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List Of Excommunicated Baháʼís
Excommunicated Baháʼís are people who were followers of the Baháʼí Faith but were declared covenant-breakers by the head of the religion, currently the Universal House of Justice. These people may still self-identify as Baháʼís, but are no longer permitted to participate in official activities of the Bahá'í community, and Bahá'ís are discouraged from associating closely with them. From 2000-2020, twenty individuals were expelled by the Baháʼí Administration for Covenant-breaking; one per year on average. List Excommunicated by ʻAbdu'l-Bahá * Mírzá Muhammad ʻAlí * Ibrahim George Kheiralla Excommunicated by Shoghi Effendi * Ruth Berkeley White (1920s) * Hermann Zimmer (1920s) * Julia Lynch Olin (1939) * Ahmad Sohrab (1953) After Shoghi Effendi * Mason Remey (1960) * Leland Jensen (1960) See also *List of Baháʼís * List of converts to the Baháʼí Faith * List of former Baháʼís *Attempted schisms in the Baháʼí Faith The Baháʼí Faith was for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baháʼí Faith
The Baháʼí Faith is a religion founded in the 19th century that teaches the Baháʼí Faith and the unity of religion, essential worth of all religions and Baháʼí Faith and the unity of humanity, the unity of all people. Established by Baháʼu'lláh, it initially developed in Iran and parts of the Middle East, where it has faced Persecution of Baháʼís, ongoing persecution since its inception. The religion has 5-8 million adherents (known as Baháʼís) spread throughout most of the world's countries and territories. The Baháʼí Faith has three central figures: the Báb (1819–1850), executed for heresy, who taught that a prophet similar to Jesus and Muhammad would soon appear; Baháʼu'lláh (1817–1892), who claimed to be said prophet in 1863 and who had to endure both exile and imprisonment; and his son, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá (1844–1921), who made teaching trips to Europe and the United States after his release from confinement in 1908. After ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's death ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mason Remey
Charles Mason Remey (15 May 1874 – 4 February 1974) was a prominent member of the early American Baháʼí community, and served in several important administrative capacities. He is well-known for an attempted schism of 1960, in which he claimed leadership and was rejected by the overwhelming majority of Baháʼís, who regard him as a Covenant-breaker. Remey came from a distinguished naval family of Washington, D.C., and was among the first Baháʼís of the United States. He was a contemporary of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, one of the faith's three central figures, and traveled around the world as a teacher of the faith. As an architect, he designed the Houses of Worship in Kampala and Sydney, both dedicated in 1961, as well as the International Archives building in Haifa. In 1951 he was appointed by Shoghi Effendi as the president of the International Baháʼí Council, and later as a Hand of the Cause. When Shoghi Effendi died in 1957, Remey and the other Hands signed a declaration ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Routledge
Routledge ( ) is a British multinational corporation, multinational publisher. It was founded in 1836 by George Routledge, and specialises in providing academic books, academic journals, journals and online resources in the fields of the humanities, behavioral science, behavioural science, education, law, and social science. The company publishes approximately 1,800 journals and 5,000 new books each year and their backlist encompasses over 140,000 titles. Routledge is claimed to be the largest global academic publisher within humanities and social sciences. In 1998, Routledge became a subdivision and Imprint (trade name), imprint of its former rival, Taylor & Francis, Taylor & Francis Group (T&F), as a result of a £90-million acquisition deal from Cinven, a venture capital group which had purchased it two years previously for £25 million. Following the merger of Informa and T&F in 2004, Routledge became a publishing unit and major imprint within the Informa "academic publishing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Companies Engaged In The Self-publishing Business
A list is a set of discrete items of information collected and set forth in some format for utility, entertainment, or other purposes. A list may be memorialized in any number of ways, including existing only in the mind of the list-maker, but lists are frequently written down on paper, or maintained electronically. Lists are "most frequently a tool", and "one does not ''read'' but only ''uses'' a list: one looks up the relevant information in it, but usually does not need to deal with it as a whole".Lucie Doležalová,The Potential and Limitations of Studying Lists, in Lucie Doležalová, ed., ''The Charm of a List: From the Sumerians to Computerised Data Processing'' (2009). Purpose It has been observed that, with a few exceptions, "the scholarship on lists remains fragmented". David Wallechinsky, a co-author of ''The Book of Lists'', described the attraction of lists as being "because we live in an era of overstimulation, especially in terms of information, and lists help us ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Attempted Schisms In The Baháʼí Faith
