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Liberty (yacht)
''Liberty'' (US-40) was an American racing yacht in the 12-metre class that unsuccessfully defended the 1983 America's Cup. After a competition with '' Defender'' and '' Courageous'', ''Liberty'' was selected as the defender. She lost to ''Australia II'' by 3–4 in the America's Cup. Background Following the 1980 America's Cup where '' Freedom'' defeated ''Australia'', the Freedom ’83 Defence Syndicate, whose fundraising was run through the Maritime College at the Fort Schuyler Foundation, made the decision to commission two new 12 metre yachts for the 1983 defence. Dennis Conner asked the designers to take risks so that the new boat would not simply be a refined version of ''Freedom'', rather a new design that broke through her. The first boat, ''Spirit of America'' (US-34), was designed by Bill Langan from Sparkman & Stephens. Langan described it as a "large, light twelve." The second boat, ''Magic'' (US-38), was designed by Johan Valentijn. Valentijn sought to build a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
12-metre Class
The 12 Metre class is a rating class for racing sailboats that are designed to the International rule. It enables fair competition between boats that rate in the class whilst retaining the freedom to experiment with the details of their designs. The designation "12 Metre" does not refer to any single measurement on the boat, and is not referencing the vessels overall length, rather, measures the sum of the components directed by the formula which governs design and construction parameters. Typically 12 Metre class boats range from 65 to 75 feet (about 20 to 23 m) in length overall; they are most often sloop-rigged, with masts roughly 85 feet (26 m) tall. The first 12 Metres were built in 1907. The 12 Metre class was used in the Olympic Games of 1908, 1912 and 1920 but few boats participated in these events. The 12 Metre class boats are best known as the boat design used in the America's Cup from 1958 to 1987. Competitiveness between boats in the class is maintained by requiring ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australia (KA-5)
''Australia'' (KA–5) is an Australian 12 metre racing yacht that twice challenged unsuccessfully for the America's Cup in 1977 and 1980. Designed by Ben Lexcen in association with Dutch designer Johan Valentijn for Alan Bond, ''Australia'' failed to win a single race against the 1977 defender, '' Courageous'' (US-26), but won one race against the 1980 defender, ''Freedom'' (US-30). ''Australia'' resides in Sydney, Australia. Design and construction ''Australia'' was designed during 1976 by Ben Lexcen in association with the Dutch designer Johan Valentijn. Both men spent seven months experimenting with 1/9th scale models in the University of Delft test tank in the Netherlands.KA-5 Australia Australian Twelves Association ''Australia'' is a conventional design and has been descri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sailing Yachts Built In The United States
Sailing employs the wind—acting on sails, wingsails or kites—to propel a craft on the surface of the ''water'' (sailing ship, sailboat, raft, windsurfer, or kitesurfer), on ''ice'' (iceboat) or on ''land'' (land yacht) over a chosen course, which is often part of a larger plan of navigation. From prehistory until the second half of the 19th century, sailing craft were the primary means of maritime trade and transportation; exploration across the seas and oceans was reliant on sail for anything other than the shortest distances. Naval power in this period used sail to varying degrees depending on the current technology, culminating in the gun-armed sailing warships of the Age of Sail. Sail was slowly replaced by steam as the method of propulsion for ships over the latter part of the 19th century – seeing a gradual improvement in the technology of steam through a number of developmental steps. Steam allowed scheduled services that ran at higher average speeds than sailing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1980s Sailing Yachts
__NOTOC__ Year 198 (CXCVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Sergius and Gallus (or, less frequently, year 951 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 198 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire *January 28 **Publius Septimius Geta, son of Septimius Severus, receives the title of Caesar. **Caracalla, son of Septimius Severus, is given the title of Augustus. China *Winter – Battle of Xiapi: The allied armies led by Cao Cao and Liu Bei defeat Lü Bu; afterward Cao Cao has him executed. By topic Religion * Marcus I succeeds Olympianus as Patriarch of Constantinople (until 211). Births * Lu Kai, Chinese official and general (d. 269) * Quan Cong, Chinese general and advisor (d. 249) Deaths * Li Jue, Chinese warlord and reg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
12-metre Class Yachts
1 (one, unit, unity) is a number, numeral, and glyph. It is the first and smallest positive integer of the infinite sequence of natural numbers. This fundamental property has led to its unique uses in other fields, ranging from science to sports, where it commonly denotes the first, leading, or top thing in a group. 1 is the unit of counting or measurement, a determiner for singular nouns, and a gender-neutral pronoun. Historically, the representation of 1 evolved from ancient Sumerian and Babylonian symbols to the modern Arabic numeral. In mathematics, 1 is the multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. 1 is by convention not considered a prime number. In digital technology, 1 represents the "on" state in binary code, the foundation of computing. Philosophically, 1 symbolizes the ultimate reality or source of existence in various traditions. In mathematics The number 1 is the first natural number after 0. Each natural number, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australia II
