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Lysorophians
Lysorophia is an order of fossorial Carboniferous and Permian tetrapods within the Recumbirostra. Lysorophians resembled small snakes, as their bodies are extremely elongate. There is a single family, the Molgophidae (previously known as Lysorophidae). Currently there are around five genera included within Lysorophia, although many may not be valid. Description The skull is heavily built but with large lateral openings to accommodate jaw musculature, with small orbits restricted to the anterior edge of the large fenestrae. The intertemporal, supratemporal, postfrontal, and jugal bones of the skull have disappeared. The mandibles are short and robust with a small number of large triangular teeth. Although it was initially thought that the maxilla and premaxilla were freely movable, detailed anatomical studies show that this is not the case. The braincase is extremely robust, suggesting that lysorophians engaged in headfirst burrowing. The torso is very elongate, the limbs d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molgophis
''Molgophis'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric amphibian. See also * Prehistoric amphibian * List of prehistoric amphibians References *Carroll, R. L. ''et al.'' (1998Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology Part 1 München:Pfeil. * Lysorophians {{Lepospondyli-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brachydectes Skull
''Brachydectes'' is an extinct genus of lysorophian amphibian that lived from the Carboniferous. It had a very small head A head is the part of an organism which usually includes the ears, brain, forehead, cheeks, chin, eyes, nose, and mouth, each of which aid in various sensory functions such as sight, hearing, smell, and taste. Some very simple animals may ... (skull length about 1.7 cm) and an elongated body up to 43 cm long.http://www.angellis.net/Web/PDfiles/amphs.pdf References * ''Gaining Ground: The Origin and Early Evolution of Tetrapods'' by Jennifer A. Clack * ''Amniote Origins: Completing the Transition to Land'' by Stuart Sumida and Karen L.M Martin Lysorophians Carboniferous amphibians Permian amphibians Paleozoic amphibians of North America Paleozoic amphibians of Europe Prehistoric amphibian genera {{carboniferous-animal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brachydectes
''Brachydectes'' is an extinct genus of lysorophian amphibian that lived from the Carboniferous. It had a very small head A head is the part of an organism which usually includes the ears, brain, forehead, cheeks, chin, eyes, nose, and mouth, each of which aid in various sensory functions such as sight, hearing, smell, and taste. Some very simple animals may no ... (skull length about 1.7 cm) and an elongated body up to 43 cm long.http://www.angellis.net/Web/PDfiles/amphs.pdf References * ''Gaining Ground: The Origin and Early Evolution of Tetrapods'' by Jennifer A. Clack * ''Amniote Origins: Completing the Transition to Land'' by Stuart Sumida and Karen L.M Martin Lysorophians Carboniferous amphibians Permian amphibians Paleozoic amphibians of North America Paleozoic amphibians of Europe Prehistoric amphibian genera {{carboniferous-animal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cocytinus
''Cocytinus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric amphibian. This genus was given the name "Cocytinus" by Edward Drinker Cope. See also * Prehistoric amphibian * List of prehistoric amphibians This list of prehistoric amphibians is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera from the fossil record that have ever been considered to be amphibians, excluding purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted g ... References Lysorophians Fossil taxa described in 1871 Taxa named by Edward Drinker Cope {{Lepospondyli-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Infernovenator
''Infernovenator'' is a genus of Carboniferous lysorophian recumbirostran from the Mazon Creek lagerstätte in Illinois, U.S. It was described in 2019. History of study The holotype, now reposited at the Field Museum The Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH), also known as The Field Museum, is a natural history museum in Chicago, Illinois, and is one of the largest such museums in the world. The museum is popular for the size and quality of its educational ..., was previously described by Godfrey (1997) as an aïstopod, ''Phlegethontia longissama''. Redescription of the specimen led to its identification as a new lysorophian taxon. ''Infernovenator'' is represented only by the holotype, a nearly complete skeleton. The genus name is given for the Latin ''infernum'' ("hell") to refer to the fossorial habitats of the taxon and ''venator'' ("hunter"). The species name honors paleontologist Margaret Clair Steen Brough. Anatomy ''Infernovenator'' is diagnosed by a unique c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lysorophus
''Lysorophus'' is a genus of Lysorophia, extinct Permian Lepospondyl tetrapods. Most of the specimens are found from North America and attributed to the first formally described species ''Lysorophus tricarinatus'' due to the lack of diagnostic characters, but several other species have been described. ''Lysorophus'' were small salamander-like amphibians. They lived in fresh water Fresh water or freshwater is any naturally occurring liquid or frozen water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids. Although the term specifically excludes seawater and brackish water, it does include ..., aestivating in burrows during dry periods.Hembree, D.I. et al., Amphibian burrows and ephemeral ponds of the Lower Permian Speiser Shale, Kansas: evidence for seasonality in the midcontinentPalaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 203 (2004) p.127-152 References Lysorophians Permian amphibians Permian amphibians of North America Taxa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Megamolgophis
