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Louise Mushikiwabo
Louise Mushikiwabo (born May 22, 1961) is the fourth and current Secretary General of the ''Organisation internationale de la Francophonie''. She previously served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Rwanda from 2009 to 2018. She also served as Government Spokesperson. She had previously been Minister of Information. On 12 October 2018, she was elected for a four-year term for the position of Secretary General of Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF) at the Summit of Francophonie in Yerevan, Armenia. She was re-elected in November 2022. Early life Louise Mushikiwabo was born on 22 May 1961 in Kigali, the Rwandan capital. Her father was Bitsindinkumi, from the Batsobe clan; Bitsindinkumi worked as a farmer, managing the family's smallholding as well as working as bookkeeper for a colonial coffee plantation. Her mother was Nyiratulira, a first cousin of the Abiru philosopher and historian Alexis Kagame. She spent her childhood in Kigali. The you ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organisation Internationale De La Francophonie
The (OIF; sometimes shortened to ''La Francophonie'', , sometimes also called International Organisation of in English) is an international organization representing where there is a notable affiliation with French language and culture. The organization comprises 93 member states and governments; of these, 56 states and governments are full members, 5 are associate members and 32 are observers. The term (with a lowercase "f"), or ''francosphere'' (often capitalized in English), also refers to the global community of French-speaking peoples, comprising a network of private and public organisations promoting equal ties among countries where French, Belgian, Swiss, Canadian people or France, Belgium, Switzerland or Quebec play a significant historical role, culturally, militarily, or politically. The organization was created in 1970. Most of its founding members and current full members used to be parts of the French colonial empire. Its headquarters is located in Paris, Fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The New Times (Rwanda)
''The New Times'' is a national English-language newspaper in Rwanda. It was established in 1995 shortly after the genocide against the Tutsi. A Kinyarwanda-language weekly called ''Izuba Rirashe'' was previously published. ''The New Times'' is published in Kigali from Monday to Saturday, with its sister paper the ''Sunday Times'', appearing on Sundays. The ''New Times Online'' was launched in 2006. ''The New Times'' often conveys optimistic stories about events in Rwanda. In May 2009, Human Rights Watch (HRW) described ''The New Times'' as a state-owned newspaper in a rebuttal to an editorial article that accused HRW of "sanitizing people who were attempting to negate the 1994 genocide in Rwanda". ''The New Times'' did not publish the HRW rebuttal. In 2010, president Paul Kagame said that ''The New Times'' has been too servile to him and his party, and asked the Aga Khan Aga Khan (; ; also transliterated as ''Aqa Khan'' and ''Agha Khan'') is a title held by the Imamate i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National University Of Rwanda
The National University of Rwanda (NUR; , , UNR) was the largest university in Rwanda. It was located at in the city of Butare and was established in 1963 by the government in cooperation with the Congregation of the Dominicans from the Province of Quebec, Canada. Its founder and first rector was Father Georges-Henri Lévesque. When it was established, the NUR had three divisions (Faculties of Medicine and Social Sciences, and a Teacher Training College), 51 students and 16 lecturers. The university suffered badly during the genocide and had to close in 1994, reopening in April 1995. At that time English was introduced as a medium of instruction alongside French. In 2013, along with all public higher education institutions in Rwanda, it was merged into the newly created University of Rwanda. History When it started in 1963 NUR was composed of three academic units: the Faculty of Medicine, the Faculty of Social Sciences and the Teacher Training College (ENS). At that time, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parliament Of Rwanda
The Parliament of Rwanda ( French: ''Parlement du Rwanda''; Kinyarwanda: ''Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda'') has consisted of two chambers since 2003: *The Senate (French: ''Sénat''; Kinyarwanda: ''Sena'') ( Upper Chamber) *The Chamber of Deputies (French: ''Chambre des députés''; Kinyarwanda: ''Umutwe w’Abadepite'') ( Lower Chamber) Legislative History National Assembly 1961–1973 Rwanda had a unicameral legislature, National Assembly of Rwanda, established in January 1961. It was dissolved following the coup d'état of 1973. National Development Council, 1982–1994 Rwanda had a unicameral legislature, National Development Council of Rwanda from 1982 to 1994. Transitional National Assembly, 1994–2003 Unicameral Transitional National Assembly of Rwanda was established in 1994 following Rwandan Civil War. It was replaced in 2003 by a bicameral legislature. Women in Parliament Rwanda's parliament has the highest percentage of women in a si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chez Lando
Chez Lando is a hotel and restaurant located in the Rwandan capital city, Kigali. The hotel was founded in the 1980s by prominent Rwandan businessman and politician Lando Ndasingwa, and his Canadian wife Hélène, who were both killed in the 1994 Rwandan genocide The Rwandan genocide, also known as the genocide against the Tutsi, occurred from 7 April to 19 July 1994 during the Rwandan Civil War. Over a span of around 100 days, members of the Tutsi ethnic group, as well as some moderate Hutu and Gre .... Following Ndasingwa's death, the hotel was taken over by his sister Anne-Marie Kantengwa, who was a 2013 student on the IEEW's Peace Through Business program. References External links Official website Buildings and structures in Kigali Hotels in Rwanda {{Rwanda-struct-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anne-Marie Kantengwa
