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Madame Dubarry
Jeanne Bécu, comtesse du Barry (; 28 August 1744 – 8 December 1793) was the last ''maîtresse-en-titre'' of King Louis XV of France. She was executed by guillotine during the French Revolution on accusations of treason—particularly being suspected of assisting ''émigrés'' to flee from the Revolution. She is also known as "Mademoiselle Vaubernier" (). In 1768, when the king wished to make Jeanne ''maîtresse-en-titre'', etiquette required her to be the wife of a high courtier, so she was hastily married on 1 September 1768 to Comte Guillaume du Barry. The wedding ceremony was accompanied by a false birth certificate created by Jean-Baptiste du Barry, the comte's older brother. The certificate made Jeanne appear younger by three years and obscured her poor background. Henceforth, she was recognised as the king's official paramour. Her arrival at the French royal court scandalised some, as she had been a courtesan and came from humble beginnings. She was shunned by many ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madame Du Barry
Jeanne Bécu, comtesse du Barry (; 28 August 1744 – 8 December 1793) was the last ''maîtresse-en-titre'' of King Louis XV of France. She was executed by guillotine during the French Revolution on accusations of treason—particularly being suspected of assisting ''émigrés'' to flee from the Revolution. She is also known as "Mademoiselle Vaubernier" (). In 1768, when the king wished to make Jeanne ''maîtresse-en-titre'', etiquette required her to be the wife of a high courtier, so she was hastily married on 1 September 1768 to Comte Guillaume du Barry. The wedding ceremony was accompanied by a false birth certificate created by Jean-Baptiste du Barry, the comte's older brother. The certificate made Jeanne appear younger by three years and obscured her poor background. Henceforth, she was recognised as the king's official paramour. Her arrival at the French royal court scandalised some, as she had been a courtesan and came from humble beginnings. She was shunned by many i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vaucouleurs
Vaucouleurs () is a commune in the Meuse department, northeastern France. It is situated on the river Meuse, approximately from Toul and Commercy. History Geoffrey de Geneville, 1st Baron Geneville (1225/33 – 21 October 1314) also known as Geoffrey de Joinville, was an Anglo-French noble, supporter of Henry III, who appointed him Baron of Trim, County Meath, Ireland. Geoffrey de Geneville was Seigneur of Vaucouleurs in Champagne, second son of Simon of Joinville and Beatrix d'Auxonne and younger brother of Jean de Joinville. Geoffrey's half-sister was wife to one of Eleanor of Provence's uncles, Peter of Savoy, earl of Richmond. Geoffrey was thus one of the "Savoyards" who arrived in England in the retinue of Eleanor at the time of her marriage to King Henry III in 1236. Joan of Arc stayed in Vaucouleurs for several months during 1428 and 1429 while she sought permission to visit the royal court of Charles VII of France. The 42nd "Rainbow" Infantry Division (United Sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hatmaking
Hat-making or millinery is the design, manufacture and sale of hats and other headwear. A person engaged in this trade is called a milliner or hatter. Historically, milliners made and sold a range of accessories for clothing and hairstyles. In France, milliners are known as ''marchand(e)s de modes'' ( fashion merchants), rather than being specifically associated with hat-making. In Britain, however, milliners were known to specialize in hats by the beginning of the Victorian period. The millinery industry benefited from industrialization during the 19th century. In 1889 in London and Paris, over 8,000 women were employed in millinery, and in 1900 in New York, some 83,000 people, mostly women, were employed in millinery. Though the improvements in technology provided benefits to milliners and the whole industry, essential skills, craftsmanship, and creativity are still required. Since hats began to be mass-manufactured and sold as ready-to-wear in department stores, the term ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pannier (clothing)
