Lycaeninae

	Lycaeninae Lycaeninae, the coppers, are a subfamily of the gossamer-winged butterflies (Lycaenidae). The relationships of the Lycaenidae are not fully resolved. Sometimes the Polyommatinae and Theclinae are included in the Lycaeninae; in particular the Theclinae tribe Eumaeini contains many similar taxa. Consequently, the delimitation of the Lycaeninae is by no means definitely resolved; many genera await conformation of placement. Regardless, it is today generally considered better to restrict the Lycaeninae to the immediate relatives of the type genus ''Lycaena'', and one or two clades close to that group.Brower (2008) Taxonomy The Lycaeninae ''sensu stricto'' can be divided into two tribes: Heliophorini * '' Heliophorus'' – sapphires '' Iophanus'' '' Melanolycaena'' Lycaenini * '' Athamanthia'' '' Gaeides'' (often included in ''Lycaena'') '' Hyrcanana'' ''Lycaena'' – typical coppers '' Phoenicurusia'' A few genera included in the Lycaeninae in the m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Gossamer-winged Butterflies Lycaenidae is the second-largest family of butterflies (behind Nymphalidae, brush-footed butterflies), with over 6,000 species worldwide, whose members are also called gossamer-winged butterflies. They constitute about 30% of the known butterfly species. The family comprises seven subfamilies, including the blues ( Polyommatinae), the coppers (Lycaeninae), the hairstreaks ( Theclinae), and the harvesters ( Miletinae). Description, food, and life cycle Adults are small, under 5 cm usually, and brightly coloured, sometimes with a metallic gloss. Lycaenidae wings are generally blue or green. More than half of these butterflies depend on ants in some way. Larvae are often flattened rather than cylindrical, with glands that may produce secretions that attract and subdue ants. Their cuticles tend to be thickened. Some larvae are capable of producing vibrations and low sounds that are transmitted through the substrates they inhabit. They use these sounds to communicate with ants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Lycaenidae Lycaenidae is the second-largest family (biology), family of butterflies (behind Nymphalidae, brush-footed butterflies), with over 6,000 species worldwide, whose members are also called gossamer-winged butterflies. They constitute about 30% of the known butterfly species. The family comprises seven subfamilies, including the blues (Polyommatinae), the coppers (Lycaeninae), the hairstreaks (Theclinae), and the harvesters (Miletinae). Description, food, and life cycle Adults are small, under 5 cm usually, and brightly coloured, sometimes with a metallic gloss. Lycaenidae wings are generally blue or green. More than half of these butterflies depend on ants in some way. Larvae are often flattened rather than cylindrical, with glands that may produce secretions that attract and subdue ants. Their cuticles tend to be thickened. Some larvae are capable of producing vibrations and low sounds that are transmitted through the substrates they inhabit. They use these sounds to commun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Phoenicurusia ''Phoenicurusia'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae Lycaenidae is the second-largest family (biology), family of butterflies (behind Nymphalidae, brush-footed butterflies), with over 6,000 species worldwide, whose members are also called gossamer-winged butterflies. They constitute about 30% of .... References Lycaeninae Lycaenidae genera Taxa named by Ruggero Verity {{Lycaeninae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Athamanthia ''Athamanthia'' is an Eastern Palearctic genus of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. ''Athamanthia'' is differentiated from ''Lycaena'' by characters of the male genitalia. Species * '' Athamanthia athamantis'' (Eversmann, 1854) Turan, Dzhungarsky Alatau * '' Athamanthia rushanica'' Zhdanko, 1990 western Pamirs, Turan, Gissar Range * '' Athamanthia sogdiana'' Zhdanko, 1990 southern Turkmenistan (Badhyz State Nature Reserve), southern Gissar Range * '' Athamanthia churkini'' Zhdanko, 2000 Keke-Meren River, Kirghizia 1650 m * '' Athamanthia phoenicura'' (Lederer, 870 Turkmenia (Kopet Dag), southern Armenia, Turkey, Iran, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Pakistan * '' Athamanthia dimorpha'' (Staudinger, 1881) northern Iran, northern and western Tian-Shan, Dzhungarsky Alatau, Saur Mountains, Tarbagatai Mountains, southern Altay Mountains, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, southwestern Mongolia * '' Athamanthia japhetica'' (Nekrutenko & Effendi, 1983) Azerbaijan * '' Athamanthia issykkuli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Iophanus ''Iophanus'' is a monotypic butterfly genus in the family Lycaenidae described by Max Wilhelm Karl Draudt in 1920. The single species of this genus, ''Iophanus pyrrhias'', the Guatemalan copper, was described by Frederick DuCane Godman and Osbert Salvin in 1887. It is found in Guatemala, the highlands of Chiapas, Mexico, and apparently in a few other areas of the Neotropical realm The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropics, tropical Ecoregion#Terrestrial, terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperat .... Description ''Iophanus pyrrhias'' is a small butterfly. The hindwing ends in a short tail. The upperside is brown, with a distinct purple-metallic sheen on the males. The females are dull brown except for an iridescent blue field at the base of the forewings. Along the rear edge is an orange zigzag. The underside of the forewings is dull yellow with br ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Heliophorus Ila ''Heliophorus'' is a genus of lycaenid butterflies Butterflies are winged insects from the lepidopteran superfamily Papilionoidea, characterized by large, often brightly coloured wings that often fold together when at rest, and a conspicuous, fluttering flight. The oldest butterfly fossi .... It is distributed in tropical Asia. Species There are 19 recognized species: References * Lycaenidae genera Lycaeninae Taxa named by Carl Geyer {{Lycaeninae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Hyrcanana ''Hyrcanana'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae Lycaenidae is the second-largest family (biology), family of butterflies (behind Nymphalidae, brush-footed butterflies), with over 6,000 species worldwide, whose members are also called gossamer-winged butterflies. They constitute about 30% of .... Species * '' Hyrcanana caspius'' (Lederer, 1869) * '' Hyrcanana ophion'' Hemming, 1933 * '' Hyrcanana sartha'' (Staudinger, 1886) References Lycaeninae Lycaenidae genera {{Lycaeninae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Gaeides Gaeides is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. There are currently three known species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...:CoL (2007) * '' Gaeides dione'' * '' Gaeides gibboni'' * '' Gaeides gorogon'' Footnotes References * (2007)''Gaeides'' Retrieved 17 May 2008. Lycaenidae Lycaeninae Lycaenidae genera Taxa named by Samuel Hubbard Scudder {{Lycaeninae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]