|
Mahmoud Hamshari
Mahmoud Hamshari ( ar, محمود الهمشري; 1939–1973) was a Palestinian official who was assassinated by Israel in Paris, France, on 8 December 1972. He was serving as the representative of the Palestine Liberation Organization The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO; ar, منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية, ') is a Palestinian nationalism, Palestinian nationalist political and militant organization founded in 1964 with the initial purpose of establ ... (PLO) to France when the incident occurred. He died in a Paris hospital on 9 January 1973. Early life and education Hamshari was born in a village, Umm Khaled, west of Tulkarm, on 29 August 1939. The family had to leave their homeland in 1948 when it was occupied by Israel, and the village was renamed as Netayna. He obtained a PhD in history from a French university. Career and activities Hamshari worked as a teacher in Kuwait and Algeria. He was a member of the Fatah. He was tasked to organize ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Umm Khalid
Umm Khalid ( ar, أم خالد), also called Mukhalid, was a Palestinian village in the Tulkarm Subdistrict, west of Tulkarm. It was an ancient site in the central coastline of what is now the city of Netanya, Israel. History Archaeological findings around the village included the remains of towers, fortresses, wells, reservoirs, cisterns, and pottery. Flint tools found around the area suggest that the site might have been inhabited since prehistoric times.Y. Porath, Umm Khalid, ''Israel Exploration Journal'', Vol. 37, 1987, pp. 57–59. First century BCE remnants of buildings, installations and burial caves have been found. Crusader castle The village site contained ''Castellum Rogerii Langobardi'', the castle of Roger the Lombard, built by the Crusaders.Khalidi, 1992, p. 562 The building was mentioned in 1135, mostly destroyed c. 1948, and partly excavated in 1985/86. It appears to have been continuously in use from the Crusader period until 1948. Ottoman period The vil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Luc Godard
Jean-Luc Godard ( , ; ; 3 December 193013 September 2022) was a French-Swiss film director, screenwriter, and film critic. He rose to prominence as a pioneer of the French New Wave film movement of the 1960s, alongside such filmmakers as François Truffaut, Agnès Varda, Éric Rohmer, and Jacques Demy. He was arguably the most influential French filmmaker of the post-war era. According to AllMovie, his work "revolutionized the motion picture form" through its experimentation with narrative, continuity, sound, and camerawork. His most acclaimed films include ''Breathless'' (1960), '' Vivre sa vie'' (1962), '' Contempt'' (1963), ''Band of Outsiders'' (1964), '' Alphaville'' (1965), '' Pierrot le Fou'' (1965), '' Masculin Féminin'' (1966), '' Weekend'' (1967), and '' Goodbye to Language'' (2014). During his early career as a film critic for the influential magazine '' Cahiers du Cinéma'', Godard criticised mainstream French cinema's "Tradition of Quality", which de-empha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rue D'Alésia
Rue d'Alésia is a major street in the south of Paris, which runs along the entire east-west length of the 14th arrondissement. It is one of the few streets in Paris named after a French defeat, or more precisely, a Gallic defeat: the Battle of Alesia. Lined with acacia trees, the street extends to the east as Rue de Tolbiac into the 13th arrondissement, and to the west as Rue de Vouillé into the 15th arrondissement 15 (fifteen) is the natural number following 14 and preceding 16. Mathematics 15 is: * A composite number, and the sixth semiprime; its proper divisors being , and . * A deficient number, a smooth number, a lucky number, a pernicious num .... It intersects Avenue du Général Leclerc at the Place Victor et Hélène Basch (or simply Alésia), the location of the Église Saint Pierre de Montrouge, as well as of the Alésia Métro station. Alesia, Rue de {{Paris-road-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Malkin
Peter Zvi Malkin ( he, פיטר צבי מלחין; pl, Cywka Małchin, May 27, 1927 – March 1, 2005) was a Polish-born Israeli secret agent and member of the Mossad intelligence agency. He was part of the team that captured Adolf Eichmann in Argentina in 1960 and brought him to Israel to stand trial for crimes against humanity. Early life Peter Zvi Malchin was born on May 27, 1927 in Żółkiewka, Poland, to an observant Jewish family. In 1936, his family fled to Palestine to escape the rising tide of German anti-Semitism; his sister, Fruma, and her three children who remained behind with 150 other relatives, were murdered in the Holocaust. At the age of 12, Malkin was recruited into the Haganah as an explosives expert. He was also an expert in martial arts and disguises. Mossad career Malkin spent 27 years in the Mossad, first as an agent and later as Chief of Operations. As Chief of Operations he played a major role in the capture of Israel Bar, a Soviet spy wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mossad
Mossad ( , ), ; ar, الموساد, al-Mōsād, ; , short for ( he, המוסד למודיעין ולתפקידים מיוחדים, links=no), meaning 'Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations'. is the national intelligence agency of Israel. It is one of the main entities in the Israeli Intelligence Community, along with Aman (military intelligence) and Shin Bet (internal security). Mossad is responsible for intelligence collection, covert operations, and counter-terrorism. Its director answers directly and only to the Prime Minister. Its annual budget is estimated to be around 10 billion shekels (US$2.73 billion) and it is estimated that it employs around 7,000 people directly, making it the one of the world's largest espionage agencies. Unlike other security bodies (such as the Israel Defense Forces or the Israel Security Agency), its purpose, objectives, roles, missions, powers or budget have not been defined in any law. History Mossad was formed on Decem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aharon Yariv
Aharon Yariv ( he, אהרן רבינוביץ' יריב, 20 December 1920 – 7 May 1994) was an Israeli politician and general. Biography Aharon ("Aharale") Rabinovich (later Yariv) was born in Moscow in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. He immigrated to Mandatory Palestine at the age of 15 and studied at the Pardes Hanna Agricultural High School. He began his military service in the Haganah in 1938,Aharon Yariv, Israeli General, 74 The New York Times, 9 May 1994 and later the . Military and political career Yariv served in the[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Washington Post