Panniers or side hoops are women's undergarments worn in the 17th and 18th centuries to extend the width of the skirts at the side while leaving the front and back relatively flat. This provided a panel where woven patterns, elaborate decorations and rich embroidery could be displayed and fully appreciated. History The style originated in Spanish court dress of the 17th century, familiar in portraits by Velázquez. The fashion spread to France and from there to the rest of Europe after c. 1718–1719, when some Spanish dresses had been displayed in Paris. It is also suggested that the pannier originated in Germany or England, having been around since 1710 in England, and appearing in the French court in the last years of Louis XIV’s reign. The earlier form of the pannier took the shape similar to a 19th-century crinoline. They were wide and domed in circumference. As they developed, they differed from earlier equivalents such as its predecessor, the farthingale of the la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hall Of Mirrors
The Hall of Mirrors () is a grand Baroque architecture, Baroque style gallery and one of the most emblematic rooms in the royal Palace of Versailles near Paris, France. The grandiose ensemble of the hall and its adjoining salons was intended to illustrate the power of the Absolute monarchy, absolutist monarch Louis XIV. Located on the first floor (''piano nobile'') of the palace's central body, it faces west towards the Gardens of Versailles, palace gardens. The Hall of Mirrors has been the scene of events of great historic significance, including the Proclamation of the German Empire and the signing of the Treaty of Versailles. Cultural and historical background Construction In 1623, King Louis XIII ordered the construction of a modest two-story hunting lodge at Versailles, which he soon enlarged to a château from 1631 to 1634. His son Louis XIV declared the site his future permanent residence in 1661 and ordered the transformation into an extensive residence in several ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Birth Certificate
A birth certificate is a vital record that documents the Childbirth, birth of a person. The term "birth certificate" can refer to either the original document certifying the circumstances of the birth or to a certified copy of or representation of the ensuing registration of that birth. Depending on the jurisdiction, a record of birth might or might not contain verification of the event by a healthcare professional such as a midwife or doctor. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 17, an integral part of the Sustainable Development Goals, 2030 Agenda, has a target to increase the timely availability of data regarding age, gender, race, ethnicity, and other relevant characteristics which documents like a birth certificate have the capacity to provide. History and contemporary times The documentation of births is a practice widely held throughout human civilization. The original purpose of vital statistics was for tax purposes and for the determination of available mil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marie Leszczyńska
Maria Karolina Zofia Felicja Leszczyńska (; 23 June 1703 – 24 June 1768), also known as Marie Leczinska (), was Queen of France as the wife of King Louis XV from their marriage on 4 September 1725 until her death in 1768. The daughter of Stanislaus I Leszczyński, the deposed King of Poland, and Catherine Opalińska, her 42-years and 9 months service was the longest of any queen in French history. A devout Catholic throughout her life, Marie was popular among the French people for her numerous charitable works and introduced many Polish customs to the royal court at Palace of Versailles, Versailles. She was the grandmother of the French kings Louis XVI, Louis XVIII and Charles X of France, Charles X. Early life Born as a member of the Leszczyński, House of Leszczyński, Maria Karolina Zofia Felicja Leszczyńska (Wieniawa coat of arms, Wieniawa) was the second daughter of Stanislaus I Leszczyński and his wife, Catherine Opalińska, Countess Catherine Opaliński family, Opal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dominique Guillaume Lebel
Dominique Guillaume Lebel (1696–1768) or also Le Bel, had the important court role of ''Premier valet de chambre'' for King Louis XV of France.Patrick Wald Lasowski, L'Amour au temps des libertins, Editions First-Gründ, 2011 He is mainly known in history for his role in providing lovers for the king and acting as his go-between in his love affairs. He is known as the person who provided women for the king's house in Parc-aux-Cerfs. Biography One of his roles was to select young women as mistresses for his master. The tactic for this was to invite the young woman to a supper in a dining room in the palace of Versailles, and the monarch could examine her through a hole in the wall next door. If the king would find the girl sweet to his palate, she would then be informed and examined by Lebel, and later she was led into the boudoir of the king. They were otherwise housed at the Parc-aux-Cerfs. Among the lovers he provided for the king was Marguerite-Catherine Haynault, Lucie- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Étienne François De Choiseul, Duke Of Choiseul
