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Luton Railway Station
Luton railway station (formerly Luton Midland Road) is located in the town centre of Luton, Bedfordshire, England. The station is about three minutes' walk from The Mall (Luton), The Mall Shopping Centre. It is situated on the Midland Main Line and is operated by Thameslink and Great Northern, Thameslink. History Luton station was built by the Midland Railway in 1868 on its extension to St Pancras railway station, St. Pancras. For some years, it was known as Luton Midland Road to distinguish it from the earlier , which was built in 1858 on the Great Northern Railway (Great Britain), GNR line from Hertford North railway station, Hertford North to Leighton Buzzard. A public area, known as the ''Great Moor'', had to be built through; the remainder of the land was bought for development by John Crawley, who provided a replacement in what is known as the ''People's Park''. This proved a worthwhile investment because, as the town's staple trade in straw hats diminished as they went o ...
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Luton
Luton () is a town and borough in Bedfordshire, England. The borough had a population of 225,262 at the 2021 census. Luton is on the River Lea, about north-west of London. The town's foundation dates to the sixth century as a Saxon settlement on the river, from which Luton derives its name. Luton is recorded in the Domesday Book as ''Loitone'' and ''Lintone''. One of the largest churches in Bedfordshire, St Mary's Church, was built in the 12th century. There are local museums which explore Luton's history in Wardown Park and Stockwood Park. Luton was once known for hatmaking and also had a large Vauxhall Motors factory. Car production at the plant began in 1905 and continued until its closure in 2002. Production of commercial vehicles continues and the head office of Vauxhall Motors is in the village of Chalton on the northern border of the borough . London Luton Airport opened in 1938 and is now one of Britain's major airports, with three railway stations also in th ...
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Signal Passed At Danger
A signal passed at danger (SPAD) is an event on a railway where a train passes a stop signal without authority. This is also known as running a red, in the United States as a stop signal overrun (SSO) and in Canada as passing a stop signal. SPAD is defined by Directive 2014/88/EU as any occasion when any part of a train proceeds beyond its authorised movement. Unauthorised movement means to pass: * ''a trackside colour light signal or semaphore at danger, or an order to STOP where a Train Protection system (TPS) is not operational,'' * ''the end of a safety related movement authority provided in a TPS,'' * ''a point communicated by verbal or written authorisation laid down in regulations,'' * ''stop boards (buffer stops are not included) or hand signals.'' Etymology The name derives from red colour light signals and horizontal semaphore signals in the United Kingdom, which are said to be ''at danger'' when they indicate that trains must stop (also known as the signal bei ...
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Crawley Railway Station
Crawley railway station is a railway station serving the town of Crawley in West Sussex, England. It is down the line from , measured via Redhill. It is operated by Southern. The station is the last stop on the Arun Valley Line before it joins the Brighton Main Line. History The single track branch line of the London Brighton and South Coast Railway between Three Bridges and Horsham was opened on 14 February 1848. Crawley and Faygate were intermediate stations, each with two platforms to enable trains to pass. The line was doubled throughout during 1862 to coincide with the extension of the railway from Horsham to the Arun Valley. The first Crawley station was situated immediately adjacent to the main High Street, with station buildings on the north side of the railway line. With the continued development of the New Town during the 1950s and 1960s it soon became clear that the station was too small, and a new station building was opened 28 July 1968 at the current site. ...
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Horsham Railway Station
Horsham railway station serves the town of Horsham in West Sussex, England. It is down the line from , measured via , on the Arun Valley Line and the Sutton & Mole Valley Lines, and train services are provided by Southern (train operating company), Southern and Thameslink. Services on the Sutton & Mole Valley Line from London Victoria via Dorking terminate here, as do Thameslink services from Peterborough via London Bridge. The other services, which begin at London Victoria divide here and continue into the Arun Valley: Rear portions of trains call at all stations to , and the front portions travel non-stop Barnham railway station, Barnham, before then proceeding onto . Outside the station a small Taxi rank is found. There is also bus links to Crawley and Horsham bus stations. History Horsham would have been an important midway point in two of the original proposals for a London to Brighton railway via the River Adur, Adur valley but in the event Sir John Rennie the Younger, ...
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Three Bridges Railway Station
Three Bridges railway station is a railway station located in and named after the village of Three Bridges, West Sussex, Three Bridges, which is now a district of the town of Crawley, West Sussex, England. This station is where the Arun Valley Line and the Brighton Main Line diverge. Thameslink operate the majority of services at the station, with half-hourly services between and , Bedford and Three Bridges, and Brighton, and and . A half hourly Southern (Govia Thameslink Railway), Southern service also operates between here and London Victoria station, London Victoria, with trains dividing here to serve either Portsmouth Harbour or Bognor Regis. On Sundays a half-hourly Southern service operates between Brighton and London Victoria. It is down the line from via . Three Bridges Depot is situated to the south of the station, the main depot for Thameslink Class 700s south of London. A Network Rail signalling centre is also found nearby. History The original Italianate archit ...
