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Ma Pyit-Nwe
Ma Pyit-Nwe (, , ; –1390) was a Martaban–Hanthawaddy royal who fought against King Razadarit of Hanthawaddy in the Ava–Hanthawaddy War (1385–1391). A son of Viceroy Laukpya of Myaungmya, Pyit-Nwe led the defense of his father's capital Myaungmya in 1390. His decision to engage Razadarit's forces outside the city's fortified defenses led to the fall of the city and the entire province. Defiant till the end, Pyit-Nwe rejected Razadarit's offer to serve in the royal service, and chose to be executed instead. Background Ma(Pan Hla 2005: 6, footnote 1 and 8, footnote 1): "Ma" in Mon is an honorific for males that means "male or lineage", and roughly equivalent to Burmese "Nga" or "Maung". Pyit-Nwe was born to a large powerful noble family in the Mon-speaking Martaban–Hanthawaddy Kingdom, .Chronicles do not say when he was born. However, the conversations between Pyit-Nwe and Razadarit reported in the ''Razadarit Ayedawbon'' chronicle (Pan Hla 2005: 187–190) indicat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shwe Dagon Pagoda
The Shwedagon Pagoda (, ; ), officially named ''Shwedagon Zedi Daw'' (, , ), and also known as the Great Dagon Pagoda and the Golden Pagoda, is a gilded stupa located in Yangon, Myanmar. The Shwedagon is the most sacred Buddhist pagoda in Myanmar, as it is believed to contain relics of the four previous Buddhas of the present kalpa. These relics include the staff of Kakusandha, the water filter of Koṇāgamana, a piece of the robe of Kassapa, and eight strands of hair from the head of Gautama. Built on the Singuttara Hill, the tall pagoda stood above sea level,The pagoda's pinnacle height (to the tip of its ''hti'') is tall per (UNESCO 2018), and is built on the Singuttara Hill, which is tall per , and tall above sea level per and dominates the Yangon skyline. Yangon's zoning regulations, which cap the maximum height of buildings to above sea level (75% of the pagoda's sea level height), ensure the Shwedagon's prominence in the city's skyline. History Lege ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Historical Commission Of Burma
The Royal Historical Commission (, ) of the Konbaung Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) produced the standard court chronicles of the Konbaung era, ''Hmannan Yazawin'' (1832) and '' Dutiya Yazawin'' (1869). Commission (1829–1832) In May 1829, three years after the disastrous First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–1826), King Bagyidaw created the first Royal Historical Commission to write an official chronicle of Konbaung Dynasty. The standard official chronicle at the time was '' Maha Yazawin'' (The Great Chronicle), the standard chronicle of Toungoo Dynasty that covers from time immemorial to October 1711. It was the second attempt by Konbaung kings to update ''Maha Yazawin''. The first attempt, ''Yazawin Thit ''Maha Yazawin Thit'' (, ; ; also known as ''Myanmar Yazawin Thit'' or ''Yazawin Thit'') is a national chronicle of Burma (Myanmar). Completed in 1798, the chronicle was the first attempt by the Konbaung court to update and check the accuracy o ...'' (The New Chronicle), commi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yazawin Thit
''Maha Yazawin Thit'' (, ; ; also known as ''Myanmar Yazawin Thit'' or ''Yazawin Thit'') is a national chronicle of Burma (Myanmar). Completed in 1798, the chronicle was the first attempt by the Konbaung court to update and check the accuracy of '' Maha Yazawin'', the standard chronicle of the previous Toungoo Dynasty. Its author Twinthin Taikwun Maha Sithu consulted several existing written sources, and over 600 stone inscriptions collected from around the kingdom between 1783 and 1793.Thaw Kaung 2010: 44–49 It is the first historical document in Southeast Asia compiled in consultation with epigraphic evidence.Woolf 2011: 416 The chronicle updates the events up to 1785, and contains several corrections and critiques of earlier chronicles. However, the chronicle was not well received, and ultimately rejected by the king and the court who found the critiques of earlier chronicles excessively harsh.Thaw Kaung 2010: 50–51 It became known as ''A-pe-gan Yazawin'' (, the "Discar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maha Yazawin
The ''Maha Yazawin'', fully the ''Maha Yazawindawgyi'' (, , Pali : Mahārājavaṃsa) and formerly romanized as the ,. is the first national chronicle of Burma/Myanmar. Completed in 1724 by U Kala, a historian at the Toungoo court, it was the first chronicle to synthesize all the ancient, regional, foreign and biographic histories related to Burmese history. Prior to the chronicle, the only known Burmese histories were biographies and comparatively brief local chronicles. The chronicle has formed the basis for all subsequent histories of the country, including the earliest English language histories of Burma written in the late 19th century.Myint-U 2001: 80Lieberman 1986: 236 The chronicle starts with the beginning of the current world cycle according to Buddhist tradition and the Buddhist version of ancient Indian history, and proceeds "with ever increasing detail to narrate the political story of the Irrawaddy basin from quasi-legendary dynasties to events witnessed by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthur Purves Phayre
Sir Arthur Purves Phayre (7 May 1812 – 14 December 1885) was a career British Indian Army officer who was the first Commissioner of British Burma, 1862–1867, Governor of Mauritius, 1874–1878, and author. Early life Phayre was born in Shrewsbury and educated at Shrewsbury School. His father Richard Phayre, Esq. was grandson of Colonel Robert Phayre, of Killoughram Forest. A brother, Sir Robert Phayre (1820–1897), also served in India. He joined the Indian Army in 1828. In 1846 he was appointed assistant to the commissioner of the province of Tenasserim, Burma, and in 1849 he was made commissioner of Arakan. After the Second Anglo-Burmese War (1852), he became commissioner of Pegu. He was made a brevet captain in 1854 and in 1862 he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel. Work Government office In 1862, Phayre was made commissioner for the entire province of British Burma. He left Burma in 1867. He served as 12th governor of Mauritius from 21 September 1874 to 31 Dece ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ava Kingdom
