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List Of Muslim Scientists
Islamic scientific achievements encompassed a wide range of subject areas, especially medicine, mathematics, astronomy, agriculture as well as physics, economics, engineering and optics. Muslim scientists who have contributed significantly to science and civilization in the Islamic Golden Age (i.e. from the 8th century to the 14th century) include: Astronomers * Ibrahim al-Fazari (d. 777) * Muhammad al-Fazari (d. 796 or 806) * Al-Khwarizmi (d. 850) * Sanad ibn Ali (d. 864) * Al-Marwazi (d. 869) * Al-Farghani (d. 870) * Al-Mahani (d. 880) * Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi (d. 886) * Dīnawarī (d. 896) * Banū Mūsā (d. 9th century) * Abu Sa'id Gorgani (d. 9th century) * Ahmad Nahavandi (d. 9th century) * Al-Nayrizi (d. 922) *Al-Battani (d. 929) *Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin (d. 971) * Abd Al-Rahman Al Sufi (d. 986) * Al-Saghani (d. 990) * Abū al-Wafā' al-Būzjānī (d. 998) * Abu Al-Fadl Harawi (d. 10th century) * Abū Sahl al-Qūhī (d. 1000) * Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi (d. 1000) * Al-Maj ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medicine In The Medieval Islamic World
In the history of medicine, "Islamic medicine", also known as "Arabian medicine" is the Science in the medieval Islamic world, science of medicine developed in the Middle East, and usually written in Arabic language, Arabic, the ''lingua franca'' of Islamic civilization. Islamic medicine adopted, systematized and developed the medical knowledge of classical antiquity, including the major traditions of Hippocrates, Galen and Dioscorides. During the Post-classical history, post-classical era, Middle Eastern medicine was the most advanced in the world, integrating concepts of Ancient Greek medicine, Modern Greek, Medicine in ancient Rome, Roman, Mesopotamia#Medicine, Mesopotamian and Ancient Iranian medicine, Persian medicine as well as the ancient Indian tradition of Ayurveda, while making numerous advances and innovations. Islamic medicine, along with knowledge of Classical antiquity, classical medicine, was later adopted in the medieval medicine of Western Europe, after European ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibrahim Al-Fazari
Ibrahim may refer to: * Ibrahim (name), including a list of people with the name ** Abraham in Islam * Ibrahim (surah), a surah of the Qur'an * ''Ibrahim'' (play) or ''Ibrahim The Illustrious Bassa'', a 1676 tragedy by Elkanah Settle, based on a 1641 novel by Madeleine de Scudéry * Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership See also * Ibrahimzai, a Pashtun tribe of Afghanistan * Ibrahima, a male given name * Abraham (other) * Avraham (other) Avraham (Hebrew: ) is the Hebrew name of Abraham, patriarch of the Abrahamic religions. Avraham may also refer to: * Avraham (given name) * Avraham (surname) See also * Abraham (other) * Avram (other) Avram or Abraham is t ... * '' Ibrahim el Awal'', an Egyptian navy destroyer {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Battani
Al-Battani (before 858929), archaically Latinized as Albategnius, was a Muslim astronomer, astrologer, geographer and mathematician, who lived and worked for most of his life at Raqqa, now in Syria. He is considered to be the greatest and most famous of the astronomers of the medieval Islamic world. Al-Battānī's writings became instrumental in the development of science and astronomy in the west. His (), is the earliest extant (astronomical table) made in the Ptolemaic tradition that is hardly influenced by Hindu or Sasanian astronomy. Al-Battānī refined and corrected Ptolemy's ''Almagest'', but also included new ideas and astronomical tables of his own. A handwritten Latin version by the Italian astronomer Plato Tiburtinus was produced between 1134 and 1138, through which medieval astronomers became familiar with al-Battānī. In 1537, a Latin translation of the was printed in Nuremberg. An annotated version, also in Latin, published in three separate volumes betwee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Nayrizi