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Electric Multiple Unit
An electric multiple unit or EMU is a multiple-unit train consisting of self-propelled carriages using electricity as the motive power. An EMU requires no separate locomotive, as electric traction motors are incorporated within one or a number of the carriages. An EMU is usually formed of two or more semi-permanently coupled carriages. However, electrically powered single-unit railcars are also generally classed as EMUs. The vast majority of EMUs are passenger trains but versions also exist for carrying mail. EMUs are popular on intercity, commuter, and suburban rail networks around the world due to their fast acceleration and pollution-free operation, and are used on most rapid-transit systems. Being quieter than diesel multiple units (DMUs) and locomotive-hauled trains, EMUs can operate later at night and more frequently without disturbing nearby residents. In addition, tunnel design for EMU trains is simpler as no provision is needed for exhausting fumes, although retrofitting ...
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Thameslink
Thameslink is a mainline route on the British railway network, running from , , , , , and via central London to , , , Rainham, , , and . The network opened as a through service in 1988, with severe overcrowding by 1998, carrying more than 28,000 passengers in the morning peak. All the services are currently operated by Govia Thameslink Railway. Parts of the network, from to , run 24 hours a day, except on early Sunday mornings and during maintenance periods. The Thameslink Programme was a major £5.5billion scheme to increase capacity on the central London section by accommodating more frequent and longer trains, and providing additional routes and destinations. The new services began operating in 2018. In 2016, new trains started operating on the route and replaced the , and trains which were withdrawn and transferred elsewhere. Route Much of the original route is over the Brighton Main Line (via London Bridge) and the southern part of the Midland Main Line, plus a ...
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East Midlands Railway
East Midlands Railway (EMR; legally Transport UK East Midlands Limited) is a British train operating company owned by Transport UK Group, and is the current operator of the East Midlands franchise. Originally owned by Abellio (transport company), Abellio, EMR took over operations from East Midlands Trains (EMT) on 18 August 2019, on an agreement to run the franchise for eight years. As part of the franchise commitments, EMR placed an order for 33 new bi-mode British Rail Class 810, Class 810 ''Aurora'' high speed train sets, and sourced over 40 pre-existing British Rail Class 170, Class 170 ''Turbostar'' diesel multiple units from other operators. During early 2020, passenger numbers and ticket revenues collapsed following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to the original franchise agreement being initially suspended before being replaced entirely. Under the new National Rail Contract signed in 2022, the franchise is to last until October 2030. In February 2023, Trans ...
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Plusbus
Plusbus is an add-on ticket, which can be purchased with National Rail train tickets in the United Kingdom. It allows unlimited travel on participating bus and tram operators' services in the whole urban area of rail-served towns and cities. History The Plusbus scheme was launched in October 2002 across an initial 35 railway stations. Since 2021, the scheme has been oprerated by Traveline, and was previously administered by Journey Solutions, a not for profit partnership of bus operators Arriva, FirstGroup, Go-Ahead, National Express and Stagecoach, the Confederation of Passenger Transport and the Rail Delivery Group.Home
Plusbus
Plusbus won the International Road Transport Union Eurochallenge Award in 2007 for its model of private partnership providing outstanding social and customer value.


Rail and bus ticketing

Plusbus is available in 29 ...
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Vauxhall Motors
Vauxhall Motors Limited , ;Company No. 00135767. Incorporated 12 May 1914, name changed from Vauxhall Motors Limited to General Motors UK Limited on 16 April 2008, reverted to Vauxhall Motors Limited on 18 September 2017. is a British Automotive industry, car company headquartered in Chalton, Bedfordshire, Chalton, Bedfordshire, England. Vauxhall became a subsidiary of PSA Group in 2017, and later, its successor Stellantis in January 2021, having previously been owned by General Motors since 1925. Vauxhall is one of the oldest established vehicle manufacturers and distribution companies in the United Kingdom. It sells passenger cars, and electric and light commercial vehicles under the Vauxhall marque nationally, and used to sell vans, buses, and trucks under the Bedford Vehicles, Bedford brand. Vauxhall was founded by Alexander Wilson in 1857 as a pump and marine engine manufacturer. It was purchased by Andrew Betts Brown in 1863, who began producing travelling cranes under t ...
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Telescoping (railway)
In a railway accident, telescoping occurs when the underframe of one vehicle overrides that of another, and smashes through the second vehicle's body. The term is derived from the resulting appearance of the two vehicle bodies: the body of one vehicle may appear to be slid inside the other like the tubes of a collapsible telescope – the body sides, roof and underframe of the latter vehicle being forced apart from each other. Telescoping often results in heavy fatalities if the cars telescoped are fully occupied. The car riding on top will often destroy the structure of the car below, crushing those on board (although the physics of the incident may reverse the cars' roles). The chances of telescoping can be reduced by use of anticlimbers and other structural systems which direct crash energy and debris away from the passenger and crew areas. One such energy absorbing system is the Green Buffer, winners of the 2023 Swedish Steel Prize, where a collapsing steel structure in ...
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