The Baháʼí Faith was formed in the late 19th-century Middle East by Baháʼu'lláh, and teaches that an official line of succession of leadership is part of a divine Covenant of Baháʼu'lláh, covenant that assures unity and prevents Schism, schism. There are no major schisms in the Baháʼí Faith, and attempts to form alternative leadership have either become extinct with time or have remained in extremely small numbers that are shunned by the majority. The largest extant sect is related to Mason Remey's claim to leadership in 1960, which has continued with two or three groups numbering less than 200 collectively, mostly in the United States. About a dozen efforts have been made to form sects in the history of the Baháʼí Faith. The first major challenge to leadership came after Baháʼu'lláh died in 1892, with ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's half-brother Mírzá Muhammad ʻAlí opposing him. Later, Shoghi Effendi faced opposition from his family, as well as some individual Baháʼís. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Former Baháʼís
Ex-Baháʼís or former Baháʼís are people who have been a member of the Baháʼí Faith at some time in their lives and later disassociated from it. The following is a list of notable ex-Baháʼís who have either converted to another religion or philosophy, or became non-religious. Baháʼís who are not in good standing, having lost their administrative rights for some transgression, are not considered ex-Baháʼís. Converted to Christianity * John Ford Coley (born 1948) - American musician. * Francis Spataro - Became a follower of Charles Mason Remey. In the later years of his life, he became an archbishop of the Apostolic Episcopal Church and left the Baháʼí Faith altogether. Converted to Islam * Abd al-Hosayn Ayati (1871–1953) - Also known as Avarih. He spent 18 years as a Baháʼí travelling teacher and reverted to Shia Islam in 1921. * Sobhi Fazl'ollah Mohtadi (1897–1962) - Secretary of 'Abdu'l Bahá, who was expelled after opposing the leadership of Shoghi Eff ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Converts To The Baháʼí Faith
This is a list of converts to the Baháʼí Faith organised by former religion. Converted from Abrahamic religions From Islam Most of the early followers of Baháʼu'lláh came from an Islamic background. *Mírzá Abu'l-Faḍl (1844–1914) – foremost Baháʼí scholar who helped spread the Baháʼí Faith in Egypt, Turkmenistan, and the United States. * Mishkín-Qalam (1826–1912) – prominent Baháʼí and one of the nineteen Apostles of Baháʼu'lláh, as well as a famous calligrapher of 19th-century Persia. *Nabíl-i-Aʻzam (1831–1892) – Baháʼí historian and one of the nineteen Apostles of Baháʼu'lláh *Hají Ákhúnd (1842–1910) – eminent follower of Baháʼu'lláh. He was appointed a Hand of the Cause, and identified as one of the nineteen Apostles of Baháʼu'lláh. * Ibn-i-Abhar (died 1917) – appointed a Hand of the Cause, and identified as one of the nineteen Apostles of Baháʼu'lláh. * Mírzá Mahmúd (died 1927/1928) – eminent follower of Bah ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Baháʼís
The following list sets down the name of each member of the Baháʼí Faith who is the subject of a Wikipedia article. For another index of individual Baháʼís with Wikipedia articles, see :Bahá'ís by nationality. Family of Baháʼu'lláh :* Ásíyih Khánum - known by her title Navváb ::* ʻAbdu'l-Bahá ::* Bahíyyih Khánum :::* Shoghi Effendi ::* Mírzá Mihdí Royalty * Malietoa Tanumafili II (r. 1962–2007) - chieftain of the government of Samoa. * Marie of Romania (r. 1914–1927) - queen of Romania. Artists Bands * Common Market - hip hop duo from the American Pacific Northwest. * Seals and Crofts - American soft rock duo in the early 1970s. Musicians * Mirza Abdollah - also known as Agha Mirza Abdollah Farahani was a tar and setar player. He is among the most significant musicians in Iran's history * Randy Armstrong - American musician and composer * Cindy Blackman - American jazz and rock drummer * Jeff and Maya Kaathryn Bohnhoff [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leland Jensen
Leland Jensen (22 August 1914 – 6 August 1996) was the leader of a small apocalyptic cult called the Baháʼís Under the Provisions of the Covenant (BUPC). Jensen was originally a member of the mainstream Baháʼí Faith until he was excommunicated in 1960 for supporting Mason Remey's attempt at schism. He later left Remey's group due to infighting and began teaching that he would re-establish the Baháʼí Faith after a nuclear holocaust, which he predicted would occur in 1980. At its peak, his movement had 150-200 followers, mostly in Montana, but declined in size significantly by 1990 and beyond. Jensen and his followers gained national media attention for their commitment to his prophecy of nuclear annihilation on 29 April 1980. They built fallout shelters, distributed leaflets, and urged others to take heed of the warning. Due to the "painfully obvious" nature of the failed prophecy, they became a case study in cognitive dissonance. Background Jensen was a third gene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
