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Ligustilide
Ligustilide is a natural chemical compound of the dihydro phthalide class. Ligustilide is found in the highest concentration in wild celeries (''Apium graveolens''). It has also been found in ''Angelica sinensis'' and a variety of other plants including '' Todaroa montana''. Potential pharmacology Because of the traditional use of ''Angelica sinesis'' in herbal medicine, particularly traditional Chinese medicine where it is known as ''dong quai'', there has been interest in identifying chemical compounds responsible for its putative pharmacological effects. Ligustilide is typically identified as the principal bioactive component. A variety of ''in vitro'' effects of ligustilide have been reported, including antiinflammatory and neuroprotective effects. However, because of the chemical instability of ligustilide, the relevance of these studies to any effects in humans is uncertain. Herbal extract Ligustilide is a volatile compound, found in the essential oil of various herb root ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phthalide
Phthalide is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C8H6O2. It is a white solid and the simplest benzo lactone. It is prepared from hydroxymethylbenzoic acid. Phthalides The phthalide core is found a variety of more complex chemical compounds including dyes (such as phenolphthalein), fungicides (such as tetrachlorophthalide, often referred to simply as "phthalide"), and natural oils (such as butylphthalide). Examples File:phenolphthalein.svg, Phenolphthalein File:tetrachlorophthalide.svg, Tetrachlorophthalide FIle:Butylphthalide.svg, Butylphthalide See also Phthalide is used in the synthesis of dibenzosuberone Dibenzosuberone is an organic chemical with use in drug synthesis. Chemically speaking, it is benzophenone bonded by a 2 carbon bridge into a seven membered ring. In contrast to dibenzosuberenone, the 2 carbon bridge is saturated with hydrogen an .... References {{reflist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Celery
Celery (''Apium graveolens'' Dulce Group or ''Apium graveolens'' var. ''dulce'') is a cultivated plant belonging to the species ''Apium graveolens'' in the family Apiaceae that has been used as a vegetable since ancient times. The original wild species has been selectively bred over centuries into three primary cultivar groups: stalk celery (Dulce Group), consumed for its fibrous edible stalks; leaf celery (Secalinum Group), grown for its aromatic leaves; and celeriac (Rapaceum Group), cultivated for its large, edible hypocotyl. Celery is characterized by its long, ribbed stalks, pinnate leaves, and small white flowers arranged in umbels. Celery is composed primarily of water (95%) but contains large amounts of vitamin K and negligible fat. The vegetable is commonly consumed raw in salads, cooked in soups and stews, or juiced. Celery seeds, which have a strong, aromatic flavor, are used as a spice or processed into celery salt. Celery is among a small group of foods that may pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angelica Sinensis
''Angelica sinensis'', commonly known as ''dong quai'' () or female ginseng, is a herb belonging to the family Apiaceae, indigenous to China. ''A. sinensis'' grows in cool high altitude mountains in East Asia. The yellowish brown root of the plant is harvested in the fall and used in traditional Chinese medicine. There is no scientific evidence that ''A. sinensis'' is effective for any medicinal purpose. Cultivation Angelica is hardy to and can be cultivated at elevations of . Seedlings need to be kept out of direct sunlight, but the mature plant can withstand it. Angelica requires deep moist fertile soil and is perennial if prevented from going to seed. Traditional Chinese medicine The dried root of ''A. sinensis'' commonly known as Chinese angelica () is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Use and adverse effects Although ''A. sinensis'' has been used safely in doses up to 150 mg daily, there is evidence that it may affect the muscles of the uterus. Anticoagulant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Todaroa Montana
''Todaroa'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apiaceae. It just contains one known species, ''Todaroa aurea''. It is also in the subfamily ''Apioideae'' and it is part of tribe ''Scandiceae'' and subtribe ''Scandicinae''. It is native to the Canary Islands. The genus name of ''Todaroa'' is in honour of Agostino Todaro (1818–1892), an Italian botanist. The Latin specific epithet of ''aurea'' means golden. Both the genus and the species were first described and published in P.B.Webb & S.Berthelot, Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries Series 3 (Vol.2; Issue 2) on page 155 in 1843. There are 2 accepted subspecies In Taxonomy (biology), biological classification, subspecies (: subspecies) is a rank below species, used for populations that live in different areas and vary in size, shape, or other physical characteristics (Morphology (biology), morpholog ...: * ''Todaroa aurea'' subsp. ''aurea'' * ''Todaroa aurea'' subsp. ''suaveolens'' References {{Ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Traditional Chinese Medicine
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an alternative medicine, alternative medical practice drawn from traditional medicine in China. A large share of its claims are pseudoscientific, with the majority of treatments having no robust evidence of effectiveness or logical mechanism of action. Some TCM ingredients Traditional Chinese medicine#Safety, are known to be toxic and cause disease, including cancer. Medicine in traditional China encompassed a range of sometimes competing health and healing practices, folk beliefs, Scholar-official, literati theory and Confucianism, Confucian philosophy, Chinese herbology, herbal remedies, Chinese food therapy, food, diet, exercise, medical specializations, and schools of thought. TCM as it exists today has been described as a largely 20th century invention. In the early twentieth century, Chinese cultural and political modernizers worked to eliminate traditional practices as backward and unscientific. Traditional practitioners then selec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
