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Low Emission Buses In London
There are 3,826 hybrid buses, 1,397 battery electric buses, and 20 Fuel cell bus, hydrogen fuel cell buses operating in London, as of March 2024, out of a total bus fleet of 8,776 – this is around 60% of the bus fleet. , the battery electric fleet of the city is the second largest in Europe behind that of Moscow, Electric buses in Moscow, which has over 2,300 electric buses operating. Transport for London (TfL) note that the bus fleet has lower carbon dioxide emissions per passenger kilometre of than other major cities such as New York City, New York, Paris and Vancouver. In 2021, it was announced that all buses in the fleet meet or exceed Euro VI emission standards, following the phasing out of older buses, the retrofitting of diesel vehicles and the introduction of new hybrid and electric buses. From 2021, all new buses will be zero emission, and the entire bus fleet will be zero emission by 2034, although TfL have stated that with additional funding, this could be achieved ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
20200916 RATP London BCE47005 (cropped)
__NOTOC__ Year 916 (Roman numerals, CMXVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Sicilian Berbers in Agrigento revolt and depose the independent Emir Ahmed ibn Khorob. They offer Emirate of Sicily, Sicily to the Fatimid Caliphate in Ifriqiya (modern Tunisia). Caliph Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah welcomes this turn of events, but refuses to grant the Berber rulers their autonomy. He sends a Fatimid expeditionary force under Abu Said Musa which lands in Sicily and, with some difficulty, takes control of the island. Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah appoints Salam ibn Rashid as the emir of Sicily. Ahmed ibn Khorob is dispatched to Raqqada and executed. Britain * Lady Æthelflæd, daughter of the late King Alfred the Great and the widow of Earl Æthelred of Mercia, sends an army into Brycheiniog to avenge the murder of the Mercian abbot Ecbryht and his companions. They seize and burn the royal fort of King Tewdr of Brycheiniog at Llangors ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrogen
Hydrogen is a chemical element; it has chemical symbol, symbol H and atomic number 1. It is the lightest and abundance of the chemical elements, most abundant chemical element in the universe, constituting about 75% of all baryon, normal matter. Under standard conditions, hydrogen is a gas of diatomic molecules with the chemical formula, formula , called dihydrogen, or sometimes hydrogen gas, molecular hydrogen, or simply hydrogen. Dihydrogen is colorless, odorless, non-toxic, and highly combustible. Stars, including the Sun, mainly consist of hydrogen in a plasma state, while on Earth, hydrogen is found as the gas (dihydrogen) and in molecular forms, such as in water and organic compounds. The most common isotope of hydrogen (H) consists of one proton, one electron, and no neutrons. Hydrogen gas was first produced artificially in the 17th century by the reaction of acids with metals. Henry Cavendish, in 1766–1781, identified hydrogen gas as a distinct substance and discovere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euro IV
The European emission standards are vehicle emission standards that regulate pollution from the use of new land surface vehicles sold in the European Union and European Economic Area member states and the United Kingdom, and ships in European territorial waters. These standards target air pollution from exhaust gases, brake dust, and tyre rubber pollution, and are defined through a series of European Union directives that progressively introduce stricter limits to reduce environmental impact. Euro 7, agreed in 2024 and due to come into force in 2026, includes non-exhaust emissions such as particulates from tyres and brakes. Until 2030 fossil fueled vehicles are allowed to have dirtier brakes than electric vehicles. Background In the European Union, emissions of nitrogen oxides (), total hydrocarbon (THC), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM) are regulated for most vehicle types, including cars, trucks (lorries), loc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euro II
The European emission standards are vehicle emission standards that regulate pollution from the use of new land surface vehicles sold in the European Union and European Economic Area member states and the United Kingdom, and ships in European territorial waters. These standards target air pollution from exhaust gases, brake dust, and tyre rubber pollution, and are defined through a series of European Union directives that progressively introduce stricter limits to reduce environmental impact. Euro 7, agreed in 2024 and due to come into force in 2026, includes non-exhaust emissions such as particulates from tyres and brakes. Until 2030 fossil fueled vehicles are allowed to have dirtier brakes than electric vehicles. Background In the European Union, emissions of nitrogen oxides (), total hydrocarbon (THC), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM) are regulated for most vehicle types, including cars, trucks (lorries), locomotiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buses (magazine)
''Buses'' is a monthly magazine published in the United Kingdom that primarily focuses on the British bus and coach industry. Founded in 1949, the magazine was originally published by Ian Allan Publishing, however from March 2012 onwards, it has been published by Key Publishing after their takeover of the former. The current editor is James Day and is published on the third Thursday of each month. The magazine is accompanied by a yearbook published in August every year for the next year. Since 2014, the publisher operates annual show every August called 'Buses Festival' at the British Motor Museum in Gaydon, Warwickshire. Buses Festival is one of the largest shows for bus enthusiasts to see modern and classic vehicles on display and for traders to sell bus models, literature, photos and bus accessories. History ''Buses'' was published as ''Buses Illustrated'' by Ian Allan Publishing from 1949 until 1968. The magazine started publishing in its usual monthly cycle from Jan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Millennium Dome
