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M.A.L.D.
The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy is the graduate school of international affairs of Tufts University, in Medford, Massachusetts. Fletcher is one of America's oldest graduate schools of international relations. As of 2017, the student body numbered around 230, of whom 36 percent were international students from 70 countries, and around a quarter were U.S. minorities. History The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy was founded in 1933 with the bequest of Austin Barclay Fletcher, who left over $3 million to Tufts University upon his death in 1923. A third of these funds were dedicated “for the establishment and maintenance of a School of Law and Diplomacy, to be known as The Fletcher School of Law or "The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy." Fletcher envisioned "a school to prepare people for diplomatic service and to teach such matters as they come... ndwithin it...a fundamental and thorough knowledge of the principles of international law upon which diplomacy is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medford, Massachusetts
Medford is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. At the time of the 2020 United States census, Medford's population was 59,659. It is home to Tufts University, which has its campus on both sides of the Medford and Somerville border. History Indigenous history Native Americans inhabited the area that would become Medford for thousands of years prior to European colonization of the Americas. At the time of European contact and exploration, Medford was the winter home of the Naumkeag people, who farmed corn and created fishing weirs at multiple sites along the Mystic River. Naumkeag sachem Nanepashemet was killed and buried at his fortification in present-day Medford during a war with the Tarrantines in 1619. The contact period introduced several European infectious diseases which would decimate native populations in virgin soil epidemics, including a smallpox epidemic which in 1633 killed Nanepashemet's sons, sachems Montowompate and Wonohaquaham. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fletcher School Of Law And Diplomacy IMG 0975
Fletcher may refer to: People and fictional characters * Fletcher (surname), including lists of people and fictional characters * Fletcher (given name), lists of people and fictional characters * Fletcher (occupation), a person who fletches arrows, the origin of the surname * Fletcher (singer), American singer-songwriter Cari Fletcher (born 1994) Places United States * Fletcher, California, a former settlement * Fletcher, the original name of Aurora, Colorado, a home rule municipality * Fletcher, Illinois, an unincorporated community * Fletcher, Indiana, an unincorporated town * Fletcher, Missouri, an unincorporated community * Fletcher, North Carolina, a suburb of Asheville * Fletcher, Ohio, a village * Fletcher, Oklahoma, a town * Fletcher, Vermont, a town * Fletcher, Virginia, an unincorporated community * Fletcher, West Virginia, an unincorporated community * Fletcher Hills, San Diego County, California, a mountain range * Fletcher Pond, Michigan, a man-made b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Academic Journal
An academic journal (or scholarly journal or scientific journal) is a periodical publication in which Scholarly method, scholarship relating to a particular academic discipline is published. They serve as permanent and transparent forums for the dissemination, scrutiny, and discussion of research. Unlike professional magazines or Trade magazine, trade magazines, the articles are mostly written by researchers rather than staff writers employed by the journal. They nearly universally require peer review for Research Article, research articles or other scrutiny from contemporaries competent and established in their respective fields. Academic journals trace their origins back to the 17th century. , it is estimated that over 28,100 active academic journals are in publication, with scopes ranging from the general sciences, as seen in journals like ''Science (journal), Science'' and ''Nature (journal), Nature'', to highly specialized fields. These journals publish a variety of articles ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peer-reviewed
Peer review is the evaluation of work by one or more people with similar competencies as the producers of the work ( peers). It functions as a form of self-regulation by qualified members of a profession within the relevant field. Peer review methods are used to maintain quality standards, improve performance, and provide credibility. In academia, scholarly peer review is often used to determine an academic paper's suitability for publication. Peer review can be categorized by the type and by the field or profession in which the activity occurs, e.g., medical peer review. It can also be used as a teaching tool to help students improve writing assignments. Henry Oldenburg (1619–1677) was a German-born British philosopher who is seen as the 'father' of modern scientific peer review. It developed over the following centuries with, for example, the journal ''Nature'' making it standard practice in 1973. The term "peer review" was first used in the early 1970s. A monument to pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Fletcher Forum Of World Affairs
''The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs'' is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal of international relations established in 1975. It is managed by students at The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy (Tufts University). It is also an online foreign policy forum with additional articles and interviews. Scope The journal provides interdisciplinary analysis with articles covering an array of international relations fields that include humanitarian studies, security studies, development studies, international law, international business, regional Studies, international politics, environmental studies, and diplomacy. Works in the journal have been cited in other specialized scholarly journals, books, and in policy-making, as well as having been republished in other outlets. The Fletcher Forum includes feature articles, book reviews, interviews and editorials. While the current issue is available for purchase, most articles from previous issues are individually available for down ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of The Arctic
