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Lq2
Lq2 is a component of the venom of the scorpion '' Leiurus quinquestriatus''. It blocks various potassium channels, among others the inward-rectifier potassium ion channel ROMK1. Alternative names Lq2 is also known as Potassium channel toxin alpha-KTx 1.2, Charybdotoxin-2, ChTX-Lq2, ChTx-d, Toxin 18-2 or Lqh 18-2. Etymology The name Lq2 refers to the name of the animal species in which the toxin can be found. Lq2 can be found in the scorpion '' Leiurus quinquestriatus'' (Lq). Lq2 is structurally similar to Lq1, which had been found previously and which is also a potassium channel blocker. Sources Lq2 is a component of the venom of the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus, known under various names, for example the deathstalker, the Israeli desert scorpion or the yellow scorpion. Structure Lq2 is a small peptide of 37 amino acids. Lq2 contains the classical scorpion toxin alpha-beta scaffold and is structurally similar to the neurotoxin Charybdotoxin (CTX). Lq2 consists of an α-he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leiurus Quinquestriatus
The deathstalker (''Leiurus quinquestriatus'') is a species of scorpion, a member of the family Buthidae. It is also known as the Palestine yellow scorpion, Omdurman scorpion, and Naqab desert scorpion, as well as by many other colloquial names, which generally originate from the commercial captive trade of the animal. To eliminate confusion, especially important with potentially dangerous species, the scientific name is normally used to refer to them. The name ''Leiurus quinquestriatus'' roughly translates into English as "five-striped smooth-tail". In 2014, the subspecies ''L. q. hebraeus'' was separated from it and elevated to its own species '' Leiurus hebraeus''. Other species of the genus '' Leiurus'' are also often referred to as "deathstalkers". ''Leiurus quinquestriatus'' is yellow, and long, with an average of . Distribution and habitat ''Leiurus quinquestriatus'' can be found in desert and scrubland habitats ranging from North Africa through to the Middle East. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scorpion
Scorpions are predatory arachnids of the Order (biology), order Scorpiones. They have eight legs and are easily recognized by a pair of Chela (organ), grasping pincers and a narrow, segmented tail, often carried in a characteristic forward curve over the back and always ending with a stinger. The evolutionary history of scorpions goes back Silurian, 435 million years. They mainly live in deserts but have adapted to a wide range of environmental conditions, and can be found on all continents except Antarctica. There are over 2,500 described species, with 22 extant (living) families recognized to date. Their Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy is being revised to account for 21st-century genomic studies. Scorpions primarily prey on insects and other invertebrates, but some species hunt vertebrates. They use their pincers to restrain and kill prey, or to prevent their own predation. The Scorpion sting, venomous sting is used for offense and defense. During courtship, the male and female ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inward-rectifier Potassium Ion Channel
Inward-rectifier potassium channels (Kir, IRK) are a specific Lipid-gated_ion_channels, lipid-gated subset of potassium channels. To date, seven subfamilies have been identified in various mammalian cell types, plants, and bacteria. They are activated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, PIP2). The malfunction of the channels has been implicated in several diseases. IRK channels possess a pore domain, homologous to that of voltage-gated ion channels, and flanking transmembrane domain, transmembrane segments (TMSs). They may exist in the membrane as Homo-oligomer, homo- or Hetero-oligomers, heterooligomers and each monomer possesses between 2 and 4 TMSs. In terms of function, these proteins transport potassium, potassium (K+), with a greater tendency for K+ uptake than K+ export. The process of inward-rectification was discovered by Denis Noble in cardiac muscle cells in 1960s and by Richard Adrian, 2nd Baron Adrian, Richard Adrian and Ala ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ROMK
The renal outer medullary potassium channel (ROMK) is an ATP-dependent potassium channel (Kir1.1) that transports potassium out of cells. It plays an important role in potassium recycling in the thick ascending limb (TAL) and potassium secretion in the cortical collecting duct (CCD) of the nephron. In humans, ROMK is encoded by the ''KCNJ1'' (potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 1) gene. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Function Potassium channels are present in most mammalian cells, where they participate in a wide range of physiologic responses. The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein and inward-rectifier type potassium channel. It is inhibited by internal ATP and probably plays an important role in potassium homeostasis. The encoded protein has a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into a cell rather than out of a cell, which has (hence the term "inwardly recti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pharmacological Reviews
