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List Of Consonants
This is a list of all the consonants which have a dedicated letter in the International Phonetic Alphabet, plus some of the consonants which require diacritics, ordered by place and manner of articulation. Ordered by place of articulation Labial consonants (articulated by using the lips) Bilabial consonants *bilabial clicks e.g. *bilabial nasal (man) *bilabial ejective *voiced bilabial implosive *voiceless bilabial plosive (spin) *voiced bilabial plosive (bed) * voiceless bilabial affricate * voiced bilabial affricate *voiceless bilabial fricative *voiced bilabial fricative *bilabial approximant *bilabial trill * bilabial percussive Labiodental consonants *labiodental approximant *labiodental nasal (symphony) *voiced labiodental fricative (van) * Voiced labiodental plosive * Voiced labiodental affricate *voiceless labiodental fricative (fan) * voiceless rounded velarized labiodental fricative * Voiceless labiodental plosive *Voiceless labiodental affricate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Consonant
In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a speech sound that is articulated with complete or partial closure of the vocal tract, except for the h sound, which is pronounced without any stricture in the vocal tract. Examples are and [b], pronounced with the lips; and [d], pronounced with the front of the tongue; and [g], pronounced with the back of the tongue; , pronounced throughout the vocal tract; , [v], , and [z] pronounced by forcing air through a narrow channel (fricatives); and and , which have air flowing through the nose (nasal consonant, nasals). Most consonants are Pulmonic consonant, pulmonic, using air pressure from the lungs to generate a sound. Very few natural languages are non-pulmonic, making use of Ejective consonant, ejectives, Implosive consonant, implosives, and Click consonant, clicks. Contrasting with consonants are vowels. Since the number of speech sounds in the world's languages is much greater than the number of letters in any one alphabet, Linguis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bilabial Approximant
The voiced bilabial fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is B. The official symbol is the Greek letter beta. This letter is also often used to represent the bilabial approximant, though that is more precisely written with a lowering diacritic, that is . That sound may also be transcribed as an advanced labiodental approximant , in which case the diacritic is again frequently omitted, since no contrast is likely. It has been proposed that either a turned , reversed or affricate can be used as a dedicated symbol for the bilabial approximant, but despite occasional usage none of them have gained general acceptance. It is extremely rare for a language to make a phonemic contrast between the voiced bilabial fricative and the bilabial approximant. The Mapos Buang language of New Guinea contains this contrast. Its bilabial appr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bidental Consonant
Bidental consonants are consonants articulated with both the lower and upper teeth. They are normally found only in speech pathology, and are distinct from interdental consonants such as , which involve the tongue articulated between the teeth rather than the teeth themselves. The diacritic for bidental consonants in the extensions to the IPA is the same superscript plus subscript bridge, . This is used for sounds most commonly found in disordered speech: *A bidental percussive, , produced by striking the teeth against each other (gnashing or chattering the teeth). *A voiceless bidental fricative, , a fricative made through clenched teeth with no involvement of the tongue or the lips, a "bidental (consonant) produced by air passing through the closed front teeth". *A voiced bidental fricative, , a fricative made through clenched teeth with no involvement of the tongue or the lips and the vocal cords vibrate, due to the sound being voiced. *Bidental aspiration of another consonant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voiceless Labiodental Affricate
The voiceless labiodental affricate ( in IPA) is a rare affricate consonant that is initiated as a labiodental stop and released as a voiceless labiodental fricative . The XiNkuna dialect of Tsonga has this affricate, as in "hippopotamuses" and aspirated "distance" (compare "tortoise", which shows that the stop is not epenthetic), as well as a voiced labiodental affricate, , as in "chin". There is no voiceless labiodental fricative in this dialect of Tsonga, only a voiceless bilabial fricative, as in "finished". (Among voiced fricatives, both and occur, however.) German has a similar sound in ''Pfeffer'' ('pepper') and ''Apfel'' ('apple'). Phonotactically, this sound does not occur after long vowels, diphthongs or . It differs from a true labiodental affricate in that it starts out bilabial but then the lower lip retracts slightly for the frication. The sound occurs occasionally in English, in words where one syllable ends with "p" and the next starts with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voiceless Labiodental Plosive
The voiceless labiodental plosive or stop is a consonant sound produced like a but with the lower lip contacting the upper teeth, as in This can be represented in the IPA as . A separate symbol not recognized by the IPA that was occasionally seen, especially in Bantu linguistics, is the ''qp'' ligature . The voiceless labiodental plosive is possibly not phonemic in any language, though see the entry on Shubi. However, it does occur allophonically. The XiNkuna dialect of Tsonga has affricates, and . German ranges between , , and . Features Features of the voiceless labiodental stop: Varieties Occurrence See also * List of phonetics topics A * Acoustic phonetics * Active articulator * Affricate * Airstream mechanism * Alexander John Ellis * Alexander Melville Bell * Alfred C. Gimson * Allophone * Alveolar approximant () * Alveolar click () * Alveolar consonant * Alveolar e ... References External links * {{DEFAULTSORT:Voiceless Labiodental ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voiceless Palatal-velar Fricative
