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Lucius Volusius Saturninus (consul 12 BC)
Lucius Volusius Saturninus, also known as Lucius VolusiusTacitus, ''Annales'' XII.22 (died AD 20)Tacitus, ''Annales'', III.30 was a Roman Senator from the powerful plebeian Volusia gens, or family. He was a cousin of emperor Tiberius. Biography Early life Volusius came from an ancient and distinguished Senatorial family, that according to Tacitus (56 – 120) had never risen above the praetorship until then. His father was Quintus Volusius a prefect who served under Cicero in 51 BC to 50 BC in Cilicia and was a pupil of his in oratory. His mother was Claudia, aunt of the future Roman emperor Tiberius.Syme, ''Aristocracy'', p. 56 He had a sister named was Volusia Saturnina.Rickman, ''Roman Granaries and Store Buildings'', p. 169 Career Volusius was a homo novus, the first member of his family to serve as a suffect consul in 12 BC, replacing Publius Sulpicius Quirinius. According to Tacitus, he held censorial functions for the selection of equestrians as members of the judic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dupondius
The ''dupondius'' (Latin ''two-pounder'') was a brass coin used during the Roman Republic and Roman Empire valued at 2 '' asses'' (4/5 of a ''sestertius'' or 1/5 of a ''denarius'' during the Republic and 1/2 of a ''sestertius'' or 1/8 of a ''denarius'' during the time of Augustus). The ''dupondius'' was introduced during the Roman Republic as a large bronze cast coin, although even at introduction it weighed less than 2 Roman pounds (''librae''). The initial coins featured the bust of Roma on the obverse and a six-spoked wheel on the reverse. A loaf of bread or a ''sextarius'' ( L) of wine cost roughly one ''dupondius'' at the height of the Roman Empire, though due to the debasement of the ''denarius'' over the following century, the ''dupondius'' was discarded. With the coinage reform of Augustus in about 23 BC, the ''sestertius'' and ''dupondius'' were produced in a type of brass called orichalcum by the Romans and numismatists, while lower denominations were produced out ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cilicia
Cilicia () is a geographical region in southern Anatolia, extending inland from the northeastern coasts of the Mediterranean Sea. Cilicia has a population ranging over six million, concentrated mostly at the Cilician plain (). The region includes the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay. Name The name of Cilicia () was derived from (), which was the name used by the Neo-Assyrian Empire to designate the western part of what would become Cilicia. The English spelling is the same as the Latin, as it was transliterated directly from the Greek form Κιλικία. The palatalization of c occurring in Western Europe in later Vulgar Latin () accounts for its modern pronunciation in English. Geography Cilicia extends along the Mediterranean coast east from Pamphylia to the Nur Mountains, which separate it from Syria. North and east of Cilicia stand the rugged Taurus Mountains, which separate it from the high central plateau of Anatolia, and which are pierced by a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Roman Governors Of Syria
This is a list of governors of the Syria (Roman province), Roman province of Syria. From 27 BC, the province was governed by an Legatus Augusti pro praetore, imperial legate of consular rank. The province was divided in AD 193 into Syria Coele and Syria Phoenicia. In c. 415 AD, Syria Coele was divided into Syria Prima and Syria Secunda. During the reign of Theodosius the Great, Theodosius I (379 – 395), Syria Phoenicia was divided into Phoenicia Maritima and Phoenicia Libanensis. Proconsular governors of Syria (65–27 BC) * 65–62: Marcus Aemilius Scaurus (praetor 56 BC), Marcus Aemilius Scaurus * 61–60: Lucius Marcius Philippus (consul 56 BC), Lucius Marcius Philippus * 59–58: Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus * 57–54: Aulus Gabinius * 54–53: Marcus Licinius Crassus * 53–51: Gaius Cassius Longinus * 51–50: Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus * 50/49: Fabricius Veiento * 49–48: Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio, Metellus Scipio * 47–46: Sextus Julius Caesar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hadrumetum