In Vitro
''In vitro'' (meaning ''in glass'', or ''in the glass'') Research, studies are performed with Cell (biology), cells or biological molecules outside their normal biological context. Colloquially called "test-tube experiments", these studies in biology and its subdisciplines are traditionally done in labware such as test tubes, flasks, Petri dishes, and microtiter plates. Studies conducted using components of an organism that have been isolated from their usual biological surroundings permit a more detailed or more convenient analysis than can be done with whole organisms; however, results obtained from ''in vitro'' experiments may not fully or accurately predict the effects on a whole organism. In contrast to ''in vitro'' experiments, ''in vivo'' studies are those conducted in living organisms, including humans, known as clinical trials, and whole plants. Definition ''In vitro'' (Latin language, Latin for "in glass"; often not italicized in English usage) studies are conducted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angelica Acutiloba
''Angelica acutiloba'' is a perennial herb from the family Apiaceae or Umbelliferous (carrot or parsley family). It is predominately in Japan and perhaps endemism, endemic (unique). It is now distributed widely and cultivated in Jilin, China, Korea, Taiwan, p.25 and Indonesia. The common name of ''Angelica acutiloba'' is known as in Japanese. The root was used as a substitute for the crude drug in Kampō medicine (漢方製薬 Kanpō Seiyaku), which is a Japanese adaptation of Traditional Chinese medicine. The Traditional Chinese medicine uses the root of a different species ''A. sinensis'', . The Latin pharmacological name for the crude drug, ''Radix Angelica sinensis'', refers to the dried roots of ''A. sinensis''. In China, as a substitute species, ''A. acutiloba'', is known as . Literally “东” means “eastern” or “东洋”, which is equivalent to the meaning of Japan. So the medicine is also called as Japanese Angelica root. (See #Etymology) The Japanese name, , ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angelica Archangelica
''Angelica archangelica'', commonly known as angelica, garden angelica, wild celery, and Norwegian angelica, is a biennial plant from the family Apiaceae, a subspecies of which is cultivated for its sweetly scented edible stems and roots. Like several other species in Apiaceae, its appearance is similar to several poisonous species ('' Conium'', '' Heracleum'', and others), and should not be consumed unless it has been identified with absolute certainty. Synonyms include ''Archangelica officinalis'' and ''Angelica officinalis'' Description and distribution During its first year, it grows only leaves, but during its second year, its fluted stem can reach a height of 2.5 meters (just over 8 feet), and the root is used in flavoring preparations. Its leaves consist of numerous small leaflets divided into three principal groups, each of which is again subdivided into three lesser groups. The edges of the leaflets are finely toothed or serrated. The flowers, which blossom in July, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polysaccharide
Polysaccharides (), or polycarbohydrates, are the most abundant carbohydrates found in food. They are long-chain polymeric carbohydrates composed of monosaccharide units bound together by glycosidic linkages. This carbohydrate can react with water (hydrolysis) using amylase enzymes as catalyst, which produces constituent sugars (monosaccharides or oligosaccharides). They range in structure from linear to highly branched. Examples include storage polysaccharides such as starch, glycogen and galactogen and structural polysaccharides such as hemicellulose and chitin. Polysaccharides are often quite heterogeneous, containing slight modifications of the repeating unit. Depending on the structure, these macromolecules can have distinct properties from their monosaccharide building blocks. They may be amorphous or even insoluble in water. When all the monosaccharides in a polysaccharide are the same type, the polysaccharide is called a homopolysaccharide or homoglycan, but when more t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phthalides
Phthalide is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C8H6O2. It is a white solid and the simplest benzo lactone. It is prepared from hydroxymethylbenzoic acid. Phthalides The phthalide core is found a variety of more complex chemical compounds including dyes (such as phenolphthalein), fungicides (such as tetrachlorophthalide, often referred to simply as "phthalide"), and natural oils (such as butylphthalide). Examples File:phenolphthalein.svg, Phenolphthalein File:tetrachlorophthalide.svg, Tetrachlorophthalide FIle:Butylphthalide.svg, Butylphthalide Butylphthalide (3-''n''-butylphthalide or NBP) is one of the chemical constituents in celery oil, along with sedanolide, which is primarily responsible for the aroma and taste of celery. Studies in animal models suggest that butylphthalide may b ... See also Phthalide is used in the synthesis of dibenzosuberone. References {{reflist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angelica
''Angelica'' is a genus of about 90 species of tall Biennial plant, biennial and Perennial plant, perennial herbaceous, herbs in the family Apiaceae, native to temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere, reaching as far north as Iceland, Sápmi (area), Sápmi, and Greenland. They grow to tall, with large bipinnate leaf, leaves and large compound umbels of white or greenish-white flowers. It shows variations in fruit anatomy, leaf morphology, and subterranean structures. The genes are extremely polymorphic. Some species can be found in Purple moor grass and rush pastures, purple moor and rush pastures. Characteristics ''Angelica'' species grow to tall, with large bipinnate leaf, leaves and large compound umbels of white or greenish-white flowers. Their large, sparkling, starburst flowers are pollinated by a great variety of insects (the generalist pollination syndrome), the floral scents are species-specific, and even specific to particular subspecies. The ac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
