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Low-Key Club
The Low-Key Club was a pacifist group composed of a faction of party, government, military, and academic elites from the Nanjing Nationalist Government prior to and during the early stages of the Second Sino-Japanese War. They were dissatisfied with the prevailing "hysteria" that promoted war against Japan and emphasized China's inability to effectively counter Japan's military power. 台北政治大学教授 胡春惠：“汪精卫与‘低调俱乐部’”，《抗日战争研究》，1999年第1期，第35-39页。 Members * Carsun Chang * Chen Lifu * Cheng Tsang-po * Gao Zongwu * Gu Zhutong * Hu Shih * Li Huang * Luo Junqiang * Mei Siping * Wang Jingwei * Xiong Shihui * Zhang Dongsun * Zhou Fohai * Zhu Shaoliang Zhu Shaoliang or Chu Shao-liang () (28 October 1891 – 25 December 1963) was a general in the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China. In 1935, he was hand-picked by Chiang Kai-shek as the comm ... Refer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pacifist
Pacifism is the opposition to war or violence. The word ''pacifism'' was coined by the French peace campaigner Émile Arnaud and adopted by other peace activists at the tenth Universal Peace Congress in Glasgow in 1901. A related term is ''ahimsa'' (to do no harm), which is a core philosophy in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. While modern connotations are recent, having been explicated since the 19th century, ancient references abound. In modern times, interest was revived by Leo Tolstoy in his late works, particularly in ''The Kingdom of God Is Within You''. Mahatma Gandhi propounded the practice of steadfast nonviolent resistance, nonviolent opposition which he called "satyagraha", instrumental in its role in the Indian independence movement. Its effectiveness served as inspiration to Martin Luther King Jr., James Lawson (activist), James Lawson, Charles and Mary Beard, Mary and Charles Beard, James Bevel, Thích Nhất Hạnh,"Searching for the Enemy of Man", in Nhat Nanh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luo Junqiang
Luo Junqiang () (1902 – February 22, 1970) was a politician of the Republic of China. He was born in Xiangtan, Hunan. In 1922, at the age of 20, Luo joined the Chinese Communist Party, but later left it to join the Kuomintang. He served in the government of Wang Jingwei in Nanjing during the Second Sino-Japanese War. After the downfall of Wang's government in 1945, Luo was arrested and imprisoned. He died in custody in Shanghai Shanghai, Shanghainese: , Standard Chinese pronunciation: is a direct-administered municipality and the most populous urban area in China. The city is located on the Chinese shoreline on the southern estuary of the Yangtze River, with the ....徐友春主編『民国人物大辞典 増訂版』、2776頁。一方、劉傑前掲、151頁は、8月14日としている。 References Bibliography * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Luo, Junqiang 1902 births 1970 deaths Republic of China politicians from Hunan Chinese Communist Party politicians from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhu Shaoliang
Zhu Shaoliang or Chu Shao-liang () (28 October 1891 – 25 December 1963) was a general in the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China. In 1935, he was hand-picked by Chiang Kai-shek as the commander-in-chief of the Third Route Army for exterminating the (communist) bandits. In 1937, he participated in the Battle of Shanghai as commander of the 9th Army Group. Zhu joined the pacifist Low-Key Club during the early Second Sino-Japanese War, which consisted of Nanjing Nationalist elites and emphasized China's inability to counter Japan's military power, while advocating for Sino-Japanese peace and a ceasefire. References Links https://generals.dk/general/Zhu_Shaoliang/_/China.html People of the Northern Expedition National Revolutionary Army generals from Fujian Politicians from Fuzhou Republic of China politicians from Fujian 1891 births 1963 deaths {{China-mil-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhou Fohai
Zhou Fohai (; Hepburn: ''Shū Futsukai''; May 29, 1897 – February 28, 1948) was a Chinese politician and the second-in-command of the Executive Yuan in Wang Jingwei's collaborationist Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Biography Zhou was born in Hunan province, China, during the Qing dynasty, where his father was an official in the Qing administration. After the Xinhai Revolution, he was sent to Japan for studies, attending the Seventh Higher School Zoshikan (the predecessor of Kagoshima University), followed by Kyoto Imperial University. During his stay in Japan, he became attracted to Marxism, and on his return to China, became one of the founders of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). He attended the First Congress in Shanghai in July 1921, but quit the CCP in 1924 to join the Kuomintang. He was assigned as a secretary to the Public Relations Department of the central government, but maintained strong ties with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhang Dongsun
Zhang Dongsun (; 1886–1973), also known as Chang Tung-sheng, was a Chinese philosopher, public intellectual and political figure. He was a professor of Philosophy and Sinology at Yenching University and Tsinghua University. Biography Zhang Dongsun was born in 1886 in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. Travelling to Japan as an overseas student in his youth, Zhang studied the philosophy of Immanuel Kant, and attempted to reinterpret Confucianism along Kantian lines. He took part in famous debates about the relative merits of " science and metaphysics," allying himself with the then-fashionable metaphysics of Henri Bergson. He was equally well-known, as an exponent of the philosophy of Bertrand Russell, whom he accompanied on a tour of China in 1920. A prominent exponent of Chinese socialistic liberalism, Zhang became a powerful influence in the China National Socialist Party in its original incarnation as a non-Communist "third force" grouping opposed to the dictatorship of the Guomi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xiong Shihui
Xiong Shihui (19 May 1893 – 21 January 1974), also known by his courtesy name Tianyi, was a Republic of China general. He was a native of Anyi County, Jiangxi. He was a key figure in the Political Science Department of the Nationalist Government and was in charge of Northeast China during the Chinese Civil War. Biography Shihui graduated from the second phase of Baoding Military Academy in 1915. In 1921, he went to Japan Army University and graduated in 1924. After returning to China and Guangdong, he served as the director of education at the Guangzhou Yunnan Army Cadre School. In the summer of 1926, during the Northern Expedition, he served as the party representative of the 14th Army of the National Revolutionary Army. In October, he also served as the commander of the First Division. In February 1927, he served as Accountant General of the Jiangxi Provincial Government Government Affairs Committee. In 1928, he was appointed commander of the Fifth Army Division, and in S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wang Jingwei
