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MC4 Connector
MC4 connectors are electrical connectors commonly used for connecting solar panels. The MC in MC4 stands for the manufacturer Multi-Contact (now Stäubli, Stäubli Electrical Connectors) and the 4 for the 4 mm diameter contact pin. MC4s allow strings of panels to be easily constructed by pushing the compatible connectors from adjacent panels together by hand, but require a tool to disconnect them to ensure they do not accidentally disconnect when the cables are pulled. The National Electrical Code (NEC) and the UL6703 standard for PV connectors specify that connectors have to be from the same type and brand to avoid the dangers of cross-mating. In addition, IEC 62548 ‘design requirements for PV Systems' require PV connectors to be of the same origin. Originally rated for 600V, newer versions of the MC4 connector are rated at 1500V, which allows longer series strings to be created. Background MC4 connectors are successors of the MC3 Connectors, which were developed by Multi-Con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MC3 Connector
MC3 connectors are a fully discontinued type of single-contact connector commonly used for connecting solar panels. MC3 are named for the original manufacturer Multi-Contact (now part of Stäubli Electrical Connectors) with a 3 mm contact assembly pin. They have a certification rating of 1KV (IEC) / 600V (UL) and 30A (10AWG PV Cable). Launch MC3 Connectors were launched by Multi-Contact Company (Now Staubli Electrical Connectors) in 1996. MC3 refers to Multi-Contact with its 3mm PV connector. Physical properties The MC3 connectors incorporate a flexible watertight seal and are supplied as 'male' and 'female' types the prevent cross-connections. For proper application usage, they must be terminated to accurately sized UV resistant, correct diameter cable. Obsolescence In 2008, NEC is a Japanese multinational information technology and electronics corporation, headquartered at the NEC Supertower in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. It provides IT and network solutions, including ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daisy Chain (electrical Engineering)
In electrical and electronic engineering, a daisy chain is a wiring scheme in which multiple devices are wired together in sequence or in a ring, similar to a Daisy garland, garland of daisy flowers. Daisy chains may be used for power, analog signals, digital data, or a combination thereof. The term ''daisy chain'' may refer either to large scale devices connected in series, such as a series of power strips plugged into each other to form a single long line of strips, or to the wiring patterns embedded inside of devices. Other examples of devices which can be used to form daisy chains are those based on Universal Serial Bus (USB), FireWire, Thunderbolt (interface), Thunderbolt and Ethernet cables. Signal transmission For analog signals, connections usually consist of a simple Bus (computing), electrical bus and, especially in the case of a Signal chain (signal processing chain), chain of many devices, may require the use of one or more repeaters or amplifiers within the ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zero Crossing
A zero-crossing is a point where the sign of a mathematical function changes (e.g. from positive to negative), represented by an intercept of the axis (zero value) in the graph of the function. It is a commonly used term in electronics, mathematics, acoustics, and image processing. In electronics In alternating current, the zero-crossing is the instantaneous point at which there is no voltage present. In a sine wave or other simple waveform, this normally occurs twice during each cycle. It is a device for detecting the point where the voltage crosses zero in either direction. The zero-crossing is important for systems that send digital data over AC circuits, such as modems, X10 home automation control systems, and Digital Command Control type systems for Lionel and other AC model trains. Counting zero-crossings is also a method used in speech processing to estimate the fundamental frequency of speech. In a system where an amplifier with digitally controlled gain is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alternating Current
Alternating current (AC) is an electric current that periodically reverses direction and changes its magnitude continuously with time, in contrast to direct current (DC), which flows only in one direction. Alternating current is the form in which electric power is delivered to businesses and residences, and it is the form of electrical energy that consumers typically use when they plug kitchen appliances, televisions, Fan (machine), fans and electric lamps into a wall socket. The abbreviations ''AC'' and ''DC'' are often used to mean simply ''alternating'' and ''direct'', respectively, as when they modify ''Electric current, current'' or ''voltage''. The usual waveform of alternating current in most electric power circuits is a sine wave, whose positive half-period corresponds with positive direction of the current and vice versa (the full period is called a ''wave cycle, cycle''). "Alternating current" most commonly refers to power distribution, but a wide range of other appl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Direct Current
Direct current (DC) is one-directional electric current, flow of electric charge. An electrochemical cell is a prime example of DC power. Direct current may flow through a conductor (material), conductor such as a wire, but can also flow through semiconductors, electrical insulation, insulators, or even through a vacuum as in electron beam, electron or ion beams. The electric current flows in a constant direction, distinguishing it from alternating current (AC). A archaism, term formerly used for this type of current was galvanic current. The abbreviations ''AC'' and ''DC'' are often used to mean simply ''alternating'' and ''direct'', as when they modify ''Electric current, current'' or ''voltage''. Direct current may be converted from an alternating current supply by use of a rectifier, which contains Electronics, electronic elements (usually) or electromechanical elements (historically) that allow current to flow only in one direction. Direct current may be converted into alt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arcing
