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List Of Logicians
A logician is a person who studies logic. Some famous logicians are listed below in English alphabetical transliteration order (by surname). __NOTOC__ A * Peter Abelard (France, 1079–1142) * Wilhelm Ackermann (Germany, 1896–1962) * Sergei Adian (Russia/Soviet Union/Armenia, 1931–2020) * Rodolphus Agricola (Germany, 1443/1444–1485) * Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz (Poland, 1890–1963) * Alcuin (England/France, c. 735–804) * Alan Ross Anderson (US, 1924–1972) * Peter B. Andrews (US, born 1938) * Thomas Aquinas (Italy/France, 1225–1274) * Lennart Åqvist (Sweden, born 1932) * Aristotle (Greece, 384–322 BCE) * Heiric of Auxerre (France, 841–876) * A. J. Ayer (England, 1910 - 1989) B * Bahmanyār (Iran, died 1067) * Jayanta Bhatta (India, 850–910) * Alexander Bain (UK, 1818–1903) * Yehoshua Bar-Hillel (Israel, 1915–1975) * Ruth Barcan Marcus (US, 1921–2012) * Henk Barendregt (Netherlands, born 1947) * Jon Barwise (US, 1942–2000) * James Earl Baumgart ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Logic
Logic is the study of correct reasoning. It includes both formal and informal logic. Formal logic is the study of deductively valid inferences or logical truths. It examines how conclusions follow from premises based on the structure of arguments alone, independent of their topic and content. Informal logic is associated with informal fallacies, critical thinking, and argumentation theory. Informal logic examines arguments expressed in natural language whereas formal logic uses formal language. When used as a countable noun, the term "a logic" refers to a specific logical formal system that articulates a proof system. Logic plays a central role in many fields, such as philosophy, mathematics, computer science, and linguistics. Logic studies arguments, which consist of a set of premises that leads to a conclusion. An example is the argument from the premises "it's Sunday" and "if it's Sunday then I don't have to work" leading to the conclusion "I don't have to wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bahmanyār
Abu al-Hasan (or Abu al-Husayn) Bahmanyar ibn al-Marzban, better simply known as Bahmanyar (; died 1066) was an Iranian scholar, who is mainly known as one of the most prominent pupils of Avicenna (d. 1037). Background Bahmanyar was from a Zoroastrian family, reportedly from Azerbaijan in northern Iran. His father may have been the Bavandid prince al-Marzuban, who ruled in Mazandaran in the late 10th-century, and was the author of the '' Marzban-nama''. Bahmanyar's knowledge of Arabic was not perfect. Life Little is known of Bahmanyar's life. He most likely started his studies in philosophy along with Abu al-Qasim al-Kirmani in the Buyid city of Ray in northern Iran. There they both became involved in the administration, while they read Avicenna works. Bahmanyar was possibly part of the Buyid court in Ray through family ties with the Bavandid princess Sayyida Shirin, her husband Fakhr al-Dawla () and son Majd al-Dawla (), both Buyid rulers of Ray. Bahmanyar eventually ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Bernays
Paul Isaac Bernays ( ; ; 17 October 1888 – 18 September 1977) was a Swiss mathematician who made significant contributions to mathematical logic, axiomatic set theory, and the philosophy of mathematics. He was an assistant and close collaborator of David Hilbert. Biography Bernays was born into a distinguished German-Jewish family of scholars and businessmen. His great-grandfather, Isaac ben Jacob Bernays, served as chief rabbi of Hamburg from 1821 to 1849. Bernays spent his childhood in Berlin, and attended the Köllnische Gymnasium, 1895–1907. At the University of Berlin, he studied mathematics under Issai Schur, Edmund Landau, Ferdinand Georg Frobenius, and Friedrich Schottky; philosophy under Alois Riehl, Carl Stumpf and Ernst Cassirer; and physics under Max Planck. At the University of Göttingen, he studied mathematics under David Hilbert, Edmund Landau, Hermann Weyl, and Felix Klein; physics under Voigt and Max Born; and philosophy under Leonard Nelson. In 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johan Van Benthem (logician)
