MARTA Archeology Project
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MARTA Archeology Project
The MARTA Archaeology Project, later revived as the Phoenix Project, was an archaeological excavation initiative funded by the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA) before the construction of Atlanta's rapid transit system in the 1970s. MARTA contracted Georgia State University (GSU) to conduct the excavations. History MARTA originally contracted GSU in 1974 for small-scale surveying of sections of the proposed rail lines. This partnership expanded in subsequent years with more substantial contracts signed in 1975, 1976, 1977, and 1979 for in-depth excavation. The project eventually encompassed both MARTA lines completely. Dr. Roy S. Dickens Jr. took the lead on the project. He and his students identified a total of 30 sites across the city and excavated an estimated 100,000 artifacts. 47% of the sites were discovered through on-site construction monitoring, 25% through historical documents, 19% through surface inspection, and the rest through testing and metal detec ...
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Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority
The Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA ) is the principal public transport operator in the Atlanta metropolitan area. Formed in 1971 as strictly a bus system, MARTA operates a network of Public transport bus service, bus routes linked to a rapid transit system consisting of of Railway track, rail track with 38 Metro station, subway stations. MARTA's rapid transit system is List of United States rapid transit systems by ridership, the eighth-largest rapid transit system in the United States by ridership. MARTA operates almost exclusively in Fulton County, Georgia, Fulton, Clayton County, Georgia, Clayton, and DeKalb County, Georgia, DeKalb counties, although they maintain bus service to two destinations in neighboring Cobb County, Georgia, Cobb County (Six Flags Over Georgia and the Cumberland (Atlanta), Cumberland Transfer Center next to the Cumberland Mall (Georgia), Cumberland Mall), while Doraville station serves portions of Gwinnett County, Georgia, Gwinne ...
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Atlanta
Atlanta ( ) is the List of capitals in the United States, capital and List of municipalities in Georgia (U.S. state), most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia. It is the county seat, seat of Fulton County, Georgia, Fulton County and extends into neighboring DeKalb County, Georgia, DeKalb County. With a population of 520,070 (2024 estimate) living within the city limits, Atlanta is the eighth most populous city in the Southeastern United States, Southeast and List of United States cities by population, 36th most populous city in the United States according to the 2020 United States census, 2020 U.S. census. Atlanta is classified as a Globalization and World Cities Research Network#Beta +, Beta + global city and is the principal city of the much larger Atlanta metropolitan area, the core of which includes Cobb County, Georgia, Cobb, Clayton County, Georgia, Clayton and Gwinnett County, Georgia, Gwinnett counties, in addition to Fulton and DeKalb. ...
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Georgia State University
Georgia State University (Georgia State, State, or GSU) is a Public university, public research university in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. Founded in 1913, it is one of the University System of Georgia's four research universities. It is also the second largest institution of higher education by enrollment based in Georgia with a student enrollment of around 50,000, including approximately 33,000 undergraduate and graduate students at the main campus Downtown Atlanta, downtown. Georgia State is Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, classified among "List of research universities in the United States#Universities classified as "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research spending and doctorate production", R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research spending and doctorate production". The university is the most comprehensive public institution in Georgia, offering more than 250-degree programs in over 100 fields of study spread across 10 acade ...
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University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC, UNC–Chapel Hill, or simply Carolina) is a public university, public research university in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States. Chartered in 1789, the university first began enrolling students in 1795, making it the oldest public university in the United States, oldest public university in the United States. The university offers degrees in over 70 courses of study and is administratively divided into 13 separate professional schools and a primary unit, the College of Arts & Sciences. It is Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity" and is a member of the Association of American Universities (AAU). The National Science Foundation ranked UNC–Chapel Hill ninth among American universities for research and development expenditures in 2023 with $1.5 billion. Its Financial endowment, endowment is $5.7 billion, making it the ...
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Georgia Museum Of Natural History
The Georgia Museum of Natural History (abbreviated as GMNH) is the U.S. state of Georgia's museum of natural history located in Athens, Georgia. The museum has eleven different collections in Anthropology, Arthropods, Botany, Geology, Herpetology, Ichthyology, Invertebrate, Mammalogy, Mycology, Ornithology, and Zooarchaeology. In addition, there are exhibitions, archives, and entertainment for children. The Exhibit Gallery is free and open to the public during scheduled hours. People can schedule a tour to visit the collections by appointment. The museum staff deliver on thousands of information and loan requests annually. Most of these originate within Georgia from agencies such as the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Geological Service, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Forestry Service, Cooperative Extension Service, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Georgia Forestry Commission, and Georgia Department of Transportation, as ...
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Phoenix (mythology)
The phoenix is a Legendary creature, legendary immortal bird that cyclically regenerates or is otherwise born again. Originating in Greek mythology, it has analogs in many cultures, such as Egyptian mythology, Egyptian and Persian mythology. Associated with the sun, a phoenix obtains new life by rising from the ashes of its predecessor. Some legends say it dies in a show of flames and combustion, while others say that it simply dies and decomposes before being born again. In the ''Motif-Index of Folk-Literature'', a tool used by folklore studies, folklorists, the phoenix is classified as motif B32.Thompson. (2001: 581). The origin of the phoenix has been attributed to Ancient Egypt by Herodotus and later 19th-century scholars, but other scholars think the Egyptian texts may have been influenced by classical folklore. Over time, the phoenix motif spread and gained a variety of new associations; Herodotus, Lucan, Pliny the Elder, Pope Clement I, Lactantius, Ovid, and Isidore of Sev ...
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Archaeological Site
An archaeological site is a place (or group of physical sites) in which evidence of past activity is preserved (either prehistoric or recorded history, historic or contemporary), and which has been, or may be, investigated using the discipline of archaeology and represents a part of the archaeological record. Sites may range from those with few or no remains visible above ground, to buildings and other structures still in use. Beyond this, the definition and geographical extent of a "site" can vary widely, depending on the period studied and the theoretical approach of the archaeologist. Geographical extent It is almost invariably difficult to delimit a site. It is sometimes taken to indicate a settlement of some sort, although the archaeologist must also define the limits of human activity around the settlement. Any episode of deposition, such as a hoard or burial, can form a site as well. Development-led archaeology undertaken as cultural resources management has the disad ...
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Smithsonian Trinomial
A Smithsonian trinomial (formally the Smithsonian Institution Trinomial System, abbreviated SITS) is a unique identifier assigned to archaeological sites in many states in the United States. Trinomials are composed of a one or two digit coding for the state, typically two letters coding for the county or county-equivalent within the state, and one or more sequential digits representing the order in which the site was listed in that county. The Smithsonian Institution The Smithsonian Institution ( ), or simply the Smithsonian, is a group of museums, Education center, education and Research institute, research centers, created by the Federal government of the United States, U.S. government "for the increase a ... developed the site number system in the 1930s and 1940s, but it no longer maintains the system. Trinomials are now assigned by the individual states. The 48 states then in the union were assigned numbers in alphabetical order. Alaska was assigned number 49 and Hawaii w ...
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