Abū’l-'Abbās al-Faḍl ibn Ḥātim al-Nairīzī (; ; , ) was a Persian mathematician and astronomer from Nayriz, now in Fars province, Iran. Life Little is known of al-Nairīzī, though his nisba refers to the town of Neyriz. He mentioned al-Mu'tadid, the Abbasid caliph, in his works, and so scholars have assumed that al-Nairīzī flourished in Baghdad during this period. Al-Nairīzī wrote a book for al-Mu'tadid on atmospheric phenomena. He died in . Mathematics Al-Nayrizi wrote a commentary to the translation in Arabic by Al-Ḥajjāj ibn Yūsuf ibn Maṭar of Euclid's ''Elements''. Both the translation and the commentary have survived, as well as a 12th-century Latin translation by Gerard of Cremona. Al-Nayrizi's commentary contains unique extracts of two other commentaries on the ''Elements'', produced by Hero of Alexandria and Simplicius of Cilicia. Al-Nairīzī used the , the equivalent to the tangent, as a genuine trigonometric line, as did the Persian astron ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmad Nahavandi
Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Nahawandi (), also called al-Nahawandi, was an 8th/9th century Persian astronomer. His name indicates that he was from Nahavand, now in modern Iran. Life Al-Nahawandi lived and worked at the Academy of Gundishapur, in Khuzestan, Iran, at the time of Yahya ibn Khalid ibn Barmak, the provincial governor and all-powerful long-time vizier to Caliph Harun al-Rashid. Al-Nahawandi is reported to have been making astronomical observations at the academy in around 800. He and the astronomer and mathematician Mashallah ibn Athari were among the earliest Islamic era astronomers who flourished during the reign of al-Mansur, the second Abbasid caliph. Works Al-Nahawandi compiled ''zij A ' () is an Islamic astronomical book that tabulates parameters used for astronomical calculations of the positions of the sun, moon, stars, and planets. Etymology The name ''zīj'' is derived from the Middle Persian term ' or ' "cord". Th ...es'' (astronomical tables) under the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Sa'id Gorgani
Abu Sa'id Dharir Gurgani (), also Gurgani, was a 9th-century Persian mathematician and astronomer from Gurgan, Iran. He wrote a treatise on geometrical problems and another on the drawing of the meridian. George Sarton considers him a pupil of Ibn al-A'rabi, but Carl Brockelmann rejects this opinion. Works Two of his works are extant: * Masa'il Hindisia (a manuscript is available in Cairo) * Istikhraj khat nisf al-nahar min kitab analima wa al-borhan alayh (available in Cairo, translated by Carl Schoy) See also *List of Iranian scientists The following is a list of Iranian scientists, engineers, and scholars who lived from antiquity up until the beginning of the modern age. A * Abdul Qadir Gilani (12th century) theologian and philosopher * Abu al-Qasim Muqane'i (10th century) ... Sources * H. Suter. ''Mathematiker'' (12, 1900). 845 deaths 9th-century Iranian mathematicians Year of birth unknown 9th-century Iranian astronomers Medieval Iranian astronomers P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abū Ḥanīfa Dīnawarī
Abū Ḥanīfa Aḥmad ibn Dāwūd Dīnawarī (; died 895) was an Islamic Golden Age polymath: astronomer, agriculturist, botanist, metallurgist, geographer, mathematician, and historian. Life Of Persian stock, Dinawari was born in the (now ruined) town of Dinawar in modern-day western Iran. It had some importance due to its geographical location, serving as the entrance to the region of Jibal as well as a crossroad between the culture of Iran and that of the inhabitants on the other side of the Zagros Mountains. The birth date of Dinawari is uncertain; it is likely that he was born during the first or second decade of the 9th-century. He was instructed in the two main traditions of the Abbasid-era grammarians of al-Baṣrah and of al-Kūfah. His principal teachers were Ibn al-Sikkīt and his own father. He studied grammar, philology, geometry, arithmetic, and astronomy and was known to be a reliable traditionalist. His most renowned contribution is the ''Book of Plan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Ma'shar Al-Balkhi