The ''sj''-sound ( ) is a voiceless fricative phoneme found in the sound system of most dialects of Swedish. It has a variety of realisations, whose precise phonetic characterisation is a matter of debate, but which usually feature distinct labialization. The sound is represented in Swedish orthography by a number of spellings, the most common of which are the digraphs and trigraphs (from which the common Swedish name for the sound is derived), , , and (before front vowels) ; if considered in complementary distribution with , up to 65 different spellings for the phoneme have been identified in native words and loanwords. The sound should not be confused with the Swedish ''tj''-sound , usually spelled , , or (before front vowels) . These sounds are transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet. The International Phonetic Association (IPA) describes them as "simultaneous and ", but this realization is not attested, and phoneticians doubt that such a realization actuall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voiceless Labiodental Fricative
The voiceless labiodental fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in a number of spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is . Some scholars also posit the voiceless labiodental approximant distinct from the fricative. The approximant may be represented in the IPA as . Features Features of the voiceless labiodental fricative: Occurrence See also * List of phonetics topics A * Acoustic phonetics * Active articulator * Affricate * Airstream mechanism * Alexander John Ellis * Alexander Melville Bell * Alfred C. Gimson * Allophone * Alveolar approximant () * Alveolar click () * Alveolar consonant * Alveolar e ... Notes xw Weer References * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * External links * {{IPA navigation Fricative consonants Pulmonic consonants Voiceless oral consonants Voiceless labial approximants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voiced Labiodental Affricate
The voiced labiodental affricate ( in IPA) is a rare affricate consonant that is initiated as a voiced labiodental stop and released as a voiced labiodental fricative . Features Features of the voiced labiodental affricate: *There are two variants of the stop component: ** bilabial, which means it is articulated with both lips. The affricate with this stop component is called ''bilabial-labiodental''. **labiodental, which means it is articulated with the lower lip and the upper teeth. *The fricative component of this affricate is labiodental In phonetics, labiodentals are consonants articulated with the lower lip and the upper teeth, such as and . In English, labiodentalized /s/, /z/ and /r/ are characteristic of some individuals; these may be written . Labiodental consonants in ..., articulated with the lower lip and the upper teeth. Occurrence Notes References * * * * External links * Affricates Pulmonic consonants Voiced oral consona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voiced Labiodental Plosive
The voiced labiodental plosive or stop is a consonant sound produced like a , but with the lower lip contacting the upper teeth, as in . This can be represented in the IPA as . A separate symbol that is sometimes seen, especially in Bantu linguistics, but not recognized by the IPA, is the ''db'' ligature . The voiced labiodental plosive is not known to be phonemic in any language. However, it does occur allophonically: In the Austronesian language Sika, this sound occurs as an allophone of the labiodental flap in careful pronunciation. The XiNkuna dialect of Tsonga has affricates, (voiceless labiodental affricate) and (voiced labiodental affricate The voiced labiodental affricate ( in IPA) is a rare affricate consonant that is initiated as a voiced labiodental stop and released as a voiced labiodental fricative . Features Features of the voiced labiodental affricate: *There are two ...). Features Features of the "voiced labiodental stop": Occurrence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voiced Labiodental Fricative
The voiced labiodental fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is v. The sound is similar to voiced alveolar fricative /z/ in that it is familiar to most European speakers but is a fairly uncommon sound cross-linguistically, occurring in approximately 21.1% of languages. Moreover, most languages that have /z/ also have /v/ and similarly to /z/, the overwhelming majority of languages with are languages of Europe, Africa, or Western Asia, although the similar labiodental approximant /ʋ/ is also common in India. The presence of and absence of , is a very distinctive areal feature of European languages and those of adjacent areas of Siberia and Central Asia. Speakers of East Asian languages that lack this sound may pronounce it as ( Korean and Japanese), or / (Cantonese and Mandarin), and thus be unable to distinguish between a n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Labiodental Nasal
The voiced labiodental nasal is a type of consonantal sound. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is . The IPA symbol is a lowercase letter ''m'' with a leftward hook protruding from the lower right of the letter. Occasionally it is instead transcribed as an with a dental diacritic: (for example in extIPA, where the two transcriptions are presented as variants). The labiodental pronunciation of is very similar to that of the bilabial nasal , but instead of the lips touching each other, the lower lip touches the upper teeth. The position of the lips and teeth is generally the same as for the production of the labiodental fricatives and , though air escapes between the lip and the teeth in the case of the fricatives. Although commonly appearing in languages, it is overwhelmingly an allophone restricted to a position before the labiodental consonants and . A phonemic has only been reported for the Kukuya language, which contrasts it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Labiodental Approximant
The voiced labiodental approximant is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. It is something between an English / w/ and / v/, pronounced with the teeth and lips held in the position used to articulate the letter V. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , a letter ''v'' with a leftward hook protruding from the upper right of the letter, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is P ''or'' v\. With an advanced diacritic, , this letter also indicates a bilabial approximant, though the diacritic is frequently omitted because no contrast is likely. The labiodental approximant is the typical realization of in the Indian South African variety of English. As the voiceless is also realized as an approximant (), it is also an example of a language contrasting voiceless and voiced labiodental approximants. Features Features of the voiced labiodental approximant: Occurrence See also * List of phonetics topics * ''R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