The University of the Arctic (UArctic) is an international cooperative network based in the Circumpolar Arctic region, consisting of universities, colleges, and other organizations with an interest in promoting education and research in the Arctic region. UArctic was launched in 2001, endorsed by the Arctic Council and in conjunction with the tenth anniversary of the Rovaniemi Process and the Arctic Environmental Protection Strategy. Member institutions There are 197 members in the University of the Arctic as of April 2025. There are 45 members from Canada, 10 from Denmark, 1 from the Faroe Islands, 17 from Finland, 3 from Greenland, 10 from Iceland, 19 from Norway, 55 (paused) from Russia, 7 from Sweden, 25 from the United States and 59 from non-Arctic countries (Australia (1), Austria (1), Czech Republic (1), China (16), France (3), Germany (1), India (5), Ireland (3), Italy (1), Japan (1), Korea (2), Mongolia (1), the Netherlands (2) and the United Kingdom (21), plus the Int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Peace Foundation
The World Peace Foundation or WPF, created in 1910, is a philanthropic foundation for research into peace processes affiliated with The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University. Alex de Waal is the director , having become director in 2011. The WPF founded the journal ''International Organization'', which is the leading journal in the field of International Relations. Creation The World Peace Foundation was created in 1910 under the directorship of Edwin D. Mead and financed by Edwin Ginn, a wealthy publisher, who initially named it the ''International School of Peace''. Ginn felt that massive financial investments in war should be matched by, at least, modest investments in Kant's notion of peace via democracy ('' Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch''). Ginn financed the school, the name was changed to ''World Peace Foundation'', and his endowment allowed the institute to continue after his death in 1914. Leadership and structure The initial director of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russia And Eurasia Program
Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders of Russia, land borders with fourteen countries. Russia is the List of European countries by population, most populous country in Europe and the List of countries and dependencies by population, ninth-most populous country in the world. It is a Urbanization by sovereign state, highly urbanised country, with sixteen of its urban areas having more than 1 million inhabitants. Moscow, the List of metropolitan areas in Europe, most populous metropolitan area in Europe, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, while Saint Petersburg is its second-largest city and Society and culture in Saint Petersburg, cultural centre. Human settlement on the territory of modern Russia dates back to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Security Studies Program (Fletcher School)
The Fletcher School's International Security Studies Program (ISSP or ISS) is a center for the study of international security studies and security policy development. It was established in 1971 at The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University. ISSP conducts its academic activity through courses, simulations, conferences, and research. It also has a military fellows program for midcareer U.S. officers. History Prior to the establishment of ISSP, the Fletcher School was already offering courses in security studies, with also a significant number of master and PhD theses exploring the political-military and security-related topics. In 1971 ISSP was established with the financial support of the Scaife Family Charitable Trust. With it came a more formalized program and expanded course offering. The program was founded during the tenure of Dean Edmund A. Gullion (a former diplomat in Vietnam, and deputy director of the U.S. Disarmament Administration). Professor U ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institute For Human Security
The Henry J. Leir Institute for Migration and Human Security (formally the Henry J. Leir Institute for Human Security), founded in 2001, is an interdisciplinary education and research organization within The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, at Tufts University. The Leir Institute's mission is to help policymakers and practitioners develop more equitable and sustainable responses to migration and its root causes by employing a human security approach. Leir's research and education also intersect with humanitarianism, development, human rights, and conflict resolution, and the Institute is recognized as a leading academic institution in its field. Activities In pursuit of its mission, Leir’s work has three pillars: 1) connecting experts on migration with experts on drivers of migration, such as conflict, violence, social exclusion, governance failures, and climate change; 2) training policymakers and practitioners to bring a human security lens to migration issues; and, 3) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institute For Business In The Global Context (IBGC)
Institute for Business in the Global Context (IBGC) is an educational organization founded in 2011, devoted to international business studies, within The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, at Tufts University. IBGC houses the school's Master of International Business (MIB), and the Council on Emerging Market Enterprises (CEME). History Prior to foundation In the late 1970s the Fletcher school started to incorporate some international business and finance courses within a curriculum traditionally centered on international politics. In 2007 the Fletcher school created the Master of International Business program (MIB) and the think tank Center for Emerging Market Enterprises (CEME), both of which were launched in the fall 2008 along with several new international business centered initiatives at The Fletcher School. These new initiatives, under the auspices of Dean Stephen W. Bosworth, were part of the Fletcher school's strategy of connecting the study of business with it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Fares Center For Eastern Mediterranean Studies
The Fares Center for Eastern Mediterranean Studies is an interdisciplinary education and research organization founded in 2001, devoted to the regional study of the Eastern Mediterranean within the greater Middle East. The Center is part of The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, at Tufts University. Its aim is the study and understanding the heritage of the Eastern Mediterranean and the challenges it faces in the twenty-first century, being at the crossroads between the academic and policy world. Activities The founding director defined the goal of the center as the pursuit of a cross-regional and cross-cultural analysis, fostering the encounter of a diversity of viewpoints, with the belief that a broad diversity of views serves as an effective means of conflict resolution. The center aims to foster greater understanding of the Middle East to students, notably through studying relationships between the groups involved in Middle Eastern conflicts. Initially the regional foc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