''Pharmacological Reviews'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing review articles on all aspects of pharmacology and related topics. It is published by the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. The editor-in-chief is Lynette C. Daws ( The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio). According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2023 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a type of journal ranking. Journals with higher impact factor values are considered more prestigious or important within their field. The Impact Factor of a journa ... of 19.3. References External links * Pharmacology journals Academic journals established in 1949 Quarterly journals English-language journals Academic journals published by learned and professional societies Review journals {{pharma-journal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PDB 1lir EBI
PDB or pdb may refer to: Organizations * Party of German-speaking Belgians (German: '), a former Belgian political party * Promised Day Brigade, a former Iraqi organization Science and technology * Protein Data Bank, a biological molecule database ** Protein Data Bank (file format) * Potato dextrose broth, a microbiological growth medium * Pee Dee Belemnite, a reference standard for isotopes; see ''δ''13C Computing * PDB (Palm OS), a record database format * Pluggable database, in Oracle Database * Program database, a debugging information format * Python Debugger (pdb), of the Python programming language; see Stepping Other uses * Chess Problem Database Server (PDB Server), a repository for chess problems * Pousette-Dart Band, an American band * President's Daily Brief, a US intelligence document See also * 1,4-Dichlorobenzene or ''para''-dichlorobenzene (PDCB), a chemical * Bangladesh Power Development Board The Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB) is a governmen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charybdotoxin
Charybdotoxin (ChTX) is a 37 amino acid neurotoxin from the venom of the scorpion '' Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus'' (''deathstalker'') that blocks calcium-activated potassium channels. This blockade causes hyperexcitability of the nervous system. It is a close homologue of agitoxin and both toxins come from ''Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus''. It is named after Charybdis, a sea monster from Greek myth. Chemical properties Family The Charybdotoxin family of scorpion toxins is a group of small peptides that has many family members, such as the pandinotoxin, derived from the venom of scorpion Pandinus imperator. Structure Scorpions such as the deathstalker paralyze their prey by injecting a potent mix of peptide toxins. Charybdotoxin, a 37 amino acid, 4 kDa neurotoxin with the molecular formula C176H277N57O55S7, is one of the peptide toxins that can be extracted from the venom of the scorpion. Its structure is very similar to that of margatoxin. Charybdotoxin contains thre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
α-helix
An alpha helix (or α-helix) is a sequence of amino acids in a protein that are twisted into a coil (a helix). The alpha helix is the most common structural arrangement in the Protein secondary structure, secondary structure of proteins. It is also the most extreme type of local structure, and it is the local structure that is most easily predicted from a sequence of amino acids. The alpha helix has a right-handed helix conformation in which every backbone amino, N−H group hydrogen bonds to the backbone carbonyl, C=O group of the amino acid that is four residue (biochemistry), residues earlier in the protein sequence. Other names The alpha helix is also commonly called a: * Pauling–Corey–Branson α-helix (from the names of three scientists who described its structure) * 3.613-helix because there are 3.6 amino acids in one ring, with 13 atoms being involved in the ring formed by the hydrogen bond (starting with amidic hydrogen and ending with carbonyl oxygen) Discovery ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
β-sheet
The beta sheet (β-sheet, also β-pleated sheet) is a common structural motif, motif of the regular protein secondary structure. Beta sheets consist of beta strands (β-strands) connected laterally by at least two or three backbone chain, backbone hydrogen bonds, forming a generally twisted, pleated sheet. A β-strand is a stretch of peptide, polypeptide chain typically 3 to 10 amino acids long with backbone in an extended conformational isomerism, conformation. The supramolecular association of β-sheets has been implicated in the formation of the Amyloid fibril, fibrils and Amyloid plaques, protein aggregates observed in amyloidosis, Alzheimer's disease and other Proteinopathy, proteinopathies. History The first β-sheet structure was proposed by William Astbury in the 1930s. He proposed the idea of hydrogen bonding between the peptide bonds of parallel or antiparallel extended β-strands. However, Astbury did not have the necessary data on the bond geometry of the amino acids ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potassium Channels
Potassium channels are the most widely distributed type of ion channel found in virtually all organisms. They form potassium-selective pores that span cell membranes. Potassium channels are found in most cell types and control a wide variety of cell functions. Function Potassium channels function to conduct potassium ions down their electrochemical gradient, doing so both rapidly (up to the diffusion rate of K+ ions in bulk water) and selectively (excluding, most notably, sodium despite the sub-angstrom difference in ionic radius). Biologically, these channels act to set or reset the resting potential in many cells. In excitable cells, such as neurons, the delayed counterflow of potassium ions shapes the action potential. By contributing to the regulation of the cardiac action potential duration in cardiac muscle, malfunction of potassium channels may cause life-threatening arrhythmias. Potassium channels may also be involved in maintaining vascular tone. They also regu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