Wang Zhaoming (4 May 188310 November 1944), widely known by his pen name Wang Jingwei, was a Chinese politician who was president of the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China, a puppet state of the Empire of Japan. He was initially a member of the Socialist ideology of the Kuomintang, left wing of the Kuomintang (KMT), leading a Government of the Republic of China in Wuhan, government in Wuhan in opposition to the right-wing Nationalist government in Nanjing, but later became increasingly anti-communist after his efforts to collaborate with the Chinese Communist Party ended in political failure. Wang was a close associate of Sun Yat-sen for the last twenty years of Sun's life. After Sun's death in 1925, Wang engaged in a political struggle with Chiang Kai-shek for control over the Kuomintang, but lost. Wang remained inside the Kuomintang, but continued to have disagreements with Chiang. Following the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937, Wang acce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mei Siping
Mei Siping (; 1896 – September 14, 1946) was a Kuomintang politician of the Republic of China and associate of Wang Jingwei. He served in various posts in Wang's government in Nanjing, as well as second (and final) president of Southern University in 1945, and briefly held office as governor of his home province. Career After the downfall of Wang's government, Mei was arrested and executed for collaboration. His daughter personally denounced him prior to his execution. Personal life He was born in Wenzhou, Zhejiang. References Bibliography * * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Mei, Siping 1896 births 1946 deaths Republic of China politicians from Zhejiang People from Yongjia County Executed people from Zhejiang Executed Republic of China people Executed Kuomintang collaborators with Imperial Japan People executed by the Republic of China by firearm Politicians from Wenzhou National University of Peking alumni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Li Huang
Li Huang (1895 – 15 November 1991) was a Chinese politician and educator. While studying in France from 1919–1924, he was one of the founders of the Young China Party. After returning to China, he taught French literature in several universities in the 1920s through the 1940s. During the Second Sino-Japanese War the Youth Party joined the China Democratic League, a "Third Force" independent of both the Chinese Communist Party and the Nationalist government of Chiang Kai-shek. Youth and education in France Li Huang's father was a prosperous merchant in Chengdu, where Li joined the Young China Study Association, an informal group that brought young intellectuals together for informal but wide-ranging discussions. He went to France in 1919 to study sociology and literature. Li earned a Master's Degree. The Chinese diaspora in France#History, Chinese community in France debated cultural and political strategies for the future of China, and Li joined in the debates. The Diligent Wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nanjing Nationalist Government
The Nationalist government, officially the National Government of the Republic of China, refers to the government of the Republic of China from 1 July 1925 to 20 May 1948, led by the nationalist Kuomintang (KMT) party. Following the outbreak of the Xinhai Revolution, revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen was elected to be China's provisional president and founded the Provisional Government of the Republic of China. To preserve national unity, Sun ceded the presidency to military strongman Yuan Shikai, who established the Beiyang government. After a failed attempt to install himself as Emperor of China, Yuan died in 1916, leaving a power vacuum which resulted in China being divided into several warlord fiefs and rival governments. They were nominally reunified in 1928 under the Nanjing-based government led by Chiang Kai-shek, which after the Northern Expedition governed the country as a one-party state under the Kuomintang, and was subsequently given international recognition ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hu Shih
Hu Shih ( zh, t=胡適; 17 December 189124 February 1962) was a Chinese academic, writer, and politician. Hu contributed to Chinese liberalism and language reform, and was a leading advocate for the use of written vernacular Chinese. He participated in the May Fourth Movement and China's New Culture Movement. He was a president of Peking University and Academia Sinica. Hu was the editor of the '' Free China Journal'', which was shut down for criticizing Chiang Kai-shek. In 1919, he also criticized Li Dazhao. Hu advocated that the world adopt Western-style democracy. Moreover, Hu criticized Sun Yat-sen's claim that people are incapable of self-rule. Hu criticized the Nationalist government for betraying the ideal of Constitutionalism in ''The Outline of National Reconstruction''. Hu wrote many essays questioning the political legitimacy of Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communist Party. Specifically, Hu said that the autocratic dictatorship system of the CCP was "un-Chinese" a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gu Zhutong
Gu Zhutong ( zh, s=顾祝同, t=顧祝同, first=t, p=Gù Zhùtóng, w=Ku4 Chu4-t‘ung2; January 9, 1893 – January 17, 1987), courtesy name Mosan (墨三), also rendered as Ku Chu-tung, was a military general and administrator of the Republic of China. Biography Early life and career Gu was born in Lianshui, Jiangsu province and attended army elementary academy at age 19, When the Chinese Revolution of 1911 broke out, he soon joined the Revolution. In 1912, he joined the Chinese Nationalist Party, and enrolled in Wuhan reserve officer candidate school, and then attend the Baoding Military Academy. In 1922, he went to Canton and became a staff officer of Second Cantonese Army. When Whampoa Military Academy was founded in 1924, he became one of the academy instructors. When the newly formed Nationalist government launched a campaign against a local warlord, he became a battalion commander. During the Northern Expedition, Gu was promoted division commander and then corps comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