Étienne François, duc de Choiseul, KOHS, OGF (28 June 17198 May 1785) was a French Army officer, diplomat and statesman. From 1758 to 1761 and again from 1766 to 1770, he served as Foreign Minister of France and had a strong influence on France's global strategy throughout the period. Choiseul is closely associated with France's defeat in the Seven Years' War and subsequent efforts to rebuild French prestige. Biography Rise The eldest son of François Joseph de Choiseul, marquis de Stainville (1700–1770), Étienne François was born in Nancy, the capital of the Duchy of Lorraine where his father was one of the leading advisors to the Duke of Lorraine who ruled an independent French-speaking state with close cultural and political links with France. At birth, he bore the title of ''comte de Stainville''. In 1737, Francis Stephen of Lorraine (the future Holy Roman Emperor Francis I) was pressured into giving up Lorraine and becoming ruler of Tuscany in Italy. Realising th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis François Armand De Vignerot Du Plessis, 3rd Duke Of Richelieu
Louis François Armand de Vignerot du Plessis, 3rd Duke of Richelieu (; 13 March 1696 – 8 August 1788), was a French soldier, diplomat and statesman. He joined the army and participated in three major wars. He eventually rose to the rank of Marshal of France. He was the son of Armand Jean de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu, who in turn was a great-nephew of Cardinal Richelieu, the prominent French statesman who had dominated France in the early 17th century. Early years Louis François Armand de Vignerot du Plessis was born in Paris, and Louis XIV of France was his godfather. In his early days, he was thrice imprisoned in the Bastille: in 1711 at the instance of his stepfather, in 1716 in consequence of a duel, and in 1719 for his share in the Cellamare Conspiracy of Giulio Alberoni against Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, the regent for Louis XV of France. Apart from his reputation as a man of exceptionally loose morals, he attained, in spite of a limited education, d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ringlet (haircut)
A ringlet is a type of hairstyle. Ringlets are often also known as princess hair or corkscrews. It is achieved by wrapping a lock of hair around the length of a thin curling iron The curls can also be achieved by hair rollers. Loose ringlets can be created just by twisting wet hair as well. Many Haredi and Hasidic Jewish men wear payot, which may be curled as ringlets. See also * List of hairstyles This is a non-exhaustive list of hairstyles, excluding List of facial hairstyles, facial hairstyles. Short hairstyles Long hairstyles Long hairstyles may be considered those which reach beyond the shoulders on women, or require long hair to c ... References * De La Motte, Marguerite. "Close-up of Marguerite with Ringlets." ''The Three Musketeers''. Directed by Fred Niblo, performance by Marguerite De La Motte, Douglas Fairbanks Pictures, 1921. Silent Film Still Archive, https://www.silentfilmstillarchive.com. Accessed 26 January 2024. External links * Scalp hairsty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adélaïde Labille-Guiard
Adélaïde Labille-Guiard (; 11 April 1749 – 24 April 1803), also known as Adélaïde Labille-Guiard des Vertus, was a French Portrait miniature, miniaturist and portrait painter. She was an advocate for women to receive the same opportunities as men to become great painters. Labille-Guiard was one of the first women to become a member of the Royal Academy, and was the first female artist to receive permission to set up a studio for her students at the Louvre.Auricchio. Early life and studies Adélaïde Labille was born on 11 April 1749 in Paris. Her father, Claude-Edme Labille (1705–1788) was a haberdasher.''Concise Dictionary of Women Artists'', edited by Delia Gaze, Taylor & Francis Group, 2001. Labille-Guiard became a master at miniatures, pastels, and oil paintings. Little is known about her training due to the practices of the 18th century which dictated masters (who were predominately male) should not take on female pupils. During this time, women were perceived a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