''Megamolgophis'' is an extinct genus of eel-like tetrapod, possibly belonging to the group Lysorophia. Fossils from this genus have been found in the Allegheny mountains of the eastern United States. The genus is endemic to geological formations of this area, such as the Greene and Washington formations of the Early Permian Dunkard Group, as well as the Pennsylvanian (Late Carboniferous) Conemaugh Group. If correctly assigned to Lysorophia, members of ''Megamolgophis'' would not only be the largest known lysorophians, but also some of the largest lepospondyls in general. In 1952, Alfred Romer suggested that the holotype may have been 1.3 meters (four feet) in length, similar to the length of an average black snake. However, based on the length of the specimen's ribs, Romer also considered it likely that it was much wider and therefore much heavier in life than a black snake, instead being proportionally similar to an eastern diamondback rattlesnake. It is uncertain whether th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nagini Mazonense
''Nagini'' (from Sanskrit '' Nāgá'', "snake") is an extinct genus of recumbirostran tetrapods from the middle Carboniferous of the Mazon Creek fossil beds, Illinois Illinois ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern United States. Its largest metropolitan areas include the Chicago metropolitan area, and the Metro East section, of Greater St. Louis. Other smaller metropolita ..., United States. The type and only species, ''Nagini mazonense'', was named by Arjan Mann and colleagues in 2022 from two specimens, both of which preserve soft tissue like other fossils from Mazon Creek: MPM VP359229.2 and FMNH PR 1031. It is a member of the Molgophidae, a lineage of amniote-like tetrapods which exhibited a pattern of body elongation and digit reduction on the limbs. ''Nagini'' is the first member of the group that shows the complete loss of the forelimbs and pectoral girdle, but it still has intact hindlimbs; this mirrors the pattern seen in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pleuroptyx
''Pleuroptyx'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric amphibian known from the Late Carboniferous ( Pennsylvanian) of Ohio. The type species is ''Pleuroptyx clavatus''.R. L. Carroll, K. A. Bossy, A. C. Milner, S. M. Andrews, and C. F. Wellstead. 1998. Handbuch der Palaoherpetologie / Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology Teil 1 / Part 1 Lepospondyli: Microsauria, Nectridea, Lysorophia, Adelospondyli, Aistopoda, Acherontiscidae. 1-216. See also * Prehistoric amphibian * List of prehistoric amphibians This list of prehistoric amphibians is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera from the fossil record that have ever been considered to be amphibians, excluding purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted g ... References Lysorophians {{Lepospondyli-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fenestra (anatomy)
A fenestra (fenestration; plural fenestrae or fenestrations) is any small opening or pore, commonly used as a term in the biological sciences. It is the Latin word for "window", and is used in various fields to describe a pore in an anatomical structure. Biological morphology In morphology, fenestrae are found in cancellous bones, particularly in the skull. In anatomy, the round window and oval window are also known as the ''fenestra rotunda'' and the ''fenestra ovalis''. In microanatomy, fenestrae are found in endothelium of fenestrated capillaries, enabling the rapid exchange of molecules between the blood and surrounding tissue. The elastic layer of the tunica intima is a fenestrated membrane. In surgery, a fenestration is a new opening made in a part of the body to enable drainage or access. Plant biology and mycology In plant biology, the perforations in a perforate leaf are also described as fenestrae, and the leaf is called a fenestrate leaf. The leaf window i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skull
The skull is a bone protective cavity for the brain. The skull is composed of four types of bone i.e., cranial bones, facial bones, ear ossicles and hyoid bone. However two parts are more prominent: the cranium and the mandible. In humans, these two parts are the neurocranium and the viscerocranium ( facial skeleton) that includes the mandible as its largest bone. The skull forms the anterior-most portion of the skeleton and is a product of cephalisation—housing the brain, and several sensory structures such as the eyes, ears, nose, and mouth. In humans these sensory structures are part of the facial skeleton. Functions of the skull include protection of the brain, fixing the distance between the eyes to allow stereoscopic vision, and fixing the position of the ears to enable sound localisation of the direction and distance of sounds. In some animals, such as horned ungulates (mammals with hooves), the skull also has a defensive function by providing the mount (on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orbit (anatomy)
In anatomy, the orbit is the cavity or socket of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated. "Orbit" can refer to the bony socket, or it can also be used to imply the contents. In the adult human, the volume of the orbit is , of which the eye occupies . The orbital contents comprise the eye, the orbital and retrobulbar fascia, extraocular muscles, cranial nerves II, III, IV, V, and VI, blood vessels, fat, the lacrimal gland with its sac and duct, the eyelids, medial and lateral palpebral ligaments, cheek ligaments, the suspensory ligament, septum, ciliary ganglion and short ciliary nerves. Structure The orbits are conical or four-sided pyramidal cavities, which open into the midline of the face and point back into the head. Each consists of a base, an apex and four walls."eye, human."Encyclopædia Britannica from Encyclopædia Britannica 2006 Ultimate Reference Suite DVD 2009 Openings There are two important foramina, or windows, two important f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
