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Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA ; ; ), also known as Manila International Airport (MIA), is the main international airport serving Metro Manila in the Philippines. Located between the cities of Pasay and Parañaque, about south of Manila, Manila proper and southwest of Makati, it is the main gateway for travelers to the Philippines and serves as a hub for PAL Express and Philippine Airlines. It is also the main operating base for AirSWIFT, Cebgo, Cebu Pacific, and Philippines AirAsia. Manila International Airport was officially renamed for former Philippine senator Ninoy Aquino, Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr., who was Assassination of Ninoy Aquino, assassinated at the airport on August 21, 1983. NAIA is managed by the Manila International Airport Authority (MIAA), an agency of the Department of Transportation (Philippines), Department of Transportation (DOTr). It is currently operated by the New NAIA Infrastructure Corporation (NNIC), a subsidiary of San Miguel Corporat ...
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Manila International Airport Authority
The Manila International Airport Authority (MIAA; ) is a government-owned and controlled corporation and an agency under the Department of Transportation of the Philippines. It serves as the regulatory body for Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA), formerly known as Manila International Airport—hence the agency's name. History The Manila International Airport Authority (MIAA) was created by virtue of Executive Order No. 778 signed on March 4, 1982 by President Ferdinand Marcos, originally as a body meant to administer and operate the Manila International Airport (MIA). The issuance abolished the MIA Division of the Bureau of Air Transportation which previously fulfilled that role. MIAA retained its name when the MIA was renamed as the Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) on August 17, 1987 via Republic Act No. 6639. On October 10, 2018, the airport authority obtained its ISO certification under ISO 9001:2015 standards. On September 14, 2024, New NAIA Infrastr ...
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Tonne
The tonne ( or ; symbol: t) is a unit of mass equal to 1,000  kilograms. It is a non-SI unit accepted for use with SI. It is also referred to as a metric ton in the United States to distinguish it from the non-metric units of the short ton ( United States customary units) and the long ton ( British imperial units). It is equivalent to approximately 2,204.6 pounds, 1.102 short tons, and 0.984 long tons. The official SI unit is the megagram (Mg), a less common way to express the same amount. Symbol and abbreviations The BIPM symbol for the tonne is t, adopted at the same time as the unit in 1879.Table 6
. BIPM. Retrieved on 2011-07-10.
Its use is also official for the metric ton in the United States, having been adopted by the United States

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Consortium
A consortium () is an association of two or more individuals, companies, organizations, or governments (or any combination of these entities) with the objective of participating in a common activity or pooling their resources for achieving a common goal. Consortia are generally nonprofit with a goal to help its members improve their competitiveness in the specific field. is a Latin word meaning " partnership", "association", or "society", and derives from ("shared in property"), itself from ("together") and ("fate"). Examples Educational The Universities' consortium is established to share research laboratories and equipment facilities, exchange faculty and students, provide programs abroad, and form specialized research centers and admissions offices.Wallace Lang D (1975). "The consortium in higher education". ''Journal of Educational Administration'', 13(2), 23-36. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb009730 Generally, it includes a corporate identity, voluntary membership of in ...
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Privatization
Privatization (rendered privatisation in British English) can mean several different things, most commonly referring to moving something from the public sector into the private sector. It is also sometimes used as a synonym for deregulation when a heavily regulated private company or industry becomes less regulated. Government functions and services may also be privatised (which may also be known as "franchising" or "out-sourcing"); in this case, private entities are tasked with the implementation of government programs or performance of government services that had previously been the purview of state-run agencies. Some examples include revenue collection, law enforcement, water supply, and prison management. Another definition is that privatization is the sale of a state-owned enterprise or municipally owned corporation to private investors; in this case shares may be traded in the public market for the first time, or for the first time since an enterprise's previous natio ...
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Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal-Arroyo (; born April 5, 1947), often referred to as PGMA or GMA, is a Filipino academic and politician who served as the 14th president of the Philippines from Presidency of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, 2001 to 2010. She is the longest-serving president since Ferdinand Marcos. Before her presidency, she was the 10th vice president of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001 under President Joseph Estrada, becoming the first female vice president. She was also a Senate of the Philippines, senator from 1992 to 1998. After her presidency, she was elected as the House of Representatives of the Philippines, representative of Pampanga's 2nd congressional district, Pampanga's 2nd district in 2010 and continues to serve in this role. She also served as the Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines, speaker of the House from 2018 to 2019, and as Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines, deputy speaker from 2016 to 2017 and 20 ...
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Pampanga
Pampanga, officially the Province of Pampanga (; ; ), is a province in Central Luzon in the Philippines. Lying on the northern shore of Manila Bay, Pampanga is bordered by Tarlac to the north, Nueva Ecija to the northeast, Bulacan to the east, Manila Bay to the central-south, Bataan to the southwest and Zambales to the west. Its capital is the City of San Fernando, the regional center of Central Luzon. Angeles City is the largest LGU, but while geographically within Pampanga, it is classified as a first-class, highly urbanized city and has been governed independently of the province since it received its charter in 1964. The name ''La Pampanga'' was given by the Spaniards, who encountered natives living along the banks (''pampáng'') of the Pampanga River. Its creation in 1571 makes it the first Spanish province on Luzon Island (Cebu in Visayas is older as it was founded by the Spaniards in 1565). The town of Villa de Bacolor in the province briefly served as the Spanish c ...