''Australia II'' (KA 6) is an Australian 12-metre-class America's Cup challenge racing yacht that was launched in 1982 and won the 1983 America's Cup for the Royal Perth Yacht Club. Skippered by John Bertrand, she was the first successful Cup challenger, ending a 132-year tenure (with 26 successful defences) by the New York Yacht Club. Design ''Australia II'' was designed by Ben Lexcen, built by Steve Ward, owned by Alan Bond and skippered by John Bertrand. Lexcen's ''Australia II'' design featured a reduced waterline length and a short chord winged keel which gave the boat a significant advantage in manoeuvrability and heeling moment (lower ballast centre of gravity) but it was a significant disadvantage in choppy seas. The boat was also very quick in stays. The winged keel was a major design advance, and its legality was questioned by the New York Yacht Club. During the summer of 1983, as selection trials took place for the Cup defence that autumn, the New York Yacht Clu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Bertrand (Australian Sailor)
John Edwin Bertrand Order of Australia, AO (born 20 December 1946) is a yachtsman from Australia, who skippered ''Australia II'' to victory in the 1983 America's Cup, ending 132 years of American supremacy, and the only time Australia has won. Bertrand won the bronze medal in the Finn (dinghy), Finn competition at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal. In 2010 and 2016, he won the world Etchells class sailing championships. He is a life member of both the Royal Brighton Yacht Club in Melbourne, and the Sorrento Sailing Couta Boat Club. Biography John Bertrand was born in Melbourne, Victoria (Australia), Victoria. He wrote ''Born to Win'', ''The Power of a Vision,'' about the 1983 America's Cup victory, including insightful observations on the strategy for an unfavoured team against very long odds. During the 1983 competition, Bertrand and his crew deliberately employed their own psychological strategy ahead of the America's Cup breakthrough in refusing to refer to the all-conq ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freedom (yacht)
''Freedom'' (12 meter US-30) is a 12-metre class racing yacht and winner of the 1980 America's Cup, defeating the challenging yacht Australia (yacht), ''Australia'' under skipper Dennis Conner. ''Freedom'' was designed with an alloy rather than a wood hull by Sparkman & Stephens, Olin Stephens and Bill Langan, and constructed at Minneford Yacht Yard. She was skippered in the Cup by Dennis Conner. Today ''Freedom'' is available for charter out of Newport, Rhode Island from America's Cup Charters, along with fellow America's Cup winners ''Intrepid (yacht), Intrepid'' and ''Weatherly (yacht), Weatherly''. References * America's Cup defenders Individual sailing vessels 12-metre class yachts Yachts of New York Yacht Club members Sailboat type designs by Olin Stephens Sailboat type designs by Sparkman and Stephens 1980s sailing yachts Sailing yachts built in the United States 1980 America's Cup {{boat-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johan Valentijn
{{disambiguation ...
Johan may refer to: * Johan (given name) * ''Johan'' (1921 film), a Swedish film directed by Mauritz Stiller * Johan (2005 film), a Dutch romantic comedy film * Johan (band), a Dutch pop-group ** ''Johan'' (album), a 1996 album by the group * Johan Peninsula, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada * Jo-Han, a manufacturer of plastic scale model kits See also * John (name) John ( ) is a common male name in the English language ultimately of Biblical Hebrew, Hebrew origin. The English form is from Middle English ''Ioon'', ''Ihon'', ''Iohn, Jan'' (mid-12c.), itself from Old French ''Jan'', ''Jean'', ''Jehan'' (Moder ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1980 America's Cup
The 1980 America's Cup was held in September 1980 at Newport, Rhode Island. The US defender, ''Freedom (yacht), Freedom'', skippered by Dennis Conner, defeated the Australian challenger, Australia (yacht), ''Australia'', skippered by James Hardy (sailor), James Hardy, four races to one. This was the last successful defense of the cup by the New York Yacht Club and the last defender designed by the naval architectural firm Sparkman & Stephens. It was the sixth unsuccessful challenge by Australia and the third by Alan Bond (businessman), Alan Bond. ''Freedom'' had beaten ''Courageous (yacht), Courageous'' and ''Clipper (yacht), Clipper'' to become the defender. ''Australia'' had beaten ''France III'', ''Lionheart (yacht), Lionheart'' and ''Sverige (yacht), Sverige'' to become the challenger. Crew ''Freedom (yacht), Freedom's'' crew included skipper Dennis Conner, navigator Halsey Herreshoff, tactician Dennis Durgan, trimmer John Marshall (sailor), John Marshall, grinders Rives Pott ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australia II
''Australia II'' (KA 6) is an Australian 12-metre-class America's Cup challenge racing yacht that was launched in 1982 and won the 1983 America's Cup for the Royal Perth Yacht Club. Skippered by John Bertrand, she was the first successful Cup challenger, ending a 132-year tenure (with 26 successful defences) by the New York Yacht Club. Design ''Australia II'' was designed by Ben Lexcen, built by Steve Ward, owned by Alan Bond and skippered by John Bertrand. Lexcen's ''Australia II'' design featured a reduced waterline length and a short chord winged keel which gave the boat a significant advantage in manoeuvrability and heeling moment (lower ballast centre of gravity) but it was a significant disadvantage in choppy seas. The boat was also very quick in stays. The winged keel was a major design advance, and its legality was questioned by the New York Yacht Club. During the summer of 1983, as selection trials took place for the Cup defence that autumn, the New York Y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
