarios III, the first president of the Republic of Cyprus, was born in Panayia in 1913. The village is also known for its unique wildlife, including the mouflon The mouflon (''Ovis gmelini'') is a wild sheep native to Cyprus, and the Caspian region, including eastern Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Iran. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethnarch
Ethnarch (pronounced , also ethnarches, ) is a term that refers generally to political leadership over a common ethnic group or homogeneous kingdom. The word is derived from the Greek language, Greek words (''Ethnic group, ethnos'', "tribe/nation") and (''archon'', "leader/ruler"). ''Strong's Concordance'' gives the definition of 'ethnarch' as "the governor (not king) of a district". Antiquity The title first appeared in the Hellenistic Middle East, possibly in Judea.Kazhdan (1991), p. 734 In the 1 Maccabees, First book of Maccabees the word is used three times (1 Maccabees 14:47 and 15:1-2), where Simon Thassi is referred to as the High Priest of Israel, high priest and ethnarch of the Judeans. :el:Γεώργιος Γρατσέας, Γεώργιος Γρατσέας. ''"Έθνάρχης."'' Θρησκευτική και Ηθική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια (:el:Θρησκευτική και Ηθική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια, ΘΗΕ). Τόμος 5 (Διοκλητιανό ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Father Of The Nation
The Father of the Nation is an honorific title given to a person considered the driving force behind the establishment of a country, state, or nation. Pater Patriae was a Roman honorific meaning the "Father of the Fatherland", bestowed by the Senate on heroes, and later on emperors. In monarchies, the monarch is often considered the "father/mother of the nation" or as a patriarch to guide his family. This concept is expressed in the divine right of kings espoused in some monarchies, while in others it is codified into constitutional law. In the United States, George Washington, commander of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, president of the Constitutional Convention, and the first president of the United States, is commonly considered the Father of the Nation. In Spain, the monarch is considered the personification and embodiment, the symbol of unity and permanence of the nation. In Thailand, the monarch is given the same recognition, and any perso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of Cyprus
The president of Cyprus, officially the president of the Republic of Cyprus, is the head of state and the head of government of Cyprus, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Cypriot National Guard. The office was established by the Constitution of Cyprus, Constitution of 1960, after Cyprus gained its independence from the United Kingdom. The combination of the role of head of state and that of government is unique among Member state of the European Union, member states of the European Union, making Cyprus the only EU state with a full presidential system of government. The Constitution of Cyprus, constitution, which was negotiated during the London and Zürich Agreements that divided power between the Greek Cypriot, Greek Cypriot community and Turkish Cypriots, Turkish Cypriot community, requires the president to be a Greek Cypriot. Other requirements are that the officeholder must be over the age of thirty-five and elected Direct election, directly in a two-round system. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Church Of Cyprus
The Church of Cyprus () is one of the autocephalous Greek Orthodox churches that together with other Eastern Orthodox churches form the communion of the Eastern Orthodox Church. It is one of the oldest Eastern Orthodox autocephalous churches; it claims to have always been independent, although it may have been subject to the Church of Antioch before its autocephaly was recognized in 431 at the Council of Ephesus. The bishop of the ancient capital, Salamis, Cyprus, Salamis (renamed ''Constantia'' by Emperor Constantius II) was constituted metropolitan bishop, metropolitan by Emperor Zeno (emperor), Zeno, with the title ''archbishop''. History Roman era According to the Acts of the Apostles, Paul of Tarsus converted the Roman Sergius Paulus, proconsul Sergius Paulus, (), making him the first Christian ruler, and thus Cyprus became the first country ruled by a Christian leader. A few of the bishops who helped spread Christianity on the island were Lazarus of Bethany, Lazarus, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greek Cypriots
Greek Cypriots (, ) are the ethnic Greeks, Greek population of Cyprus, forming the island's largest Ethnolinguistic group, ethnolinguistic community. According to the 2023 census, 719,252 respondents recorded their ethnicity as Greek, forming almost 99% of the 737,196 Cypriot citizens and over 77.9% of the 923,381 total residents of the area controlled by the Republic of Cyprus. These figures do not include the 29,321 citizens of Greece residing in Cyprus, ethnic Greeks recorded as citizens of other countries, or the population of illegally occupied Northern Cyprus. The majority of Greek Cypriots are members of the Church of Cyprus, an autocephaly, autocephalous Greek Orthodox Church within the wider communion of Eastern Orthodox Church, Orthodox Christianity. In regard to the 1960 Constitution of Cyprus, the term also includes Maronite Cypriots, Maronites, Armenians in Cyprus, Armenians, and Catholic Church in Cyprus, Catholics of the Latin Church ("Latins"), who were given the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
