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Liberalism In Costa Rica
Liberalism in Costa Rica is a political philosophy with a long and complex history. Liberals were the hegemonic political group for most of Costa Rica's history especially during the periods of the Free State and the First Republic, however, as the liberal model exhausted itself and new more left-wing reformist movements clashed during the Costa Rican Civil War liberalism was relegated to a secondary role after the Second Costa Rican Republic with the development of Costa Rica's Welfare State and its two-party system controlled by social-democratic and Christian democratic parties. Early history The first victory of liberalism in the country was during the country's first civil war, the Ochomogo War in 1823 when the liberal-dominated cities of San José and Alajuela fought against the conservative-dominated cities of Heredia and Cartago due to the former's wish to split from the First Mexican Empire and becoming a Republic, whilst the Heredian and Cartaginese creole aristocr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Costa Rica
Costa Rica, officially the Republic of Costa Rica, is a country in Central America. It borders Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the northeast, Panama to the southeast, and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, as well as Maritime boundary, maritime border with Ecuador to the south of Cocos Island. It has a population of around five million in a land area of nearly . An estimated people live in the capital and largest city, San José, Costa Rica, San José, with around two million people in the surrounding metropolitan area. The sovereign state is a Presidential system, presidential republic. It has a long-standing and stable Constitution of Costa Rica, constitutional democracy and a highly educated workforce. The country spends roughly 6.9% of its budget (2016) on education, compared to a global average of 4.4%. Its economy, once heavily dependent on agriculture, has diversified to include sectors such as finance, corporate services for foreign companies, pharmaceut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Braulio Carrillo
Braulio Evaristo Carrillo Colina (March 20, 1800, in Cartago, Costa Rica – May 15, 1845) was the Head of State of Costa Rica (the title as it was known before the reform of 1848) during two periods: the first between 1835 and 1837, and the de facto between 1838 and 1842. Before becoming head of state, Carrillo held a number of public positions, including Judge and Chairman of the Supreme Court of Costa Rica, member of the Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica and member of the Congress of the Federal Republic of Central America. Biography Braulio Carrillo studied law at the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua in León, Nicaragua. At the early age of 28 years was elected to the legislature for a period of two years, and for a brief period held the position of president of the legislature. In 1834, he was sent as a representative of Costa Rica to the Central American Congress, in El Salvador. Upon the resignation of Costa Rica's head of state José Rafael Gallegos in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascensión Esquivel Ibarra
Ascensión Esquivel Ibarra (10 May 1844 – 15 April 1923) was a Nicaraguan-born President of Costa Rica Costa Rica, officially the Republic of Costa Rica, is a country in Central America. It borders Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the northeast, Panama to the southeast, and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, as well as Maritime bo ... from 1902 to 1906. Esquivel became a naturalized Costa Rican in 1869. He was also a lawyer and a university professor. After his presidential term, he served as the president of the Supreme Court of Costa Rica from 1917 to 1920. President of Costa Rica He first ran for the presidency in 1889 but was defeated by José Joaquín Rodríguez. He took up the challenge of running for president in the 1901 elections, which he consequently won. This was his second presidential bid and 1902 saw the start of his only presidency. His government had to assume a nation with a still weak and little developed economy; however, his governme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfredo González Flores
Alfredo González Flores (15 June 1877 - 28 December 1962), served as President (government title), President of Costa Rica from 1914 to 1917. He was unable to complete his presidential mandate following a 1917 Costa Rican coup d'état, coup d'état on 27 January 1917, led by Federico Tinoco, his secretary for War and the Navy. Early life González was born in Heredia, Costa Rica on 15 June 1877 as the son of Domingo González Pérez and Elemberta Flores Zamora. He graduated from the in 1896 and obtained his law degree in 1903. Political years He was called to the Presidency on 8 May 1914 by the Constitutional Congress of Costa Rica, Congress, as part of a pact between the two major political parties, the National Republican Party (Costa Rica), Republican Party and the National Union Party (Costa Rica), Duranista party, after none of the three competing parties managed to secure an absolute majority. Political scientist James L. Busey called him a "compromise dark horse candida ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno
Romualdo Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno (6 February 1859 – 4 January 1945) was a Costa Rican lawyer and statesman who served as President of Costa Rica on three separate occasions: 1910–1914, 1924–1928, and 1932–1936. A prominent figure in Costa Rican liberal politics, he was affiliated with the Republican Party and later the National Republican Party. In addition to his presidential terms, Jiménez was elected to the Constitutional Congress on three occasions. He also held key positions in the executive and judicial branches, serving as Secretary of Foreign Affairs from 1889 to 1890 and as President of the Supreme Court of Justice from 1890 to 1892. The son of two-time president Jesús Jiménez Zamora, Ricardo Jiménez was one of the most prominent lawyers and liberal politicians in Costa Rican history. He graduated from the University of Santo Tomás and built a career that would span multiple branches of government. Shortly before the beginning of his first presid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cleto González Víquez
