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Lothar Collatz
Lothar Collatz (; July 6, 1910 – September 26, 1990) was a German mathematician, born in Arnsberg, Province of Westphalia, Westphalia. The "3''x'' + 1" problem is also known as the Collatz conjecture, named after him and still unsolved. The Collatz–Wielandt formula for the Perron–Frobenius theorem, Perron–Frobenius eigenvalue of a positive square matrix was also named after him. Collatz's 1957 paper with Ulrich Sinogowitz, who had been killed in the bombing of Darmstadt in World War II, founded the field of spectral graph theory. Biography Collatz studied at universities in Germany including the University of Greifswald and the University of Berlin, where he was supervised by Alfred Klose, receiving his doctorate in 1935 for a dissertation entitled ''Das Differenzenverfahren mit höherer Approximation für lineare Differentialgleichungen'' (The finite difference method with higher approximation for linear differential equations). He then worked as an assistant at the Univ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arnsberg
Arnsberg (; ) is a town in the Hochsauerland county, in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is the location of the Regierungsbezirk Arnsberg (region), Arnsberg administration and one of the three local administration offices of the Hochsauerlandkreis, Hochsauerlandkreis district. Geography Location Arnsberg is located in the north-east of the Sauerland in the Ruhr (river), Ruhr river valley. The river Ruhr sinuosity, meanders around the south of the old town of Arnsberg. The town is nearly completely encircled by forest, and the nature park ''Arnsberg Forest Nature Park, Arnsberger Wald'' lies to the north". Arnsberg is connected by Bundesautobahn 46, Federal Motorway 46 (Autobahn 46) Brilon in the east and (using the Bundesautobahn 445, Federal Motorway 445) Werl in the west. It is also connected by several railroad stations, which provide a connection to the major city Dortmund and the Ruhrgebiet. There is also a Flugplatz Arnsberg-Menden, regional airport, located ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frank Natterer
Frank Natterer (20 July 1941) is a German mathematician. He was born in Wangen im Allgäu, Germany. Natterer pioneered and shaped the field of mathematical methods in imaging including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonic imaging. Career After studies at the Universities of Freiburg and Hamburg Frank Natterer in 1968 earned his PhD with a thesis "Einschließungen für die großen Eigenwerte gewöhnlicher Differentialgleichungen zweiter und vierter Ordnung" under the supervision of Prof. Lothar Collatz. In 1971, he made the habilitation "Verallgemeinerte Splines und singuläre Rand-Eigenwertaufgaben gewöhnlicher Differentialgleichungen". Following a visiting assistant professorship at Indiana University Bloomington, Indiana (USA) he was full professor at the Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken (Germany), from 1973-1981. He was Director of the "Institut für Numerische und instrumentelle Mathematik" of the Westfälische Wilhelms Uni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of São Paulo
The Universidade de São Paulo (, USP) is a public research university in the Brazilian state of São Paulo, and the largest public university in Brazil. The university was founded on 25 January 1934, regrouping already existing schools in the state of São Paulo, such as the Law School, the Polytechnic School, and the College of Agriculture. The university's foundation in that year was marked by the creation of the Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Literature, and subsequently new departments. Currently, the university is involved in teaching, research, and university extension in all areas of knowledge, offering a broad range of courses. It has eleven campuses, four of them in the city of São Paulo. The remaining campuses are in the cities of Bauru, Lorena, Piracicaba, Pirassununga, Ribeirão Preto and two in São Carlos. University of São Paulo alumni and faculty include past or present 13 Brazilian presidents, members of the National Congress, and founder ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hamburg Mathematical Society
The Hamburg Mathematical Society () is a learned society concerned with mathematics and located in the German city of Hamburg. It was founded in 1690 by Heinrich Meissner as the "Kunstrechnungsübende Societät". It is the oldest still-active mathematical society in the world, and the second-oldest scientific society in Germany after the Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, which was founded in 1652. Two asteroids, 449 Hamburga and 454 Mathesis 454 Mathesis is a main-belt asteroid that was discovered by German astronomer Friedrich Karl Arnold Schwassmann on March 28, 1900. Its provisional name was 1900 FC. Photometric observations of this asteroid at the Altimira Observatory in 2004 ..., were given their names at an anniversary celebration of the society in 1901. Its journal is the ''Mitteilungen der Mathematischen Gesellschaft in Hamburg''. It began publications in 1881, succeeding a listing of society talks which had been sent out to members since 1873. References External l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Academy Of Sciences Of The Institute Of Bologna
The Academy of Sciences of the Institute of Bologna (''Accademia delle Scienze dell'Istituto di Bologna'') is an academic society in Bologna, Italy, that was founded in 1690 and prospered in the Age of Enlightenment. Today it is closely associated with the University of Bologna. Origins By the end of the seventeenth century the University of Bologna, the world's oldest university and once a thriving center of artistic and scientific discovery, had entered a long period of decline. The ''Academy degli Inquieti'' was founded in Bologna around 1690 by Eustachio Manfredi as a place where mathematical topics could be discussed. At first, the academy held its meetings in Manfredi's house, where it began to attract scholars working in other disciplines such as anatomy and physiology, from Bologna and from nearby provinces. In 1694 the academy moved to the house of Jacopo Sandri, a professor of anatomy and medicine at the University of Bologna. In 1704 the academy acquired a more formal s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Academy Of Sciences Leopoldina
