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List Of Inventors
This is a of people who are described as being inventors or are credited with an invention. Alphabetical list A * Vitaly Abalakov (1906–1986), Russia – camming devices, Abalakov thread (or V-thread), gearless ice climbing anchor * Ernst Karl Abbe (1840–1905), Germany – Condenser (microscope), apochromatic lens, refractometer * Hovannes Adamian (1879–1932), USSR/Russia/Armenia – tricolor principle of the color television * Samuel W. Alderson (1914–2005), U.S. – crash test dummy * Alexandre Alexeieff (1901–1982), Russia/France – Pinscreen animation (with his wife Claire Parker) * Rostislav Alexeyev (1916–1980), Russia/USSR – Ekranoplan * Randi Altschul (born 1960), U.S. – Disposable cellphone * Abram Alikhanov (1904–1970), Armenia/USSR – Soviet atomic bomb, nuclear reactor * Bruce Ames (1928-2024), U.S. – Ames test (Cell biology) * Giovanni Battista Amici (1786–1863), Italy – Dipleidoscope, Amici prism * Ruth Amos (born 1989), U ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Invention
An invention is a unique or novelty (patent), novel machine, device, Method_(patent), method, composition, idea, or process. An invention may be an improvement upon a machine, product, or process for increasing efficiency or lowering cost. It may also be an entirely new concept. If an idea is unique enough either as a stand-alone invention or as a significant improvement over the work of others, it can be patented. A patent, if granted, gives the inventor a proprietary interest in the patent over a specific period of time, which can be licensed for financial gain. An inventor creates or discovers an invention. The word ''inventor'' comes from the Latin verb ''invenire'', ''invent-'', to find. Although inventing is closely associated with science and engineering, inventors are not necessarily engineers or scientists. The ideation process may be augmented by the applications of algorithms and methods from the domain collectively known as evolutionary robotics, artificial intellige ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Claire Parker
Claire Parker (August 31, 1906 – October 3, 1981) was an American engineer and animator. A graduate of MIT, she invented the Pinscreen, a vertically mounted grid of between 240,000 and 1 million sliding metal rods that are first manually pushed into position to create lit and shaded areas, then filmed frame by frame. While the hand-operated, mechanical Pinscreen superficially shares characteristics with early optical toys like the zoetrope, it is distinguished by being one of the first devices ever to produce animation by reconfiguring a set of individual picture elements, later called pixels. A model with sufficient pin "resolution" can be used to create a Pinscreen animation of photorealistic images, a painstaking process analogous to modern pixel art. Parker shared directing credits for her films with her husband and collaborator, Russian animator Alexandre Alexeieff; however, the 1935 French and 1937 U.S. patents on the Pinscreen were made in her name alone. Alexeieff and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruth Amos
Ruth Amos (born 13 December 1989) is a British entrepreneur and inventor of the StairSteady. The StairSteady is an aid to enable people with limited mobility to use their stairs confidently and safely. Amos designed it as part of a GCSE resistant materials project as a response to her teacher’s challenge to design an aid for people with limited mobility to use their stairs. She was prompted to do this as the father of one of her teachers had recently had a stroke. Her product was launched in April 2008 at Naidex, a national healthcare show, and StairSteady ltd started trading September 2008. Amos won the 2006 Young Engineer of the Year award in Britain with her idea. She was also picked as the youngest ever of Britain's "Heroines For Hard Times" 35 women under 35 by Management Today Haymarket Media Group is a private media company headquartered in London, United Kingdom. It has publications in the consumer, business and customer sectors, both print and online. It opera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amici Prism
An Amici prism, named for the astronomer Giovanni Battista Amici, is a type of compound dispersion (optics), dispersive prism (optics), prism used in spectrometers. The Amici prism consists of two triangular prisms in contact, with the first typically being made from a medium-dispersion Crown glass (optics), crown glass, and the second from a higher-dispersion flint glass. Light entering the first prism is refraction, refracted at the first air–glass interface, refracted again at the interface between the two prisms, and then exits the second prism at near-Normal (geometry), normal incidence. The prism angles and materials are chosen such that one wavelength (colour) of light, the ''centre wavelength'', exits the prism parallel to (but offset from) the entrance beam. The prism assembly is thus a ''direct-vision prism'' and is commonly used as such in hand-held spectroscopes. Other wavelengths are deflected at angles depending on the glass Dispersion (optics), dispersion of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dipleidoscope
Dipleidoscope A dipleidoscope is an instrument used to determine true noon; its name comes from the Greek for ''double image viewer''. It consists of a small telescope and a prism that creates a double image of the sun. When the two images overlap, it is local true noon. The instrument is capable of determining true noon to within ten seconds. The dipleidoscope was invented by Giovanni Battista Amici in the first half of the 19th century. Edward John Dent, a chronometer and clockmaker in London, was working in the 1830s on a simple contrivance that would allow the public to set clocks correctly based on the transit of the sun (more complex and expensive transit telescopes had been developed by Ole Rømer in 1690). By 1840, he felt he had come to a suitable design using shadows, however when he communicated his ideas to J.M. Bloxam (a barrister), he found he had also been working on his own design using reflections, which Dent felt was superior. The two formed a partnership and w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giovanni Battista Amici
Giovanni Battista Amici (; 25 March 1786 – 10 April 1863) was an Italian astronomer, microscopist, and botanist. Amici was born in Modena, in present-day Italy. After studying at Bologna, he became professor of mathematics at Modena, and in 1831 was appointed inspector-general of studies in the Duchy of Modena. A few years later he was chosen director of the observatory at Florence, where he also lectured at the museum of natural history. Amici died in Florence in 1863. His name is best known for the improvements he effected in the mirrors of reflecting telescopes and especially in the construction of the microscope. He was also a diligent and skillful observer, and busied himself not only with astronomical subjects, such as the double stars, the satellites of Jupiter and the measurement of the polar and equatorial diameters of the sun, but also with biological studies of the circulation of the sap in plants, the fructification of plants, infusoria etc. He was the first t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ames Test
