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Légion Tricolore
The Tricolour Legion (), which existed almost entirely on paper between 22 June 1942 and 28 December 1942, was an initiative of the Vichy government under the auspices of Pierre Laval and his Secretary of State Jacques Benoist-Méchin to politically and militarily co-opt the Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism (Légion des volontaires français contre le bolchevisme (LVF)), created on 8 July 1941. The latter in effect had the status of a private legal group under the exclusive control of French collaborationists, and its combat wing was integrated into the German Army as Infanterie Regiment 638. Goals of the Tricolore Legion *Making of the LVF a French force that could fight for France, according to goals set by France. But the fighters of the LVF served on the Eastern Front (World War II), Eastern Front as the German 638th infantry regiment, which made it impossible to recruit soldiers of the Armistice Army, who were forbidden to serve in a foreign uniform. *Making ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Laval
Pierre Jean Marie Laval (; 28 June 1883 – 15 October 1945) was a French politician. He served as Prime Minister of France three times: 1931–1932 and 1935–1936 during the Third Republic (France), Third Republic, and 1942–1944 during Vichy France. After the war, Laval was tried as a Vichy France#Collaboration with Nazi Germany, Nazi collaborator and executed for treason. A socialist early in his life, Laval became a lawyer in 1909 and was famous for his defence of strikers, trade unionists and leftists from government prosecution. In 1914, he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies (France), Chamber of Deputies as a member of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), and he remained committed to his pacifist convictions during the First World War. After his defeat in the 1919 election, Laval left the SFIO and became mayor of Aubervilliers. In 1924 he returned to the Chamber as an independent, and was elected to the Senate (France), Senate three years later. H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacques Benoist-Méchin
Jacques Michel Gabriel Paul Benoist-Méchin (1 July 1901 – 24 February 1983) was a French far right politician and writer. He was born and died in Paris. Well known as a journalist, he later became prominent for his collaborationism under the Vichy regime. After his conviction in 1947 and release in 1954, in the second part of his life he became a historian, with a focus on the Arab world, and in 1981 won the Prix Broquette-Gonin. Early years Benoist-Méchin was educated at leading schools in Switzerland and the United Kingdom as well as the Lycée Louis-le-Grand before attending the Sorbonne. Philip Rees (1990) '' Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890'', Simon & Schuster, p. 31. He subsequently served in the French Army, spending the period from 1921 to 1923 as part of the forces involved in the occupation of the Rhineland. He then became a journalist, working for the International News Service from 1924 to 1927 and was appointed editor of ''L'Europe No ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legion Of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism
The Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism (, LVF) was a unit of the German Army during World War II consisting of collaborationist volunteers from France. Officially designated the 638th Infantry Regiment (''Infanterieregiment 638''), it was one of several foreign volunteer units formed in German-occupied Western Europe to participate in the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941. Created in July 1941, the LVF originated as an initiative by a coalition of far-right factions including Marcel Déat's National Popular Rally, Jacques Doriot's French Popular Party, Eugène Deloncle's Social Revolutionary Movement and Pierre Costantini's French League. In contrast to the conservative and authoritarian Vichy regime, which considered itself neutral, the LVF's founders explicitly supported Nazi ideology. The LVF was tolerated by Vichy and received limited personal endorsement from its leading figures. Smaller than originally anticipated, the LVF was sent to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LEGION TRICOLORE CONTRE LE BOLCHEVISME POUR LA FRANCE- POUR L'EUROPE, AFF2811
Legion may refer to: Military * Roman legion, the basic military unit of the ancient Roman army *Aviazione Legionaria, Italian air force during the Spanish Civil War * A legion is the regional unit of the Italian carabinieri * Spanish Legion, an elite military unit within the Spanish Army * Condor Legion, a unit of military personnel from the air force and army of Nazi Germany * French Foreign Legion, a part of the French Army, created for foreign nationals willing to serve in the French Armed Forces * International Legion (Ukraine), a Ukrainian foreign volunteer wing of the 2022 Russo-Ukrainian war * HMS ''Legion'' (1914), a Royal Navy World War I destroyer * HMS ''Legion'' (G74), a Royal Navy World War II destroyer sunk in 1942 * Legion of the United States, a reorganization of the United States Army from 1792 to 1796 * Various military legions, often composed of soldiers from a specific ethnic, national, religious or ideological background Veterans' organizations * Ame ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Front (World War II)