An electric arc (or arc discharge) is an electrical breakdown of a gas that produces a prolonged electrical discharge. The current through a normally nonconductive medium such as air produces a plasma, which may produce visible light. An arc discharge is initiated either by thermionic emission or by field emission. After initiation, the arc relies on thermionic emission of electrons from the electrodes supporting the arc. An arc discharge is characterized by a lower voltage than a glow discharge. An archaic term is voltaic arc, as used in the phrase "voltaic arc lamp". Techniques for arc suppression can be used to reduce the duration or likelihood of arc formation. In the late 19th century, electric arc lighting was in wide use for public lighting. Some low-pressure electric arcs are used in many applications. For example, fluorescent tubes, mercury, sodium, and metal-halide lamps are used for lighting; xenon arc lamps have been used for movie projectors. Electric ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crimp (joining)
Crimping is a method of joining two or more pieces of metal or other Ductility, ductile material by Deformation (engineering), deforming one or both of them to hold the other. The bend or deformity is called the crimp. Crimping tools are used to create crimps. Crimping is used extensively in metalworking, including to contain bullets in cartridge (weaponry), cartridge cases, for Crimp connection, electrical connections, and for securing lids on canning, metal food cans. Because it can be a cold-working technique, crimping can also be used to form a strong bond between the workpiece and a non-metallic component. It is also used to connect two pieces of food dough. Tools A crimping tool or crimp tool is used to create crimps. Crimping tools range in size from small handheld devices, to benchtop machines used for industrial purposes, to large fully-automatic wire processing machines for high-volume production. For electrical crimps, a wide variety of crimping tools exist, and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tyco Solarlok
{{No footnotes, date=March 2021 Solarlok is a largely obsolete electrical connector used to connect solar panels together. Solarlok was introduced by Tyco International in order to meet new National Electrical Code (NEC) standards that required panel connectors to lock together and only be separated again using a tool. Solarlok became very common in the United States where the code first came into effect, but had varying degrees of market success outside the US. Due to the connector only being available from Tyco, the connectors are almost always referred to simply as Tyco connectors. Background information Solar panels are generally connected together in series, or ''strings'', which allows cabling to be daisy-chained between the panels. In the early days of solar power the panel connectors were generally screw terminals located under a removable panel, but due to electrical code restrictions this could not be assembled except by a licensed electrician. Non-licensed technicians d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TE Connectivity
TE Connectivity plc is an American-Irish domiciled technology company that designs and manufactures electrical and electronic components. It serves several industries, including automotive, aerospace, defense, medical, and energy. TE Connectivity has a global workforce of 89,000 employees, including more than 8,000 engineers. The company serves customers in approximately 140 countries. History In 1941, Aircraft and Marine Products (AMP) was founded to make solderless electrical connections for quick and removable wire connections used for aircraft and ships. After the war time boom, the company had to adapt to the post-war economy, and in 1956, the name of the company was changed to AMP Incorporated when it re-incorporated. In 1999, Tyco International acquired AMP Incorporated. In September 2002, the CEO ( L. Dennis Kozlowski) and CFO (Mark H. Swartz) of Tyco International Ltd. were indicted on charges including fraud, racketeering, stock manipulation, and more, amounting ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phono Jack
Phono input is a set of input jacks, usually mini jacks or RCA connectors, located on the rear panel of a preamp, mixer or amplifier, especially on early radio sets, to which a phonograph or turntable is attached. Modern phono cartridges give a very low level output signal of the order of a few millivolts which the circuitry amplifies and equalizes. Phonograph recordings are made with high frequencies boosted and the low frequencies attenuated: during playback the frequency response changes are reversed. This reduces background noise, including clicks or pops, and also conserves the amount of physical space needed for each groove, by reducing the size of the larger low-frequency undulations. This is accomplished in the amplifier with a phono input that incorporates standardized RIAA equalization circuitry. Through at least the 1980s, the phono input was widely available on consumer stereo equipment—even some larger boomboxes had them. By the 2000s only very sophisticated and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radox Connector
RADOX Solar connectors are a largely obsolete electrical connector used to connect solar panels together in series to form ''strings''. Overview The RADOX Solar brand covered a variety of products from Huber+Suhner of Switzerland, but the connectors are the best known member of the line and the term ''Radox connector'' is synonymous.{{Cite web , title=What are the different types of solar panels? , url=https://energyefficiency.ie/solar-panels/ , access-date=2024-07-25 , language=en-US The Radox connectors were most widely known from their use on Renewable Energy Corporation's solar panels from Norway, and did not find widespread use outside that market. Standards Radox connectors did not meet new US standards that required the cables to not be able to disconnect without the use of a tool. Many companies introduced new connectors to meet these requirements, like the MC4 connector and Tyco Solarlok, but the Radox was not updated and quickly disappeared from the market. See also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