Abu Ma‘shar al-Balkhi, Latinized as Albumasar (also ''Albusar'', ''Albuxar'', ''Albumazar''; full name ''Abū Maʿshar Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar al-Balkhī'' ; , AH 171–272), was an early Persian Muslim astrologer, thought to be the greatest astrologer of the Abbasid court in Baghdad. While he was not a major innovator, his practical manuals for training astrologers profoundly influenced Muslim intellectual history and, through translations, that of western Europe and Byzantium. Life Abū Maʿshar was a native of Balkh, a town in the Balkh province of Afghanistan, approximately 74 kilometres (46 mi) to the south of the Amu Darya, one of the main bases of support of the Abbasid revolt in the early 8th century. Its population, as was generally the case in the frontier areas of the Arab conquest of Persia, remained culturally dedicated to its Sassanian and Hellenistic heritage. He probably came to Baghdad in the early years of the caliphate of al-Maʾmūn ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Mahani
Abu-Abdullah Muhammad ibn Īsa Māhānī (, flourished c. 860 and died c. 880) was a Persian mathematician and astronomer born in Mahan, (in today Kermān, Iran) and active in Baghdad, Abbasid Caliphate. His known mathematical works included his commentaries on Euclid's '' Elements'', Archimedes' '' On the Sphere and Cylinder'' and Menelaus' ''Sphaerica'',* Roshdi Rashed and Athanase Papadopoulos, 2017 as well as two independent treatises. He unsuccessfully tried to solve a problem posed by Archimedes of cutting a sphere into two volumes of a given ratio, which was later solved by 10th century mathematician Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin. His only known surviving work on astronomy was on the calculation of azimuths. He was also known to make astronomical observations, and claimed his estimates of the start times of three consecutive lunar eclipses were accurate to within half an hour. Biography Historians know little of Al-Mahani's life due to lack of sources. He was born in Mahan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Farghani
Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Kathīr al-Farghānī () also known as Alfraganus in the West (870), was an astronomer in the Abbasid court in Baghdad, and one of the most famous astronomers in the 9th century. Al-Farghani composed several works on astronomy and astronomical equipment that were widely distributed in Arabic and Latin and were influential to many scientists. His best known work, ''Kitāb fī Jawāmiʿ ʿIlm al-Nujūmi'' (whose name translates to ''Elements of astronomy on the celestial motions''), was an extensive summary of Ptolemy's Almagest containing revised and more accurate experimental data. Christopher Columbus used Al Farghani's calculations for his voyages to America (but mistakenly interpreted Arabic miles as Roman miles). In addition to making substantial contributions to astronomy, al-Farghani also worked as an engineer, supervising construction projects on rivers in Cairo, Egypt. The lunar crater '' Alfraganus'' is named after him. Life ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Habash Al-Hasib Al-Marwazi
Ahmad ibn 'Abdallah al-Marwazi, known as Habash al-Hasib (, died 869) was a Persian astronomer, geographer, and mathematician from Merv in Khorasan, who discovered the trigonometric ratios tangent, and cotangent. Al-Biruni who cited Habash in his work, expanded his astronomical tables. Habash al-Hasib flourished in Baghdad, and died a centenarian some time between 864 and 874 possibly in Abbasid Samarra. The title "Habash" (Abbyssian) may refer to dark skin color. He worked under two Abbasid caliphs, al-Ma'mun and al-Mu'tasim. Habash al-Hasib developed a trigonometric algorithm to solve problems related to parallax, which was later rediscovered by Johannes Kepler in 1609 and it is now known as Kepler's equation. Habash is the father of the astronomer Abu Ja'far ibn Habash. Work Habash Hasib made astronomical observations from 825 to 835, and compiled three '' zijes'' (astronomical tables): the first were still in the Hindu manner; the second, called the "tested" tables ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
