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MSZ96
MSZ96 is a quantum key distribution protocol which allows a cryptographic key bit to be encoded using four nonorthogonal quantum states described by non-commuting quadrature phase amplitudes of a weak optical field, without photon polarization (BB84 protocol) or entangled photons (E91 protocol Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a secure communication method which implements a cryptographic protocol involving components of quantum mechanics. It enables two parties to produce a shared random secret key known only to them, which can then ...). It is named afet Yi Mu, Jessica Seberry; Yuliang Zheng. See also * List of quantum key distribution protocols References {{reflist Quantum cryptography ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Quantum Key Distribution Protocols
Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols are used in quantum key distribution. The first protocol of that kind was BB84, introduced in 1984 by Charles H. Bennett and Gilles Brassard. After that, many other protocols have been defined. List of quantum key distribution protocols *BB84 (1984) is a quantum key distribution scheme that allows two parties to securely communicate a private key for use in one-time pad encryption using the quantum property that information gain is only possible at the expense of disturbing the signal if the two states one is trying to distinguish are not orthogonal and an authenticated public classical channel. *E91 protocol (1991) is a quantum cryptography method that uses entangled pairs of photons to generate keys for secure communication, with the ability to detect any attempts at eavesdropping by an external party through the violation of Bell's Theorem and the preservation of perfect correlation between the measurements of the two parties. *BBM92 p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quantum States
In quantum physics, a quantum state is a mathematical entity that provides a probability distribution for the outcomes of each possible measurement on a system. Knowledge of the quantum state together with the rules for the system's evolution in time exhausts all that can be predicted about the system's behavior. A mixture of quantum states is again a quantum state. Quantum states that cannot be written as a mixture of other states are called pure quantum states, while all other states are called mixed quantum states. A pure quantum state can be represented by a ray in a Hilbert space over the complex numbers, while mixed states are represented by density matrices, which are positive semidefinite operators that act on Hilbert spaces. Pure states are also known as state vectors or wave functions, the latter term applying particularly when they are represented as functions of position or momentum. For example, when dealing with the energy spectrum of the electron in a hydrogen ato ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Photon Polarization
Photon polarization is the quantum mechanical description of the classical polarized sinusoidal plane electromagnetic wave. An individual photon can be described as having right or left circular polarization, or a superposition of the two. Equivalently, a photon can be described as having horizontal or vertical linear polarization, or a superposition of the two. The description of photon polarization contains many of the physical concepts and much of the mathematical machinery of more involved quantum descriptions, such as the quantum mechanics of an electron in a potential well. Polarization is an example of a qubit degree of freedom, which forms a fundamental basis for an understanding of more complicated quantum phenomena. Much of the mathematical machinery of quantum mechanics, such as state vectors, probability amplitudes, unitary operators, and Hermitian operators, emerge naturally from the classical Maxwell's equations in the description. The quantum polarization st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BB84
BB84 is a quantum key distribution scheme developed by Charles Bennett and Gilles Brassard in 1984. It is the first quantum cryptography protocol. The protocol is provably secure, relying on two conditions: (1) the quantum property that information gain is only possible at the expense of disturbing the signal if the two states one is trying to distinguish are not orthogonal (see no-cloning theorem); and (2) the existence of an authenticated public classical channel. It is usually explained as a method of securely communicating a private key from one party to another for use in one-time pad encryption.''Quantum Computing and Quantum Information'', Michael Nielsen and Isaac Chuang, Cambridge University Press 2000 Description In the BB84 scheme, Alice wishes to send a private key to Bob. She begins with two strings of bits, a and b, each n bits long. She then encodes these two strings as a tensor product In mathematics, the tensor product V \otimes W of two vector spaces ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
E91 Protocol
Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a secure communication method which implements a cryptographic protocol involving components of quantum mechanics. It enables two parties to produce a shared random secret key known only to them, which can then be used to encrypt and decrypt messages. It is often incorrectly called quantum cryptography, as it is the best-known example of a quantum cryptographic task. An important and unique property of quantum key distribution is the ability of the two communicating users to detect the presence of any third party trying to gain knowledge of the key. This results from a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics: the process of measuring a quantum system in general disturbs the system. A third party trying to eavesdrop on the key must in some way measure it, thus introducing detectable anomalies. By using quantum superpositions or quantum entanglement and transmitting information in quantum states, a communication system can be implemented that detec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