The German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (), in short Leopoldina, is the national academy of Germany, and is located in Halle (Saale). Founded on 1 January 1652, based on academic models in Italy, it was originally named the ''Academia Naturae Curiosorum'' until 1687 when Emperor Leopold I raised it to an academy and named it after himself. It was since known under the German name ''Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina'' until 2007, when it was declared to be Germany's National Academy of Sciences. It is the oldest continuously operating academy of natural sciences worldwide. History ' The Leopoldina was founded in the imperial city of Schweinfurt on 1 January 1652 under the Latin name sometimes translated into English as "Academy of the Curious as to Nature." It was founded by four local physicians – Johann Laurentius Bausch, the first president of the society, Johann Michael Fehr, Georg Balthasar Metzger, and Georg Balthasar Wohlfarth; and was the on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emeritus
''Emeritus/Emerita'' () is an honorary title granted to someone who retires from a position of distinction, most commonly an academic faculty position, but is allowed to continue using the previous title, as in "professor emeritus". In some cases, the term is conferred automatically upon all persons who retire at a given rank, but in others, it remains a mark of distinguished performance (usually in the area of research) awarded selectively on retirement. It is also used when a person of distinction in a profession retires or hands over the position, enabling their former rank to be retained in their title. The term ''emeritus'' does not necessarily signify that a person has relinquished all the duties of their former position, and they may continue to exercise some of them. In descriptions of deceased professors emeriti listed at U.S. universities, the title ''emeritus'' is replaced by an indication of the years of their appointments, except in obituaries, where it may be us ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leibniz University Hanover
Leibniz University Hannover (), also known as the University of Hannover, is a public research university located in Hanover, Germany. Founded on 2 May 1831 as Higher Vocational School, the university has undergone six periods of renaming, its most recent in 2006. Leibniz University Hannover is a member of TU9, an association of the nine leading Institutes of Technology in Germany. It is also a member of the Conference of European Schools for Advanced Engineering Education and Research, a non-profit association of leading engineering universities in Europe. The university sponsors the German National Library of Science and Technology, the largest science and technology library in the world.Profile of the TIB at Leibniz University Hannoveonline (English) retrieved 26 May 2012 History The roots of the university begin in the Higher Vocational College/Polytechnic Institute (), founded on 2 May 1831. In 1879 the Higher Vocational School moved into the historic Guelph palace (), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alwin Walther
Alwin Oswald Walther (6May 18984January 1967) was a German mathematician, engineer and professor. He is one of the pioneers of mechanical computing technology in Germany. Life Alwin Walther was born in May 1898 in Reick near Dresden. From 1916 to 1919 Walther served his military service. He was wounded twice and received the Iron Cross 1st Class. From 1919 to 1922 he studied mathematics at the Technical University of Dresden and the University of Göttingen. In 1922, he received his doctorate to Dr. rer. tech. (today according to Dr.-Ing.) from the University of Göttingen under the supervision of Gerhard Kowalewski and . From 1922 to 1928, he was assistant and senior Assistant to Richard Courant at the Mathematical Institute at the University of Göttingen. In 1924, he habilitated and became a Privatdozent. The year before, he stayed in Copenhagen for scientific purposes. From 1926 to 1927 he was a Rockefeller Fellow in Copenhagen and Stockholm. On 1 April 1928 Walther bec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Privatdozent
''Privatdozent'' (for men) or ''Privatdozentin'' (for women), abbreviated PD, P.D. or Priv.-Doz., is an academic title conferred at some European universities, especially in German-speaking countries, to someone who holds certain formal qualifications that denote an ability (''facultas docendi'') and permission to teach ('' venia legendi'') a designated subject at the highest level. To be granted the title Priv.-Doz. by a university, a recipient has to fulfill the criteria set by the university which usually require excellence in research, teaching, and further education. In its current usage, the title indicates that the holder has completed their habilitation and is therefore granted permission to teach and examine students independently without having a full professorship (chair). With respect to the level of academic achievement, the title of ''Privatdozent'' is comparable to that of an Associate Professor (United States), Senior Lecturer (United Kingdom), or ''maître de con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karlsruhe Institute Of Technology
The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT; ) is both a German public research university in Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, and a research center of the Helmholtz Association. KIT was created in 2009 when the University of Karlsruhe (), founded in 1825 as a public research university and also known as the "Fridericiana", merged with the Karlsruhe Research Center (), which had originally been established in 1956 as a national nuclear research center (, or KfK). KIT is thus the first and only institution in Germany to overcome the division of the German scientific and research landscape into academic and non-academic institutions in the form of a merger of two different types of institutions. KIT is a member of the TU9, an incorporated society of the largest and most notable German institutes of technology. As part of the German Universities Excellence Initiative KIT was one of three universities which were awarded excellence status in 2006. In the following "German Excellence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spectral Graph Theory
In mathematics, spectral graph theory is the study of the properties of a Graph (discrete mathematics), graph in relationship to the characteristic polynomial, eigenvalues, and eigenvectors of matrices associated with the graph, such as its adjacency matrix or Laplacian matrix. The adjacency matrix of a simple undirected graph is a Real number, real symmetric matrix and is therefore Orthogonal diagonalization, orthogonally diagonalizable; its eigenvalues are real algebraic integers. While the adjacency matrix depends on the vertex labeling, its Spectrum of a matrix, spectrum is a graph invariant, although not a complete one. Spectral graph theory is also concerned with graph parameters that are defined via multiplicities of eigenvalues of matrices associated to the graph, such as the Colin de Verdière graph invariant, Colin de Verdière number. Cospectral graphs Two graphs are called cospectral or isospectral if the adjacency matrices of the graphs are isospectral, that is, if t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