Hadrumetum, also known by #Names, many variant spellings and names, was a Phoenician Phoenician colonies, colony that pre-dated Carthage. It subsequently became one of the most important cities in Roman Africa before Vandal Kingdom, Vandal and Umayyad Caliphate, Umayyad conquerors left it ruined. In the early modern period, it was the village of Hammeim, now part of Sousse, Tunisia. Hadrumetum Punic inscriptions, A number of punic steles were found during excavations at the site of the modern day . Names The Phoenician language, Phoenician and Punic language, Punic name for the place was (), "Southern", or (), "The Southern". A similar structure appears in the Phoenician name for old Cadiz, which appears as ''Gadir'' ("Stronghold") or ''Agadir'' ("The Stronghold"). The ancient transcriptions of the name show a great deal of variation. Different ancient Greek geography, Greeks hellenization, hellenized the name as ''Adrýmē'' (),. ''Adrýmēs'' (), ''Adrýmēton'' (), ''Adrý ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Africa (Roman Province)
Africa was a Roman province on the northern coast of the continent of Africa. It was established in 146 BC, following the Roman Republic's conquest of ancient Carthage, Carthage in the Third Punic War. It roughly comprised the territory of present-day Tunisia, the northeast of Algeria, and the coast of western Libya along the Gulf of Sidra. The territory was originally and still is inhabited by Berbers, known in Latin as the Numidians, Numidae and Mauri, Maurii'','' indigenous to all of North Africa west of Egypt. In the 9th century BC, Semitic-speaking Phoenicians from the Levant built coastal settlements across the Mediterranean to support and expand their shipping networks. In the 8th century BC, the settlement of Carthage became the predominant Phoenician colony. Roman Empire, Rome began expanding into the Province of Africa after annexing Ancient Carthage, Carthage in 146 BC at the end of the Punic Wars, and later into Numidia in 25 BC, establishing Roman colon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proconsul
A proconsul was an official of ancient Rome who acted on behalf of a Roman consul, consul. A proconsul was typically a former consul. The term is also used in recent history for officials with delegated authority. In the Roman Republic, military command, or ''imperium'', could be exercised constitutionally only by a consul. Only two consuls served at a time, each elected to a one-year term. They could not normally serve two terms in a row; if a military campaign was in progress at the end of a consul's term, the consul in command might have his command Prorogatio, prorogued, allowing him to continue in command. This custom allowed for continuity of command despite the high turnover of consuls. In the Roman Empire, proconsul was a title held by a civil governor and did not imply military command. In modern times, various officials with notable delegated authority have been referred to as proconsuls. Studies of leadership typically divide leaders into policymakers and subordinate a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Septemviri Epulonum
The (Latin for "feasters"; sing. ''epulo'') was a religious organization of Ancient Rome. They arranged feasts and public banquets at festivals and games (''ludi''). They constituted one of the four great religious corporations (''quattuor amplissima collegia'') of ancient Roman priests. Establishment and influence The college was founded in 196 BC due to a law passed by Gaius Licinius Lucullus. The need for such a college arose as the increasingly elaborate festivals required experts to oversee their organization. They were tasked with attending and managing banquets known as ''epulum'' which were dedicated to the gods. One major epulum was the ''epulum jovis'' which was dedicated to Jupiter. Previously these banquets were managed by the '' pontiffs.'' There were four great religious corporations (''quattuor amplissima collegia'') of ancient Roman priests; the two most important were the College of Pontiffs and the college of augurs; the fourth was the ''quindecimviri sacri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Equites
The (; , though sometimes referred to as " knights" in English) constituted the second of the property/social-based classes of ancient Rome, ranking below the senatorial class. A member of the equestrian order was known as an (). Description During the Roman Kingdom and the first century of the Roman Republic, legionary cavalry was recruited exclusively from the ranks of the patricians, who were expected to provide six (hundreds) of cavalry (300 horses for each consular legion). Around 400BC, 12 more of cavalry were established and these included non-patricians (plebeians). Around 300 BC the Samnite Wars obliged Rome to double the normal annual military levy from two to four legions, doubling the cavalry levy from 600 to 1,200 horses. Legionary cavalry started to recruit wealthier citizens from outside the 18 . These new recruits came from the first class of commoners in the Centuriate Assembly organisation, and were not granted the same privileges. By the time of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ronald Syme
