|
Main Ustaša Headquarters
The Main Ustaša Headquarters () was the ruling body of the Ustaša party in the Independent State of Croatia, convened under the ''poglavnik'', Ante Pavelić. Establishment The Ustaše emigrants lived in many different countries, but since 1929, the most important and most numerous group was group of Ustaše emigrants in Italy, led by Ante Pavelić. The Main Ustaša Headquarters evolved from ''Croatian Emigrant Office'' () established by Pavelić in Milan, Italy and managed by Stanko Hranilović who also used alias Stanko Đurić and was one of the closest associates of Pavelić at that time. The group of Ustaše in Italy consisted of about 500 emigrants. The Main Ustaša Headquarters was first situated in Bovegno, Italy. Organization The Main Ustaša Headquarters consisted of ''poglavnik'', ''Doglavničko vijeće'', ''Pobočnički zbor'' and ''commissioners''. It is assumed that before the World War II only Mile Budak was appointed as ''doglavnik'' (in 1934) and Marko Došen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slavko Kvaternik
Slavko Kvaternik (25 August 1878 – 7 June 1947) was a Croatian military general and politician who was one of the founders of the ultranationalist Ustaše movement. Kvaternik was military commander and Minister of the Armed Forces ('' Domobranstvo''). On 10 April 1941, he declared the creation of the Independent State of Croatia and became Pavelic's right-hand man, the Doglavnik. Kvaternik was an officer in the Austro-Hungarian Army and was involved in World War I. After the collapse of Austria-Hungary, he was appointed by the National Council of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs to lead a successful incursion into Međimurje in late 1918. He later transferred to the Royal Yugoslav Army and remained there until 1921. In 1929, he was one of the founders of the Ustasha – Croatian Revolutionary Movement in Italy. After Germany invaded Yugoslavia in April 1941, he declared the creation of the Independent State of Croatia on 10 April 1941 with the support of the Axis. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1941 Establishments In Croatia
The Correlates of War project estimates this to be the deadliest year in human history in terms of conflict deaths, placing the death toll at 3.49 million. However, the Uppsala Conflict Data Program estimates that the subsequent year, 1942, was the deadliest such year. Death toll estimates for both 1941 and 1942 range from 2.28 to 7.71 million each. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January–August – 10,072 men, women and children with mental and physical disabilities are asphyxiated with carbon monoxide in a gas chamber, at Hadamar Euthanasia Centre in Germany, in the first phase of mass killings under the Aktion T4 program here. * January 1 – Thailand's Prime Minister Plaek Phibunsongkhram decrees January 1 as the official start of the Thai solar calendar new year (thus the previous year that began April 1 had only 9 months). * January 3 – A decree (''Normalschrifterlass'') promulgated in Germany by Martin Bormann ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vjekoslav Luburić
Vjekoslav Luburić (6 March 1914 – 20 April 1969) was a Independent State of Croatia, Croatian Ustaše official who headed the system of concentration camps in the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) during much of World War II. Luburić also personally oversaw and spearheaded the contemporaneous genocides of Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia, Serbs, The Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia, Jews and Romani genocide, Roma in the NDH. Luburić joined Ante Pavelić's Ustaše movement in 1931, left Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Yugoslavia the following year and relocated to Hungary. Following the Axis powers, Axis invasion of Yugoslavia and the establishment of the NDH with Pavelić at its head, Luburić returned to the Balkans. In late June 1941, Luburić was dispatched to the Lika region, where he oversaw a series of massacres of Serbs, which served as the ''casus belli'' for the Srb uprising. Around this time, he was appointed head of Bureau III, a depa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eugen Dido Kvaternik
Eugen Dido Kvaternik (29 March 1910 – 10 March 1962) was a Croatian Ustaše General-Lieutenant and the Chief of the Internal Security Service in the Independent State of Croatia, during World War II. Life Eugen Dido Kvaternik was the son of Slavko Kvaternik, a general in the Independent State of Croatia army and a member of the Ustaše, and Olga Frank, daughter of Josip Frank, a Catholic convert whose parents were Jewish. Kvaternik was sentenced to death in absentia by France for organizing the assassination of King Alexander I of Yugoslavia. However, at the time, he was imprisoned by authorities in Fascist Italy, who refused to hand him over for execution. He was released in 1936, having served two years, whereupon he joined the exiled Ustasha members on the island of Lipari. He instituted a regime of terror against Serbs, Jews, Gypsies and other "enemies of the State". In 1943, after a falling-out with Pavelić, the leader of the Independent State of Croatia, he and h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zdenko Blažeković
Zdenko Blažeković (23 September 1915 – 12 January 1947) was a Croatian fascist official and footballer who held several posts in the World War II Ustaše regime in the Independent State of Croatia (NDH). He was the student commissar at the Ustaše University Centre (USS), leader of the male Ustaše Youth organisation and a sports commissioner in the NDH. Born in the town of Bihać, he graduated from high school in Osijek before applying to join a polytechnic college in Zagreb to become a builder. He was a member of various Croatian cultural and athletic organisations during his youth. He played as a goalkeeper (association football), goalkeeper for Hajduk Osijek and HAŠK association football, football clubs. Briefly a member of the conservative Croatian Peasant Party (HSS), Blažeković was imprisoned several times by the Yugoslav authorities because of his involvement with various Croatian youth organisations, which saw him often involved in clashes with left-wing studen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hakija Hadžić