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Clark Freeport Zone
Clark, officially the Clark Freeport and Special Economic Zone (CFEZ), is a free-trade zone, freeport and special economic zone in Central Luzon, Philippines, managed by the Clark Development Corporation (CDC), a government-owned and controlled corporation (GOCC). It covers portions of the cities and municipalities of Angeles City, Angeles, Mabalacat, and Porac in Pampanga, as well as Capas and Bamban in Tarlac. The zone is divided into two areas: the Clark Freeport Zone (CFZ) and the Clark Special Economic Zone (CSEZ). New Clark City is part of the CSEZ, while Clark Global City falls within the CFZ. The CFZ includes the area formerly occupied by Clark Air Base, a former United States Air Force facility. Most of the air base has been converted into Clark International Airport, with some portions still under the control of the Philippine Air Force. Clark serves as a hub for business, industry, aviation, education, and tourism in the Philippines, as well as a center for leisure, f ...
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Clark International Airport
Clark International Airport , known as Diosdado Macapagal International Airport from 2003 to 2014, is an international airport covering portions of the cities of Angeles and Mabalacat within the Clark Freeport and Special Economic Zone in the province of Pampanga, Philippines. It is located northwest of Manila. It is accessible by way of the Subic–Clark–Tarlac Expressway (SCTEX). The airport serves Metro Clark, as well as the entire Central Luzon, Northern Luzon, and, to an extent, Manila metropolitan area and capital city with international and domestic flights. The name is derived from the former American Clark Air Base, which was the largest overseas base of the United States Air Force until it was closed and handed over to the Government of the Philippines in 1991. The airport is managed and operated by Luzon International Premier Airport Development (LIPAD) Corp., a consortium of JG Summit Holdings, Filinvest Development Corporation, Philippine Airport ...
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San Miguel Corporation
San Miguel Corporation (), abbreviated as SMC, is a Philippine multinational conglomerate with headquarters in Mandaluyong, Metro Manila. The company is one of the largest and most diversified conglomerates in the Philippines. Originally founded in 1890 as a brewery, San Miguel has ventured beyond its core business, with investments in various sectors such as food and drink, finance, infrastructure, oil and energy, transportation, and real estate. Its flagship product, San Miguel Beer, is one of the best selling beers in the world. San Miguel's manufacturing operations have extended beyond its home market to areas such as Hong Kong, China, Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, and Australia. In total, its products are exported to 60 markets around the world. History In 1889, a Manila businessman, Enrique María Barretto de Ycaza y Esteban, applied for a royal grant from Spain to establish a brewery in the Philippines. He was awarded the grant for a period of twenty yea ...
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Department Of Transportation (Philippines)
The Department of Transportation (DOTr; ) is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for the maintenance and expansion of viable, efficient, and dependable transportation systems as effective instruments for national recovery and economic progress. It is responsible for the country's land, air, and sea communications infrastructure. Until June 30, 2016, the department was named ''Department of Transportation and Communications'' (''DOTC''; ). With Republic Act No. 10844 or "An Act Creating the Department of Information and Communications Technology", signed into law on May 20, 2016, during the administration of President Benigno Aquino III, the Information and Communications Technology Office was spun off the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) and merged with all operative units of the DOTC dealing with communications, to form the new Department of Information and Communications Technology. History From 1899 to 1979, all transportation activ ...
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Assassination Of Ninoy Aquino
Ninoy Aquino, Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr., a former Senate of the Philippines, Philippine senator, was assassinated on Sunday, August 21, 1983, on the airport apron, apron of Ninoy Aquino International Airport, Manila International Airport (now named Ninoy Aquino International Airport in his honor). A longtime political opponent of President of the Philippines, President Ferdinand Marcos, Aquino had just landed in his home country after three years of self-imposed exile in the United States when he was shot in the head while being escorted from an aircraft to a vehicle that was waiting to transport him to prison. Also killed was Rolando Galman, who was accused of murdering him. Aquino was elected to the Philippine Senate in 1967 and was critical of Marcos. He was imprisoned on frameup, trumped up charges shortly after Marcos's 1972 declaration of Martial Law in the Philippines, martial law. In 1980, he had a heart attack in prison and was allowed to leave the country two months ...
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Ninoy Aquino
Benigno "Ninoy" Simeón Aquino Jr., (, ; November 27, 1932 – August 21, 1983) was a Filipino politician who served as a senator of the Philippines (1967–1972) and governor of the province of Tarlac (1963–1967). Aquino was the husband of Corazon Aquino, who became the 11th president of the Philippines after his assassination, and father of Benigno Aquino III, who became the 15th president of the Philippines. Aquino, together with Gerry Roxas and Jovito R. Salonga, helped form the leadership of the Liberal Party-based coalition against ex-President Ferdinand Marcos. Aquino was the significant emotional leader, who together with the intellectual leader Sen. Jose W. Diokno, led the overall opposition. Early in his Senate career, Aquino vigorously attempted to investigate the Jabidah massacre in March 1968. Shortly after the imposition of martial law in 1972, Aquino was arrested along with other members of the opposition. He was incarcerated for seven years. He has ...
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