Anne-Marie Kantengwa was born in 1953 in Jabana, near Kigali, Rwanda. She is a businesswoman and a former Rwandan Patriotic Front (FPR) deputy in the Parliament of Rwanda. Early life Anne Marie Kantengwa is a Rwandan genocide The Rwandan genocide, also known as the genocide against the Tutsi, occurred from 7 April to 19 July 1994 during the Rwandan Civil War. Over a span of around 100 days, members of the Tutsi ethnic group, as well as some moderate Hutu and Gre ... survivor in 1994, she lost her parents, husband, relatives and children. References 1953 births Living people People from Kigali Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Rwanda) 21st-century Rwandan women politicians 21st-century Rwandan politicians {{Rwanda-politician-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rwandan Genocide
The Rwandan genocide, also known as the genocide against the Tutsi, occurred from 7 April to 19 July 1994 during the Rwandan Civil War. Over a span of around 100 days, members of the Tutsi ethnic group, as well as some moderate Hutu and Great Lakes Twa, Twa, were systematically killed by Hutu militias. While the Constitution of Rwanda, Rwandan Constitution states that over 1 million people were killed, most scholarly estimates suggest between 500,000 and 662,000 Tutsi died, mostly men. The genocide was marked by extreme violence, with victims often murdered by neighbors, and widespread sexual violence, with between 250,000 and 500,000 women raped. The genocide was rooted in long-standing ethnic tensions, exacerbated by the Rwandan Civil War, which began in 1990 when the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), a predominantly Tutsi rebel group, invaded Rwanda from Uganda. The war reached a tentative peace with the Arusha Accords (Rwanda), Arusha Accords in 1993. However, the Assassina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lando Ndasingwa
Landoald 'Lando' Ndasingwa (died 7 April 1994) was a Rwandan politician and businessman. He was killed on the first day of the Rwandan genocide. Life Ndasingwa founded the hotel Chez Lando in the 1980s with his Canadian wife Hélène. Following Ndasingwa's death, the hotel was taken over by his sister Anne-Marie Kantengwa. Educated at the Collège Saint-André of Kigali, the Université Nationale du Rwanda at Butare, Université Laval at Quebec City, McGill University, and Université de Montréal, Ndasingwa was a former professor at the Université Nationale du Rwanda and ethnic Tutsi. As a politician, he was the leader and vice president of the moderate Liberal Party and was granted the portfolio of Minister of Labour and Social Affairs in the Habyarimana transitional government put in place after the Arusha Accords. He was the only Tutsi member of the transitional government. On February 17, 1994, UNAMIR commander Roméo Dallaire received information of a plot to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexis Kagame
Alexis Kagame (15 May 1912 – 2 December 1981) was a Rwandan philosopher, linguist, historian, poet and Catholic priest. His main contributions were in the fields of ethnohistory and "ethnophilosophy" (the study of indigenous philosophical systems). As a professor of theology, he carried out wide research into the oral history, traditions and literature of Rwanda, and wrote several books on the subject, both in French and Kinyarwanda. He also wrote poetry, which was also published. Kagame was also active in the political field, and was seen by some European scholars as the intellectual leader of Tutsi culture and rights under the colonial system starting in the 1940s. Life Kagame was born in Kiyanza - Buliza Rwanda, in actual Murambi Sector, Rulindo District, Northern Province, to a long line of court historians. His family had high status in the kingdom of Rwanda, being of the ruling Tutsi class, and also belonging to a group called Abiru, the traditional ministers in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abiru
The Abiru (Kinyarwanda for ''royal ritualists'') were the members of the privy council of the monarchy of Rwanda. They were oral repositories of the '' ubwiiru'', an esoteric code of kingship. Due to the mythopoetic nature of accounts of the early history of the Abiru and the Rwandan monarchy, an accurate history of the Abiru is difficult to codify or study. The council as a whole can be described as a priestly body that elected, advised and/or deposed Rwandan kings. Debate continues over the pre-colonial functions of the body, which makes definite statements on the subject needing further research. The wider ethnic community that was traditionally expected to provide the membership of the council was known as the Abiru. An Excerpt From The Oral Records Of Rwanda p.50. Adekunle, Julius O. 2007. Culture and customs of Rwanda. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. Functions The Abiru functioned as advisors to the king in political matters, and may or may not have a political role ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coffee Plantation
Plantations are farms specializing in cash crops, usually mainly planting a single crop, with perhaps ancillary areas for vegetables for eating and so on. Plantations, centered on a plantation house, grow crops including cotton, cannabis, tobacco, coffee, tea, cocoa, sugar cane, opium, sisal, oil seeds, oil palms, fruits, rubber trees and forest trees. Protectionist policies and natural comparative advantage have sometimes contributed to determining where plantations are located. In modern use, the term usually refers only to large-scale estates. Before about 1860, it was the usual term for a farm of any size in the southern parts of British North America, with, as Noah Webster noted, "farm" becoming the usual term from about Maryland northward. The enslavement of people was the norm in Maryland and states southward. The plantations there were forced-labor farms. The term "plantation" was used in most British colonies but very rarely in the United Kingdom itself in this sense. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