The Millennium Dome was the original name of the large dome-shaped building on the Greenwich Peninsula in South East (London sub region), South East London, England, which housed a major exhibition celebrating the beginning of the third millennium. When opened in 1999, it was the List of largest buildings#Largest usable volume, fifth largest building in the world by usable volume. The exhibition was open to the public from 1 January to 31 December 2000. The project and exhibition were highly contentious and attracted barely half of the 12 million customers its sponsors forecasted, and so were deemed a failure by the press. All the original exhibition elements were sold or dismantled. In a 2005 report, the cost of the Dome and surrounding land (which increased to 170 acres from the initial offering of the 48 acres enclosed by the Dome) and managing the Dome until the deal was closed was £28.7 million. The value of the 48 acres occupied by the Dome was estimated at £48 million, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autogas
Autogas is liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) used as a fuel in internal combustion engines of vehicles as well as in stationary applications such as generators. It is a mixture of propane and butane. Autogas is widely used as a "green" fuel, as its use reduces exhaust emissions by around 15% compared to petrol. One litre of petrol produces 2.3 kg of when burnt, whereas the equivalent amount of autogas (1.33 litres due to the lower density of autogas) produces only 2 kg of when burnt. CO emissions are 30% lower compared to petrol, and is reduced by 50%. It has an octane rating (MON/RON) that is between 90 and 110 and an energy content ( higher heating value—HHV) that is between 25.5 megajoules per litre (for pure propane) and 28.7 megajoules per litre (for pure butane) depending upon the actual fuel composition. Autogas is the fourth most popular automotive fuel in the world, with approximately 27.8 million of 1.47 billion passenger cars powered usi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East Lancs Myllennium
The East Lancs Myllennium was a type of single-decker bus body manufactured by East Lancashire Coachbuilders on DAF SB220, Dennis Dart SLF, MAN 14.220 and Scania N94UB chassis. It was superseded by the East Lancs Esteem in 2006. Operators United Kingdom The Myllenium was first designed in co-operation between East Lancs designer John Worker and the London Central bus company in 1999 for use on Millennium Dome shuttle services M1 and M2, with 17 in total on DAF SB220 chassis delivered for the services, three of which were LPG gas-powered. The buses were equipped with air conditioning and an electronic guidance system designed by Alstom for driverless running on a section of guided busway linking the Millennium Dome with Charlton and Greenwich railway stations. The buses never ran in passenger-carrying service on the M1 service using the guidance system, and London Buses later admitted in 2000 that the guidance system was not yet ready for deployment on the planne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DAF SB220
The DAF SB220 was a full-size single-decker bus chassis produced by DAF Bus International from 1985. Initially only built in left hand drive, in 1988 a right hand drive version was launched for the United Kingdom market. An articulated version was also manufactured. It was superseded by the DAF/VDL SB200 and SB250. Types * Step entrance *Low floor * Low entry Bodywork Makes and models of bodywork were fitted to the SB220 full-size single-decker bus chassis include the following: United Kingdom (step entrance) * Ikarus Citibus * Northern Counties Paladin * Optare Delta United Kingdom (low floor/low entry) * Alexander ALX300 * East Lancs Myllennium * Ikarus Polaris * Ikarus 481 * Plaxton Prestige / Northern Counties Paladin LF Ireland (step entrance) *Alexander Setanta * Plaxton Verde Netherlands (step entrance) * Berkhof ST2000NL * Den Oudsten B88 * Den Oudsten B89 Alliance Portugal (step entrance) *CAMO Camus *CAMO Cronus (Only 2 units of the "standard" version of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
London Transport (brand)
London Transport (LT) was the public name and brand used by a series of public transport authorities in London, England, from 1933. Its most recognizable feature was the bar-and-circle 'roundel' logo. With its origins in the Underground Electric Railways Company of London (UERL), the brand was first used by the London Passenger Transport Board (LPTB) to unify the identity of the previously separately owned and managed London Underground, Metropolitan Railway, bus and tram services. The London Transport brand was extended under the direction of Frank Pick to all aspects of transport operation including poster designs, tickets, train livery, seat upholstery and the station architecture of Charles Holden. When public transport operation was taken over by Transport for London (TfL) from London Regional Transport (LRT) in 2000, the London Transport brand was discontinued and replaced with Transport for London's own branding, which incorporates many features of the London Transport bran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diesel Particulate Filter
A diesel particulate filter (DPF) is a device designed to remove diesel exhaust#Particulates, diesel particulate matter or soot from the exhaust gas of a diesel engine.Tom Nash (May 2003) "Diesels: The Smoke is clearing", ''Motor '' Vol.199 No. 5, p. 54, Hearst Business Publishing Inc. Mode of action Wall-flow diesel particulate filters usually remove 85% or more of the soot, and under certain conditions can attain soot removal efficiencies approaching 100%. Some filters are single-use, intended for disposal and replacement once full of accumulated ash. Others are designed to burn off the accumulated particulate either passively through the use of a catalyst or by active means such as a fuel burner which heats the filter to soot combustion temperatures. This is accomplished by engine programming to run (when the filter is full) in a manner that elevates exhaust temperature, in conjunction with an extra fuel injector in the exhaust stream that injects fuel to react with a catalys ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