Sir Ronald Syme, (11 March 1903 – 4 September 1989) was a New Zealand-born historian and classicist. He was regarded as the greatest historian of ancient Rome since Theodor Mommsen and the most brilliant exponent of the history of the Roman Empire since Edward Gibbon. His great work was '' The Roman Revolution'' (1939), a masterly and controversial analysis of Roman political life in the period following the assassination of Julius Caesar. Life Syme was born to David and Florence Syme in Eltham, New Zealand in 1903, where he attended primary. He then attended high school at Stratford District High School, where a teacher noticed his talent and interest in languages. A bad case of measles seriously damaged his vision during this period. He moved to New Plymouth Boys' High School (a house of which bears his name today) at the age of 15, and was head of his class for both of his two years. He continued to the University of Auckland and Victoria University of Wellington, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Publius Sulpicius Quirinius
Publius Sulpicius Quirinius (c. 51 BC – AD 21), also translated as Cyrenius, was a Roman aristocrat. After the banishment of the ethnarch Herod Archelaus from the tetrarchy of Judea in AD 6, Quirinius was appointed legate governor of Syria, to which the province of Judaea had been added for the purpose of a census. Life Born into an undistinguished family, son of Publius Sulpicius Quirinius and paternal grandson of Publius Sulpicius Quirinius, from Gens Sulpicia, in the neighbourhood of Lanuvium, a Latin town near Rome, Quirinius followed the normal pathway of service for an ambitious young man of his social class. According to the Roman historian Florus, Quirinius defeated the Marmaridae, a tribe of desert raiders from Cyrenaica, possibly while governor of Crete and Cyrene around 14 BC, but nonetheless declined the honorific name "Marmaricus". In 12 BC he was named consul, a sign that he enjoyed the favour of Augustus. Sometime between 12 and 1 BC, he led a campaign ag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suffect Consul
The consuls were the highest elected public officials of the Roman Republic ( to 27 BC). Romans considered the consulship the second-highest level of the ''cursus honorum''an ascending sequence of public offices to which politicians aspiredafter that of the censor, which was reserved for former consuls. Each year, the Centuriate Assembly elected two consuls to serve jointly for a one-year term. The consuls alternated each month holding '' fasces'' (taking turns leading) when both were in Rome. A consul's ''imperium'' (military power) extended over Rome and all its provinces. Having two consuls created a check on the power of any one individual, in accordance with the republican belief that the powers of the former kings of Rome should be spread out into multiple offices. To that end, each consul could veto the actions of the other consul. After the establishment of the Empire (27 BC), the consuls became mere symbolic representatives of Rome's republican heritage and hel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Homo Novus
''Homo'' () is a genus of great ape (family Hominidae) that emerged from the genus ''Australopithecus'' and encompasses only a single extant species, ''Homo sapiens'' (modern humans), along with a number of extinct species (collectively called archaic humans) classified as either ancestral or closely related to modern humans; these include ''Homo erectus'' and '' Homo neanderthalensis''. The oldest member of the genus is '' Homo habilis'', with records of just over 2 million years ago. ''Homo'', together with the genus ''Paranthropus'', is probably most closely related to the species ''Australopithecus africanus'' within ''Australopithecus''.'''' The closest living relatives of ''Homo'' are of the genus '' Pan'' (chimpanzees and bonobos), with the ancestors of ''Pan'' and ''Homo'' estimated to have diverged around 5.7–11 million years ago during the Late Miocene. ''H. erectus'' appeared about 2 million years ago and spread throughout Africa (debatably as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