The Eastern Front, also known as the Great Patriotic War (term), Great Patriotic War in the Soviet Union and its successor states, and the German–Soviet War in modern Germany and Ukraine, was a Theater (warfare), theatre of World War II fought between the European Axis powers and Allies of World War II, Allies, including the Soviet Union (USSR) and Polish Armed Forces in the East, Poland. It encompassed Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Northern Europe, Northeast Europe (Baltic states, Baltics), and Southeast Europe (Balkans), and lasted from 22 June 1941 to 9 May 1945. Of the estimated World War II casualties, 70–85 million deaths attributed to World War II, around 30 million occurred on the Eastern Front, including 9 million children. The Eastern Front was decisive in determining the outcome in the European theatre of World War II, European theatre of operations in World War II, eventually serving as the main reason for the defeat of Nazi Germany and the Axis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armistice Army
The Armistice Army () was the armed forces of Vichy France permitted under the terms of the Armistice of 22 June 1940. It was officially disbanded in 1942 after the German invasion of the " Free Zone" (''Zone libre'') which was directly ruled by the Vichy regime. At the beginning of 1942, the numbers of the Armistice Army reached 550,000 men, including 21,000 officers. History Article IV of the Armistice of 22 June 1940 allowed for a small French army — the Army of the Armistice (''Armée de l'Armistice'') — stationed in the Zone libre (Unoccupied France), and the French colonial empire overseas.. It was headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain, hero of World War I. The function of these forces was to keep internal order and to defend French territories from Allied assault. The French forces were to remain under the overall direction of the German armed forces. The Armistice Army was a limited force, created in July 1940, following the occupation of metropolitan France by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collaborationist
Wartime collaboration is cooperation with the enemy against one's country of citizenship in wartime. As historian Gerhard Hirschfeld says, it "is as old as war and the occupation of foreign territory". The term ''collaborator'' dates to the 19th century and was used in France during the Napoleonic Wars. The meaning shifted during World War II to designate traitorous collaboration with the enemy. The related term ''collaborationism'' is used by historians who restrict the term to a subset of ideological collaborators in Vichy France who actively promoted German victory. Etymology The term ''collaborate'' dates from 1871, and is a back-formation from collaborator (1802), from the French ''collaborateur''. It was used during the Napoleonic Wars against smugglers trading with England and assisting in the escape of monarchists. It is derived from the Latin ''collaboratus'', past participle of ''collaborare'' "work with", from ''com''- "with" + ''labore'' "to work". The meaning of "t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Éditions L'Harmattan
Éditions L'Harmattan, usually known simply as L'Harmattan (), is one of the largest French book publishers. It specialises in non-fiction books with a particular focus on Sub-Saharan Africa. It is named after the Harmattan, a trade wind in West Africa. Description L'Harmattan was founded in 1975. In 2013 it produced 500 magazines and 2,000 new books per year, both in print and as e-books, and has a backlist of 38,000 books, 33,000 e-books, and 1,700 videos, with about a third each on Europe, Africa, and the rest of the world. A third of its titles are in literature, a tenth in history, and 5 per cent each in philosophy, current affairs, education, politics, sociology, and fine arts. Slightly fewer are published in economics, psychology, ethnology, languages, etc., but even these categories have hundreds of titles, for example 500 in languages, and more languages taught than almost any other publisher. L'Harmattan controls costs by requiring authors to prepare electronic ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Collaboration During World War II
French may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France ** French people, a nation and ethnic group ** French cuisine, cooking traditions and practices Arts and media * The French (band), a British rock band * "French" (episode), a live-action episode of ''The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!'' * ''Française'' (film), a 2008 film * French Stewart (born 1964), American actor Other uses * French (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name) * French (tunic), a type of military jacket or tunic * French's, an American brand of mustard condiment * French (catheter scale), a unit of measurement * French Defence, a chess opening * French kiss, a type of kiss See also * France (other) * Franch, a surname * French Revolution (other) * French River (other), several rivers and other places * Frenching (other) * Justice French (other) Justice French may refer to: * C. G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