''The Washington Post'' (also known as the ''Post'' and, informally, ''WaPo'') is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C. It is the most widely circulated newspaper within the Washington metropolitan area and has a large national audience. Daily broadsheet editions are printed for D.C., Maryland, and Virginia. The ''Post'' was founded in 1877. In its early years, it went through several owners and struggled both financially and editorially. Financier Eugene Meyer purchased it out of bankruptcy in 1933 and revived its health and reputation, work continued by his successors Katharine and Phil Graham (Meyer's daughter and son-in-law), who bought out several rival publications. The ''Post'' 1971 printing of the Pentagon Papers helped spur opposition to the Vietnam War. Subsequently, in the best-known episode in the newspaper's history, reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein led the American press's investigation into what became known as the Waterga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black September Organization
The Black September Organization (BSO) ( ar, منظمة أيلول الأسود, translit=Munaẓẓamat Aylūl al-Aswad) was a Palestinian militant organization founded in 1970. Besides other actions, the group was responsible for the assassination of the Jordanian Prime Minister Wasfi Tal, and the Munich massacre, in which eleven Israeli athletes and officials were kidnapped and killed, as well as a West German policeman losing his life, during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, their most publicized event. These attacks led to the creation or specialization of permanent counter-terrorism forces in many European countries. Origin The group's name is derived from the Black September conflict which began on 16 September 1970, when King Hussein of Jordan declared military rule in response to ''fedayeen'' attempting to seize his kingdom – resulting in the deaths and expulsion of thousands of Palestinians fighters from Jordan. The BSO began as a small cell of Fatah men determ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Munich Massacre
The Munich massacre was a terrorist attack carried out during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, by eight members of the Palestinian militant organization Black September, who infiltrated the Olympic Village, killed two members of the Israeli Olympic team, and took nine others hostage. Black September called the operation "Iqrit and Biram", after two Palestinian Christian villages whose inhabitants were expelled by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. The Black September commander was Luttif Afif, who was also their negotiator. West German neo-Nazis gave the group logistical assistance. Shortly after the hostages were taken, Afif demanded the release of 234 Palestinian prisoners who were being held in Israeli jails, plus the West German–imprisoned founders of the Red Army Faction, Andreas Baader and Ulrike Meinhof. West German police ambushed the terrorists, and killed five of the eight Black September members, but the rescue at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mossad Assassinations Following The Munich Massacre
Operation Bayonet ( he, מבצע זעם האל, Mivtza Za'am Ha'el, Operation Wrath of God) was a covert operation directed by Mossad to assassinate individuals they accused of being involved in the 1972 Munich massacre. The targets were members of the Palestinian armed militant group Black September and operatives of the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO). Authorised by Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir in the autumn of 1972, the operation is believed to have continued for over twenty years. While Mossad killed several prominent Palestinians during the operation, they never managed to kill the mastermind behind Munich, namely Abu Daoud. The operation was depicted in the television film ''Sword of Gideon'' (1986) and Steven Spielberg's film ''Munich'' (2005). History Two days after the Munich massacre at the 1972 Summer Olympics, Israel retaliated by bombing ten PLO bases in Syria and Lebanon. Prime Minister Golda Meir created Committee X, a small group of government offi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Independent
''The Independent'' is a British online newspaper. It was established in 1986 as a national morning printed paper. Nicknamed the ''Indy'', it began as a broadsheet and changed to tabloid format in 2003. The last printed edition was published on Saturday 26 March 2016, leaving only the online edition. The newspaper was controlled by Tony O'Reilly's Irish Independent News & Media from 1997 until it was sold to the Russian oligarch and former KGB Officer Alexander Lebedev in 2010. In 2017, Sultan Muhammad Abuljadayel bought a 30% stake in it. The daily edition was named National Newspaper of the Year at the 2004 British Press Awards. The website and mobile app had a combined monthly reach of 19,826,000 in 2021. History 1986 to 1990 Launched in 1986, the first issue of ''The Independent'' was published on 7 October in broadsheet format.Dennis Griffiths (ed.) ''The Encyclopedia of the British Press, 1422–1992'', London & Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1992, p. 330 It was prod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ezzedine Kalak
Ezzedine Kalak ( ar, عز الدين القلق, 'Izz al-Din al-Qalaq; 1936–1978) was a member of the Fatah and served as the representative of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in France from 1973 to his assassination in Paris on 3 August 1978. He was killed by the Abu Nidal group. Early life and education Kalak was born in Haifa, Mandatory Palestine, in 1936. He was named after Ezzeddin Al Qassam, leader of the Arab revolt in Palestine between 1936 and 1939. Kalak had seven siblings. Kalak was educated in Haifa until Nakba in 1948 when the family had to leave Palestine and settled in Damascus. Following his graduation from high school in Damascus he attended Damascus University. During his studies he joined a literary group and published short stories in the Syrian newspapers. He also became a member of the Syrian Communist Party while studying at the university. He was imprisoned for three years due to his Communist activities from 1959 and 1961. After his r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