Johannes Franciscus Abraham Karel (Johan) van Benthem (born 12 June 1949 in Rijswijk) is a University Professor (') of logic at the University of Amsterdam at the Institute for Logic, Language and Computation and professor of philosophy at Stanford University (at CSLI). He was awarded the Spinozapremie in 1996 and elected a Foreign Fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences in 2015. Biography Van Benthem studied physics ( B.Sc. 1969), philosophy ( M.A. 1972) and mathematics ( M.Sc. 1973) at the University of Amsterdam and received a PhD from the same university under supervision of Martin Löb in 1977. Before becoming University Professor in 2003, he held appointments at the University of Amsterdam (1973–1977), at the University of Groningen (1977–1986), and as a professor at the University of Amsterdam (1986–2003). In 1992 he was elected member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Van Benthem is known for his research in the area of modal log ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Paul Van Bendegem
Jean Paul Van Bendegem (born 28 March 1953 in Ghent) is a mathematician, a philosopher of science, and a professor at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel in Brussels. Career Van Bendegem received his master's degree in mathematics in 1976. Afterwards, he went to study philosophy. He attended lectures on the philosophy of mathematics from Leo Apostel. He received his master's degree in philosophy in 1979. Van Bendegem wrote his PhD thesis in philosophy on the subject of finitism under the supervision of Diderik Batens while at Ghent University. He defended his thesis in 1983. The content of the thesis was on notation systems, number theory, analysis, physics and logic in a finite empirical framework. Van Bendegem was the dean of the faculty of Arts and philosophy, and was until his retirement in September 2018 head of the CLPS (Centre for Logic and Philosophy of Science) at the same university. He is an honorary chairman of SKEPP (Research Society for Critical Evaluation of Pseudos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Benacerraf
Paul Joseph Salomon Benacerraf (; 26 March 1930 – 13 January 2025) was a French-born American philosopher working in the field of the philosophy of mathematics who taught at Princeton University his entire career, from 1960 until his retirement in 2007. Benacerraf was appointed Stuart Professor of Philosophy in 1974, and retired as the James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor of Philosophy. Life and career Benacerraf was born in Paris on 26 March 1930, to a Moroccan-Venezuelan Sephardic Jewish father, Abraham Benacerraf, and Algerian Jewish mother, Henrietta Lasry. In 1939 the family moved to Caracas and then to New York City. When the family returned to Caracas, Benacerraf remained in the United States, boarding at the Peddie School in Hightstown, New Jersey. He attended Princeton University for both his undergraduate and graduate studies. He was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1998. Benacerraf died on 13 January 2025, at the a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuel Belnap
Nuel Dinsmore Belnap Jr. (; May 1, 1930 – June 12, 2024) was an American logician and philosopher who has made contributions to the philosophy of logic, temporal logic, and structural proof theory. He taught at the University of Pittsburgh from 1963 until his retirement in 2011. Early life and education Belnap was born on May 1, 1930. He attended New Trier High School in Winnetka, Illinois, and earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Illinois. He recalled Max Fisch assigned Whitehead readings. Belnap worked as a programmer on the IBM 701 for the National Security Agency through the United States Air Force for two years before attending graduate school at Yale University. He enjoyed metaphysics, and his professors included Paul Weiss, Arthur Pap, Henry Margenau, Frederic Fitch, and Rulon Wells. On a Fulbright Fellowship in 1958 he went to Louvain to study with Canon Robert Feys. Belnap domiciled in Brussels with wife and 2-year-old. Feys directed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Lane Bell
John Lane Bell (born March 25, 1945) is an Anglo-Canadian philosopher, mathematician and logician. He is Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at the University of Western Ontario in Canada. His research includes such topics as set theory, model theory, lattice theory, modal logic, quantum logic, constructive mathematics, type theory, topos theory, infinitesimal analysis, spacetime theory, and the philosophy of mathematics. He is the author of more than 70 articles and of 13 books. In 2009, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. Biography John Bell was awarded a scholarship to Oxford University at the age of 15, and graduated with a D.Phil. in Mathematics: his dissertation supervisor was John Crossley. During 1968–89 he was Lecturer in Mathematics and Reader in Mathematical Logic at the London School of Economics. Bell's students include Graham Priest Graham Priest (born 1948) is a philosopher and logician who is distinguished professor of philosophy at the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Earl Baumgartner