The Ames test is a widely employed method that uses bacteria to test whether a given chemical can cause mutations in the DNA of the test organism. More formally, it is a bioassay, biological assay to assess the mutagenic potential of chemical compounds. A positive test indicates that the chemical is mutagenic and therefore may act as a carcinogen, because cancer is often linked to mutation. The test serves as a quick and convenient assay to estimate the carcinogenic potential of a compound because standard carcinogen assays on mice and rats are time-consuming (taking two to three years to complete) and expensive. However, false-positives and false-negatives are known. The procedure was described in a series of papers in the early 1970s by Bruce Ames and his group at the University of California, Berkeley. General procedure The Ames test uses several strains of the bacterium ''Salmonella typhimurium'' that carry mutations in genes involved in histidine synthesis. These strains a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bruce Ames
Bruce Nathan Ames (December 16, 1928 – October 5, 2024) was an American biochemist who was a professor of biochemistry and Molecular Biology Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley, and was a senior scientist at Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI). Ames made contributions to understanding the mechanisms of mutagenesis and DNA repair. He invented the Ames test, a widely used assay for easily and cheaply evaluating the mutagenicity of compounds. The test revolutionized the field of toxicology and has played a crucial role in identifying numerous environmental and industrial carcinogens. Biography Ames, raised in New York City, was a graduate of the Bronx High School of Science. His undergraduate studies were at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, and his graduate studies were completed at the California Institute of Technology. Ames was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1970. He is a recipient of the Bolton S. Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuclear Reactor
A nuclear reactor is a device used to initiate and control a Nuclear fission, fission nuclear chain reaction. They are used for Nuclear power, commercial electricity, nuclear marine propulsion, marine propulsion, Weapons-grade plutonium, weapons production and Research reactor, research. Fissile material, Fissile nuclei (primarily uranium-235 or plutonium-239) absorb single neutron, neutrons and split, releasing energy and multiple neutrons, which can induce further fission. Reactors stabilize this, regulating Neutron absorber, neutron absorbers and neutron moderator, moderators in the core. Fuel efficiency is exceptionally high; Enriched uranium#Low-enriched uranium (LEU), low-enriched uranium is 120,000 times more energy dense than coal. Heat from nuclear fission is passed to a working fluid Nuclear reactor#By coolant, coolant. In commercial reactors, this drives Turbine, turbines and electrical generator shafts. Some reactors are used for district heating, and isotopes, isoto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Atomic Bomb
The Soviet atomic bomb project was authorized by Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union to develop nuclear weapons during and after World War II. Russian physicist Georgy Flyorov suspected that the Allies of World War II, Allied powers were secretly developing a "Weapon of mass destruction, superweapon" since 1939. Flyorov urged Stalin to start a nuclear program in 1942. Early efforts mostly consisted of research at Kurchatov Institute, Laboratory No. 2 in Moscow, and intelligence gathering of Soviet-sympathizing atomic spies in the US Manhattan Project. Subsequent efforts involved plutonium production at Mayak in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Chelyabinsk and weapon research and assembly at KB-11 in Sarov. After Stalin learned of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the nuclear program was accelerated through intelligence gathering about the Manhattan Project and German nuclear weapon project. Espionage coups, especially via Klaus Fuchs and David Greenglass, included detailed descripti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abram Alikhanov
Abram Isaakovich Alikhanov (; , né Alikhanian; 8 December 1970) was a Soviet experimental physicist of Armenian origin who specialized in particle and nuclear physics. He was one of the Soviet Union's leading physicists. Before joining the Soviet atomic bomb project, Alikhanov studied X-rays and cosmic rays. Between 1945 and 1968, he directed the Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP) in Moscow, which was named after him in 2004. He led the development of both the first research and the first industrial heavy water reactors in the Soviet Union. They were commissioned in 1949 and 1951, respectively. He was also a pioneer in Soviet accelerator technology. In 1934 he and Igor Kurchatov created a "baby cyclotron", the first "cyclotron" operating outside of Berkeley, California. He was the driving force behind the construction of the 70 GeV synchrotron in Serpukhov (1967), the largest in the world at the time. His brother, Artem Alikhanian, was based in So ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cellphone
A mobile phone or cell phone is a portable telephone that allows users to make and receive calls over a radio frequency link while moving within a designated telephone service area, unlike fixed-location phones ( landline phones). This radio frequency link connects to the switching systems of a mobile phone operator, providing access to the public switched telephone network (PSTN). Modern mobile telephony relies on a cellular network architecture, which is why mobile phones are often referred to as 'cell phones' in North America. Beyond traditional voice communication, digital mobile phones have evolved to support a wide range of additional services. These include text messaging, multimedia messaging, email, and internet access (via LTE, 5G NR or Wi-Fi), as well as short-range wireless technologies like Bluetooth, infrared, and ultra-wideband (UWB). Mobile phones also support a variety of multimedia capabilities, such as digital photography, video recording, and gami ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