The Ava Kingdom (, ; INN-wa pyi) also known as Inwa Kingdom or Kingdom of Ava was the dominant kingdom that ruled upper Burma (Myanmar) from 1365 to 1555. Founded in 1365, the kingdom was the successor state to the petty kingdoms of Myinsaing, Pinya and Sagaing that had ruled central Burma since the collapse of the Pagan Kingdom in the late 13th century. Like the small kingdoms that preceded it, Ava may have been led by Bamarised Shan kings who claimed descent from the kings of Pagan.Htin Aung 1967: 84–103Phayre 1883: 63–75 Scholars debate that the Shan ethnicity of Avan kings comes from mistranslation, particularly from a record of the Avan kings' ancestors ruling a Shan village in central Burma prior to their rise or prominence. Names The Burmese name for the Kingdom is (Inwa Naypyidaw) which is equivalent to Ava Kingdom in English language. History The kingdom was founded by Thado Minbya in 1364Coedès 1968: 227 following the collapse of the Sagaing and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myanaung
Myanaung (, , ) is a town in northern Ayeyarwady Region of south-west Myanmar. It is the capital of Myanaung District and the administrative seat of Myanaung Township. The town has six urban wards, numbered one through six going from the north to the south. The town is located along the western bank of the Irrawaddy River and serves as a railway and waterway stop between Lower Myanmar and Kyangin. The Light Infantry Battalion 51 is based just outside of Ward 6 next to the Industrial Zone serving the town. The town of Myanaung was founded around the year 1250 by as a Mon settlement called Gu Htut (). The area was conquered by Alaungpaya Alaungpaya (, ; also spelled Alaunghpaya or Alaung-Phra; 11 May 1760) was the founder and first emperor of the Konbaung dynasty of Burma. By the time of his death from illness during his Burmese–Siamese War (1759–60), campaign in Siam, this ... during the Konbaung–Hanthawaddy War in 1754. He renamed the town Myanaung, () after bringin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hinthada
Hinthada (; formerly Henzada) is a town located on the Irrawaddy River in Ayeyarwady Region, Myanmar. It is the principal town of Hinthada Township and Hinthada District. The trade of locally grown rice and grain goes through the port of Hinthada. Etymology and History Historically, Hinthada was occupied by the Mon people, and was part of the Bagan Empire. According to local histories, the town was founded by Sithu I of Bagan who rested there on a trip up the Irrawaddy River. While building a temporary palace, his male hintha bird (a quasi-legendary species of goose or swan) passed away- causing him to name the area (Hintha-ta; lit. yearn for hintha). An alternative folk etymology says it was actually Sithu IV, who stopped in the area while fleeing the first Mongol invasion of Burma. Because he found the area lacking in food for his feast and called it ဟင်းလျာတ (hin-lya-ta; lit. yearn for entrees), which later morphed into Hinthada. The last folk etymology c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pak Lat Chronicles
The ''Pak Lat Chronicles'', as they are known in English, are a compilation of Mon history texts gathered from palm-leaf manuscripts by the Siamese Mon Monk Phra Candakanto around 1912-13. This compilation of manuscript texts was published in two volumes as paper bound books. The printing took place at the Mon-language printing press of Pak Lat monastery on the outskirts of Bangkok. This famous Mon printing press published many other Buddhism-related titles in the early 20th century. The content of the compilation is diverse, including texts by different authors, chronicling the history of widely disparate historical eras from the Pagan Kingdom to King Bayinnaung's era of conquest. It also includes a version of the history of the Mon king Razadarit. Scholarship on these texts often refers to the texts (or parts of them) using different names. Nidana Arambhakatha (genealogy of kings) and Rājāvaṁsa Kathā (history of the royal lineage) McCormick 2011 are two common names em ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myanmar Units Of Measurement
The traditional Burmese units of measurement were a system of measurement used in Myanmar. Myanmar was one of three countries that had not adopted the International System of Units (SI) metric system as their official system of weights and measures according to the 2010 CIA Factbook. However, in June 2011, U Kyaw Htoo from the Government of Myanmar, Myanmar government's Ministry of Commerce (Burma), Ministry of Commerce began discussing proposals to reform the measurement system in Burma and adopt the kilogram for domestic trade, reasoning that this would simplify foreign trade which it conducts exclusively in metric; and in October 2013, Pwint San, Deputy Minister for Commerce, announced that the country was preparing to adopt the metric system. , Myanmar government web pages in English used Imperial units, imperial and Metric system, metric units inconsistently. For instance, the Ministry of Construction used miles to describe the length of roads and square feet for the size ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahout
A mahout is an elephant rider, trainer, or keeper. Mahouts were used since antiquity for both civilian and military use. Traditionally, mahouts came from ethnic groups with generations of elephant keeping experience, with a mahout retaining his elephant throughout its working life or service years. Etymology The word ''mahout'' derives from the Hindi words ''mahaut'' (महौत) and ''mahavat'' (महावत), and originally from the Sanskrit '' mahamatra'' (महामात्र). Another term is ''cornac'' or ''kornak'', which entered many European languages via Portuguese. This word derives ultimately from the Sanskrit term ''karināyaka'', a compound of ''karin'' (elephant) and ''nayaka'' (leader). In Kannada, a person who takes care of elephants is called a ''maavuta,'' and in Telugu the word used is ''mavati''; this word is also derived from Sanskrit. In Tamil, the word used is ''pahan'', which means 'elephant keeper', and in Sinhala ('stable master ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