James Earl Baumgartner (March 23, 1943 – December 28, 2011) was an American mathematician who worked in set theory, mathematical logic and foundations, and topology. Baumgartner was born in Wichita, Kansas, began his undergraduate study at the California Institute of Technology in 1960, then transferred to the University of California, Berkeley, from which he received his PhD in 1970 from for a dissertation titled ''Results and Independence Proofs in Combinatorial Set Theory''. His advisor was Robert Vaught. He became a professor at Dartmouth College in 1969, and spent his entire career there. One of Baumgartner's results is the consistency of the statement that any two \aleph_1-dense sets of reals are order isomorphic (a set of reals is \aleph_1-dense if it has exactly \aleph_1 points in every open interval). With András Hajnal he proved the Baumgartner–Hajnal theorem, which states that the partition relation \omega_1\to(\alpha)^2_n holds for \alpha<\omega_1 and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jon Barwise
Kenneth Jon Barwise (; June 29, 1942 – March 5, 2000) was an American mathematician, philosopher and logician who proposed some fundamental revisions to the way that logic is understood and used. Education and career He was born in Independence, Missouri, to Kenneth T. and Evelyn Barwise. A pupil of Solomon Feferman at Stanford University, Barwise started his research in infinitary logic. After positions as assistant professor at Yale University and the University of Wisconsin, during which time his interests turned to natural language, he returned to Stanford in 1983 to direct the Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI). He began teaching at Indiana University in 1990. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1999. In his last year, Barwise was invited to give the 2000 Gödel Lecture; he died prior to the lecture. Philosophical and logical work Barwise contended that, by being explicit about the context in which a propos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henk Barendregt
Hendrik Pieter (Henk) Barendregt (born 18 December 1947, Amsterdam) is a Dutch Mathematical logic, logician, known for his work in lambda calculus and type theory. Life and work Barendregt studied mathematical logic at Utrecht University, obtaining his master's degree in 1968 and his PhD in 1971, both ''cum laude'', under Dirk van Dalen and Georg Kreisel. After a postdoctoral position at Stanford University, he taught at Utrecht University. Since 1986, Barendregt has taught at Radboud University Nijmegen, where he now holds the Chair of Foundations of Mathematics and Computer Science. His research group works on Constructive Interactive Mathematics. He is also adjunct professor at Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, US. He has been a visiting scholar at Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, ETH Zürich, Siena, and Kyoto. Barendregt was elected a member of Academia Europaea in 1992. In 1997 Barendregt was elected member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruth Barcan Marcus
Ruth Barcan Marcus (; born Ruth Charlotte Barcan; 2 August 1921 – 19 February 2012) was an American academic philosopher and logician best known for her work in modal and philosophical logic. She developed the first formal systems of quantified modal logic and in so doing introduced the schema or principle known as the Barcan formula. (She would also introduce the now standard "box" operator for necessity in the process.) Marcus, who originally published as Ruth C. Barcan, was, as Don Garrett notes "one of the twentieth century's most important and influential philosopher-logicians". Timothy Williamson, in a 2008 celebration of Marcus' long career, states that many of her "main ideas are not just original, and clever, and beautiful, and fascinating, and influential, and way ahead of their time, but actually – I believe – ''true''". Academic career and service Ruth Barcan (as she was known before marrying the physicist Jules Alexander Marcus in 1942 Gendler, T. S."Ruth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