Hakija Hadžić (1883–1953) was a Bosnian Muslim politician. He belonged to the group of Muslim politicians from Bosnia, who nationally identified as a Croat and approached the Ustasha movement. Hadžić belonged to a group of Muslim politicians who held pro-Croatian positions in the interwar period. Background Hadžić was a Croat from Stolac. He attempted to set up a boarding school but could not gather even twenty prospective students to do so, in contrast to the Serbian Muslim society Gajret, which had over 300 students at the time. Interwar period Hadžić was a politician who had the strongest influence on the Muslim population of Yugoslavia before the Second World War. Before the 1938 elections Hadžić established a new political party (Croatian Muslim Peasant Party) which had received very modest support at the elections. Second World War As a personal friend of Ante Pavelić, he promoted Ustaša politics in regions of Herzegovina and Bosnia. Hadžić thanked Paveli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alija Šuljak
Alija Šuljak (1901–1992) was a prominent Bosnian Muslim Croat who was a professor, politician and military officer of Ustaše during World War II, best known as one of the main perpetrators of the genocide of Serbs in Eastern Herzegovina. Early life Šuljak was born in village Zasad near Trebinje in 1901. He graduated at primary school in Trebinje and commercial secondary school in Sarajevo. He then attended high commercial school in Zagreb and Vienna. Šuljak belonged to a group of notable Muslims who declared their ethnicity as Croatian and struggled for the Independent State of Croatia. The majority of Bosnian Muslims held this group in low regard by 1943. The main organizer of support of the Ustaše ideology in the region of Gacko was Alija Šuljak, a professor from Trebinje. Šuljak propagated Ustaše ideology in Gacko even before World War II, promoting fascism and disseminating religious and ethnic hatred toward Serbs. Before World War II, Šuljak lived in Dubro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ademaga Mešić
Ademaga Mešić or Adem Aga Mešić (25 March 1868 – 1 July 1945) was a Bosnian politician and military officer who served in the Austria-Hungary, Austro-Hungarian ''Schutzkorps'', and later a member of the Ustaše government of the Independent State of Croatia for Bosnia (region), Bosnian region during World War II. Ottoman Bosnia Mešić was married without children, and considered himself a Muslim Croats, Croat.Kisić Kolanović, Nada''Ademaga Mešić i hrvatska nacionalna ideja 1895.–1918. godine''// ''Časopis za suvremenu povijest, ČSP'', Vol. 40, No. 3 (December 2008), pp. 1124:Kisić Kolanović, Nada''Ademaga Mešić i hrvatska nacionalna ideja 1895.–1918. godine''// ''Časopis za suvremenu povijest, ČSP'', Vol. 40, No. 3 (December 2008), pp. 1128-1229: He was the publisher of ''Behar (journal), Behar'', a Bosnian Muslim political journal published in the period 1900–11. Austrian annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Mešić belonged to a Croatian-Muslim bloc ins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marko Došen
Marko Došen (7 July 1859 – 7 September 1944) was a writer, who later became a Croatian Ustaše politician. Biography Born in Mušaluk (now part of Gospić), Došen finished elementary school in Lika and one grade of gymnasium in Bjelovar. He entered into trade, but in 1890 moved to Russia where he opened a bookstore in Saint Petersburg. Together with a Russian historian surnamed Filipov, he published the book ''Hrvati i njihova borba s Austrijom'' (''Croats and their struggle against Austria''). He returned to Gospić in 1893 and the following year started his weekly magazine ''Hrvat'' which he edited for ten years. He was a member of Starčević's Party of Rights in the Croatian Parliament from 1913 to 1918. Since 1918 he was a member of the Croatian Republican Peasant Party (HRSS). He was elected into the national assembly of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1920, 1923 and 1925. After the Pašić– Radić agreement in 1925 he ended his association with Radi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Independent State Of Croatia
The Independent State of Croatia (, NDH) was a World War II–era puppet state of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy (1922–1943), Fascist Italy. It was established in parts of Axis occupation of Yugoslavia, occupied Yugoslavia on 10 April 1941, after invasion of Yugoslavia, the invasion by the Axis powers. Its territory consisted mostly of modern-day Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as some parts of modern-day Serbia and Slovenia, but also excluded many Croats, Croat-populated areas in Dalmatia (until late 1943), Istria, and Međimurje (region), Međimurje regions (which today are part of Croatia). During its entire existence, the NDH was governed as a one-party state by the Fascism, fascist Ustaše organization. The Ustaše was led by the ''Poglavnik'' Ante Pavelić."''Poglavnik''" was coined by the Ustaše and originally a title for the movement's leader. In 1941 it was institutionalized in the NDH as the title of first the Prime Minister (1941–1943), and then the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrija Betlehem
Andrija Betlehem (1879–1943) was member of the "Doglavnik's Council" () of the Main Ustaša Headquarters, the ruling body of the Ustaša party in the Independent State of Croatia. Betlehem was born on 19 November 1879 in Peteranec into a Jewish family. His occupation was tillage. He was known as a supporter of Josip Frank Josip Frank (; 16 April 1844 – 17 December 1911) was a Croatian lawyer and politician, a noted representative of the Party of Rights in the Croatian Parliament, and a vocal advocate of Croatian national independence in Austria-Hungary. Early .... He lived near Hungarian border and established a channel for transport of Ustaše from Croatia to their training camp in Janka Pusta. On 16 July 1941 he was appointed on the position of ''doglavnik'' and on 23 February 1942 he became a member of the newly created Croatian assembly (). Appointment of Betlehem and Lešić as Deputies of Poglavnik was additional step of the policy of appointing numerous Ustaše p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
