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MAM Domain
MAM domain is an evolutionary conserved protein domain. It is an extracellular domain found in many receptors. A 170 amino acid domain, the so-called MAM (meprin, A-5 protein, and PTPRM, receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase mu) domain, has been recognised in the extracellular region of functionally diverse proteins. These proteins have a modular, receptor-like architecture comprising a signal peptide, an N-terminal extracellular domain, a single transmembrane domain and an intracellular domain. Such proteins include Meprin A, meprin (a cell surface glycoprotein); A5 antigen (a developmentally-regulated cell surface protein; ''Xenopus'' Neuropilin 1, nrp1; ); and receptor-like tyrosine protein phosphatase. The MAM domain is thought to have an adhesive function. It contains 4 conserved cysteine residues, which probably form disulphide bridges. Human proteins containing this domain Anaplastic lymphoma kinase, ALK; EGFL6; MAMDC2; MAMDC4; MDGA1; MDGA2; MEP1A; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein Domain
In molecular biology, a protein domain is a region of a protein's Peptide, polypeptide chain that is self-stabilizing and that Protein folding, folds independently from the rest. Each domain forms a compact folded Protein tertiary structure, three-dimensional structure. Many proteins consist of several domains, and a domain may appear in a variety of different proteins. Molecular evolution uses domains as building blocks and these may be recombined in different arrangements to create proteins with different functions. In general, domains vary in length from between about 50 amino acids up to 250 amino acids in length. The shortest domains, such as zinc fingers, are stabilized by metal ions or Disulfide bond, disulfide bridges. Domains often form functional units, such as the calcium-binding EF-hand, EF hand domain of calmodulin. Because they are independently stable, domains can be "swapped" by genetic engineering between one protein and another to make chimera (protein), chimeric ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MEP1A
Meprin A subunit alpha also known as endopeptidase-2 or PABA peptide hydrolase is the alpha subunit of the meprin A enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MEP1A'' gene. The MEP1A locus is on chromosome 6p in humans and on chromosome 17 in mice. Function The meprin alpha subunit product of the MEP1A gene is processed in the endoplasmic reticulum during intracellular transport, and is secreted as homomeric meprin A. Meprin alpha subunits may self-associate, and once secreted, form very large multimers, with a molecular mass of over 1 million daltons. In cells concurrently expressing MEP1B, the meprin alpha and meprin beta subunits form disulfide dimers that interact to form membrane bound heterotetrameric meprin A. References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{gene-6-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zonadhesin
Zonadhesin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZAN gene. Function This gene encodes a protein that functions in the species specificity of sperm adhesion to the egg zona pellucida. The encoded protein is located in the acrosome and may be involved in signaling or gamete recognition. An allelic polymorphism in this gene results in both functional and frameshifted alleles; the reference genome represents the functional allele An allele is a variant of the sequence of nucleotides at a particular location, or Locus (genetics), locus, on a DNA molecule. Alleles can differ at a single position through Single-nucleotide polymorphism, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), .... Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. rovided by RefSeq, Jul 2015 References Further reading * * * {{gene-7-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PTPRU
Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase PCP-2 (also known as PTP-pi, PTP lambda, hPTP-J, PTPRO and PTP psi), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PTPRU'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP possesses an extracellular region, a single transmembrane region, and two tandem intracellular catalytic tyrosine phosphatase domains, and thus represents a receptor-type PTP (RPTP). The extracellular region contains a meprin-A5 antigen-PTPmu (MAM) domain, one Ig-like domain and four fibronectin type III-like repeats, and thus is a member of the type R2B RPTP family. It was cloned by many groups and given different names, including PCP-2, PTP pi, PTP lambda, hPTP-J, PTPRO, and PTP psi. Other type R2B RPTPs include PTPRM, PTPRK, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PTPRT
Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase T is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PTPRT'' gene. PTPRT is also known as PTPrho, PTPρ and human accelerated region 9. The human accelerated regions are 49 regions of the human genome that are conserved among vertebrates, but in humans show significant distinction from other vertebrates. This region may, therefore, have played a key role in differentiating humans from apes. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. PTPrho has been proposed to function during development of the nervous system and as a tumor suppressor in cancer. Structure This PTP possesses an extracellular region, a single transmembrane region, and two tandem intracellular catalytic domains, and thus represents a recept ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PTPRO
Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase O is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PTPRO'' gene. This gene encodes a receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase containing a single intracellular catalytic domain with a characteristic signature motif. The gene product, which has a transmembrane domain, is an integral membrane protein. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants, some of which encode different isoforms A protein isoform, or "protein variant", is a member of a set of highly similar proteins that originate from a single gene and are the result of genetic differences. While many perform the same or similar biological roles, some isoforms have uniqu ... of the protein, have been described. These variants exhibit tissue-specific expression. References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * {{gene-12-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PTPRK
Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase kappa is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PTPRK'' gene. PTPRK is also known as PTPkappa and PTPκ. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. Protein tyrosine phosphatases are protein enzymes that remove phosphate moieties from tyrosine residues on other proteins. Tyrosine kinase, Tyrosine kinases are enzymes that add phosphates to tyrosine residues, and are the opposing enzymes to PTPs. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and Carcinogenesis, oncogenic transformation. The human PTPRK gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 6, a putative tumor suppressor region of the genome. During development The same reporter construct used by Shen and colleagues, and described above was created by Skarnes et al. during a screen to identify genes important in mouse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NRP2
Neuropilin 2 (NRP2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NRP2'' gene. This gene encodes a member of the neuropilin Neuropilin is a protein receptor active in neurons. There are two forms of Neuropilins, NRP-1 and NRP-2. Neuropilins are transmembrane glycoproteins, first documented to regulate neurogenesis and angiogenesis by complexing with Plexin recep ... family of receptor proteins. NRP2 is expressed by a wide variety of cell types. The transmembrane protein has been reported to bind to SEMA3C, SEMA3F, VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, TGFβ, integrins and ANGPTL4 to promote downstream signaling pathways. Consequently, NRP2 is known to play a role in cardiovascular development, axon guidance, tumorigenesis, inflammation and cardiovascular disease. Multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{gene-2-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neuropilin 1
Neuropilin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NRP1'' gene. In humans, the neuropilin 1 gene is located at 10p11.22. This is one of two human neuropilins. Function NRP1 is a membrane-bound coreceptor to a tyrosine kinase receptor for both vascular endothelial growth factor (for example, VEGFA) and semaphorin (for example, SEMA3A) family members. NRP1 plays versatile roles in angiogenesis, axon guidance, cell survival, migration, and invasion. upplied by OMIMref name="entrez"/> Interactions Neuropilin 1 has been shown to interact with Vascular endothelial growth factor A. Role in COVID-19 Research has shown that neuropilin 1 facilitates entry of SARS-CoV-2 into cells, making it a possible target for future antiviral drugs. Implication in cancer Neuropilin 1 has been implicated in the vascularization and progression of cancers. NRP1 expression has been shown to be elevated in a number of human patient tumor samples, including brain, prostate, breas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MEP1B
Meprin A subunit beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MEP1B'' gene. Meprins are multidomain zinc metalloproteases that are highly expressed in mammalian kidney The mammalian kidneys are a pair of excretory organs of the urinary system of mammals, being functioning Kidney (vertebrates), kidneys in postnatal-to-adult individuals (i. e. Kidney (vertebrates)#Metanephros, metanephric kidneys). The kidneys in ... and intestinal brush border membranes and in leukocytes and certain cancer cells. Mature meprins are oligomers of evolutionarily related, separately encoded alpha and/or beta subunits. Homooligomers of meprin-alpha (MEP1A; MIM 600388) are secreted; oligomers containing meprin-beta are associated with the plasma membrane. Substrates include bioactive peptides and extracellular matrix proteins. See MIM 600388 for further information on meprins. upplied by OMIMref name="entrez"> References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{gene-18-st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