Cleto de Jesús González Víquez (13 October 1858 – 23 September 1937) was a Costa Rican lawyer, historian and politician who served as the 18th and 26th President of Costa Rica, serving from 1906 to 1910 and 1928 to 1932. Alongside Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno, González is regarded as one of the most influential Costa Rican Liberalism in Costa Rica, liberal political figures of the 20th century. González was born in Barva (canton), Barva, Heredia Province, Heredia, on 13 October 1858, the son of Cleto González Pérez and Aurora Víquez Murillo. He pursued a career in law and public service and became widely known for his contributions to the political and institutional development of Costa Rica. In 1889, he married Adela Herrán Bonilla. He died in San José, Costa Rica, San José on 23 September 1937. In recognition of his service to the nation, González Víquez was posthumously awarded the title of ''Benemérito de la Patria'' (Meritorious of the Homeland) on 5 October ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bernardo Soto Alfaro
Ramón Bernardo Soto Alfaro (12 February 1854 – 1931) was President of Costa Rica from 1885 to 1889 during the Liberal State. Biography Early life On 12 February 1854, Soto was born to Apolinar de Jesús Soto Quesada and Joaquina Alfaro Muñoz in Alajuela. In 1871, he obtained a bachelor's degree in science and arts in San José, and on 10 December 1877, he obtained his law degree in the University of Santo Tomás, practicing until 1880. The following year he was governor of Alajuela Province. In 1882, he became , and then Secretary of the Army and Navy. On 15 May 1885, congress made him divisional general and awarded him the honarary title "Benemérito de la Patria" (Meritorious of the Country); in the same year, he was decorated by the Venezuelan government and made academician of the Royal Academy of Jurisprudence and Legislation of Spain. He was a distinguished member of the Olympus generation. Presidency Soto succeeded his brother-in-law, Próspero Fernández Oreamun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Próspero Fernández Oreamuno
Juan Primitivo Próspero Fernández Oreamuno (July 18, 1834 – March 12, 1885) was President of Costa Rica from 1882 to 1885. Fernández studied philosophy at the University of San Carlos of Guatemala before embarking on a military career. He fought in the war of 1856–1857 against William Walker and participated in the military coup that overthrew Jesús Jiménez in 1870. He was married to a sister of Tomás Guardia and under Guardia's government he was appointed commander of the Alajuela barracks and given the rank of Major General. He was elected to succeed Guardia in 1882. As president he implemented measures that sought to undermine the power of the Roman Catholic Church. He withdrew the Concordat with the ... with the Jesuits and the Bishop (Catholic Church)">bishop of Costa Rica from the country, and in 1884 passed laws that placed cemeteries under state control, introduced civil marriage, and legalized divorce. The most powerful figure within his governmen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bruno Carranza Ramírez
José Bruno Carranza Ramírez (October 5, 1822 – January 25, 1891) was briefly President of Costa Rica (albeit with the title ''Temporary Head of the Republic'') in 1870. Bruno Carranza came to power in the coup d'état of 27 April 1870 that deposed President Jesús Jiménez. He resigned three months later. His parents were Miguel Carranza Fernández (Vice-Head of State between 1838 and 1841) and Joaquina Ramírez y García. In 1847 he married Gerónima Montealegre, sister of President José María Montealegre Fernández. His great-great-granddaughter is actress Madeleine Stowe. Studies and career Carranza graduated in medicine from the University of San Carlos in Guatemala. After returning to Costa Rica he practiced both privately and in the State-run Hospital San Juan de Dios. He was inspector general of vaccinations and proto-medicines. He served in Nicaragua as a military doctor during the 1856 Campaign against William Walker, but had to return almost immediately d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Filibuster War
The Filibuster War, otherwise referred to as the Walker affair, or The National Campaign of 1856 and 1857 in Costa Rica, was a military conflict between filibustering multinational troops stationed in Nicaragua and a coalition of Central American armies. An American mercenary, William Walker, and his small private army were invited to Nicaragua in 1855. He seized control of the country by 1856, but was ousted the following year. Background Nicaragua's independence from Spain, Mexico, and then from the United Provinces of Central America in 1838 did not free it from foreign interference. The 1850s California Gold Rush created interest in the United States in finding a quicker route between the American east and west coasts. However, Great Britain had long been present on the coast of Nicaragua, which created tension between the two countries. The Clayton–Bulwer Treaty was signed in 1850, in which both sides "agreed that neither would claim exclusive power over a future ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juan Rafael Mora Porras
Juan Rafael Mora Porras (8 February 1814, San José, Costa Rica – 30 September 1860) was President of Costa Rica from 1849 to 1859. Life and career Mora first assumed the presidency upon the resignation of his younger brother, Miguel Mora Porras. He was subsequently elected in his own right in 1853, and he was reelected in 1859. He (along with the rest of his administration) focused on modifying the Costa Rican constitution, with one of his modifications being an increase in the requirements to hold Costa Rican citizenship—including a high yearly income. He therefore left the majority of the population without the rights to vote and run for office (Conversely, the previous electoral system required citizens to be male, born in the country, and of age to have electoral rights). As Mora’s dramatic change to Costa Rica’s constitution coincided with the privatization of the country’s commons, its landless peasants were now left helpless. As Mora altogether deprived t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tomás Guardia
{{disambiguation ...
Tomás may refer to: * Tomás (given name) * Tomás (surname) Tomás is a Spanish, Portuguese, or Irish surname, equivalent of '' Thomas''. It may refer to: * Antonio Tomás (born 1985), professional Spanish footballer * Belarmino Tomás (1892–1950), Asturian trade unionist and socialist politician * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
