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Liberal International
Liberal International (LI) is a worldwide organization of liberalism, liberal political parties. The political international was founded in Oxford in 1947 and has become the pre-eminent network for liberal and progressive democratic parties aiming to strengthen liberalism and democratic values around the world. Its headquarters are within the National Liberal Club. The Oxford Manifesto describes the basic political principles of the Liberal International, which is currently made up of 111 parties and organizations. Aims The Liberal International Constitution (2005) gives its purposes as: The principles that unite member parties from Africa, America, Asia and Europe are respect for human rights, free and fair elections and Multi-party system, multi-party democracy, social justice, Toleration, tolerance, market economy, free trade, environmental sustainability and a strong sense of international solidarity. The aims of Liberal International are also set out in a series of seve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxford Manifesto
{{Liberalism sidebar The Oxford Manifesto, drawn up in April 1947 by representatives from 19 liberal political parties at Wadham College in Oxford, led by Salvador de Madariaga, is a document that describes the basic political principles of the Liberal International. Fifty years on, in 1997, the Liberal International returned to Oxford and issued a supplement to the original manifesto, called ''The Liberal Agenda for the 21st century'', describing Liberal policies in greater detail. It was adopted by the 48th Congress of Liberal International, which was held on 27–30 November 1997 in the Oxford Town Hall. Text We, Liberals of nineteen countries assembled at Oxford at a time of disorder, poverty, famine and fear caused by two World Wars; Convinced that this condition of the world is largely due to the abandonment of liberal principles; Affirm our faith in this Declaration: ::I 1. Man is first and foremost a being endowed with the power of independent thought and action, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Free Trade
Free trade is a trade policy that does not restrict imports or exports. In government, free trade is predominantly advocated by political parties that hold Economic liberalism, economically liberal positions, while economic nationalist political parties generally support protectionism, the opposite of free trade. Most nations are today members of the World Trade Organization multilateral trade agreements. States can unilaterally reduce regulations and duties on imports and exports, as well as form bilateral and multilateral free trade agreements. Free trade areas between groups of countries, such as the European Economic Area and the Mercosur open markets, establish a free trade zone among members while creating a protectionist barrier between that free trade area and the rest of the world. Most governments still impose some protectionist policies that are intended to support local employment, such as applying tariffs to imports or Subsidy, subsidies to exports. Governments may ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Assembly Of South Africa
The National Assembly is the directly elected house of the Parliament of South Africa, located in Cape Town, Western Cape. It consists of four hundred members who are elected every five years using a party-list proportional representation system where half of the members are elected proportionally from nine provincial lists and the remaining half from national lists so as to restore proportionality. The National Assembly is presided over by a Speaker, assisted by a Deputy Speaker. The current speaker as of 14 June 2024 is Thoko Didiza ( ANC). The Deputy Speaker is Annelie Lotriet ( DA) since 14 June 2024. The National Assembly chamber was destroyed in a fire in January 2022. National Assembly sittings are now held in the old Good Hope Chamber, which is within the precincts of parliament. Allocation The National Assembly seats are allocated using a proportional representation system with closed lists. Seats are first allocated according to the (integer part of the) Dro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is the Earth, global intergovernmental organization established by the signing of the Charter of the United Nations, UN Charter on 26 June 1945 with the stated purpose of maintaining international peace and international security, security, to develop friendly Diplomacy, relations among State (polity), states, to promote international cooperation, and to serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of states in achieving those goals. The United Nations headquarters is located in New York City, with several other offices located in United Nations Office at Geneva, Geneva, United Nations Office at Nairobi, Nairobi, United Nations Office at Vienna, Vienna, and The Hague. The UN comprises six principal organizations: the United Nations General Assembly, General Assembly, the United Nations Security Council, Security Council, the United Nations Economic and Social Council, Economic and Social Council, the International Court of Justice, the United Nations Se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juli Minoves
Juli Minoves i Triquell (; born 15 August 1969) is an Andorran diplomat, author, and the 13th President of Liberal International. Biography Minoves was educated as an economist (University of Fribourg) and Political Scientist (Yale University). Minoves served as Foreign Minister of Andorra from 12 April 2001 until 7 May 2007, at which point in time he was appointed Minister of Public Affairs (Government Spokesman), of Culture and Higher Education. From December 2007 until May 2009 he was Minister of Public Affairs, of Economic Development, Tourism, Culture and Universities. Previously to his ministerial positions, Minoves had served Andorra as Ambassador Permanent representative to the United Nations, Ambassador to the United States of America, to Canada, the United Kingdom, Spain, Switzerland, Finland, and the World Trade Organization. Minoves is vice president and member of the bureau (twice elected) of Liberal International. In 2014, he was elected President of Liberal Inter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Popular Movement (Morocco)
The Popular Movement (; ; , MP) is a royalist and traditionalist rural-focused political party in Morocco. It is a member of Liberal International. The party has a history of cooperating with two other parties with a liberal orientation, the National Rally of Independents and the Constitutional Union, since 1993. History The Popular Movement was founded in 1957 by the Berber tribal chief Mahjoubi Aherdane with help from Abdelkrim al-Khatib who founded later a splinter party (''Mouvement populaire démocratique et constitutionnel'') that became the Justice and Development Party. It was initially a rural party with conservative and tribal orientation, that unconditionally supported the monarchy and aimed at countering the nationalist Istiqlal Party. Despite them being socially conservative, the party claimed to be Islamic socialists. They advocated for the distribution of land previously owned by French to tribes and local communities and that communal lands be administrat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hakima El Haite
Hakima El Haite (born 13 May 1963) is a Moroccan climate scientist, entrepreneur and politician. In 1994 she founded EauGlobe, the first environmental engineering firm in the MENA region. She served as minister delegate in charge of the environment for the Kingdom of Morocco from 2013 to 2017. In 2015, she was elected vice president of the United Nations Climate Change Conference ( COP21). She was appointed special envoy for climate change of the Kingdom of Morocco from 2015 to 2017 and the high level climate champion of the United Nations International Climate Conference (COP22) from 2016 to 2017. She was the president of the Liberal International since December 2018 until December 2024. the first non-European in this post. Early life and education El Haite was born in Fez on 13 May 1963. She has a degree in biology and microbiology from Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University in Fez (1986), a postgraduate degree in ecotoxicology from Moulay Ismail University in Meknes (19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adolfo Suárez
Adolfo Suárez González, 1st Duke of Suárez (; 25 September 1932 – 23 March 2014) was a Spanish lawyer and politician. Suárez was Spain's first democratically elected Prime Minister of Spain, prime minister since the Second Spanish Republic and a key figure in Spanish transition to democracy, the country's transition to democracy after Francoist Spain, the dictatorship of Francisco Franco. When Spain was still an autocratic regime, he was appointed prime minister by King Juan Carlos in 1976, hoping that his government could bring about democracy. At the time of his appointment, he was not a well-known figure, making many political forces skeptical of his government. However, he oversaw the end of the Cortes Españolas, Francoist Cortes, and the legalisation of all political parties (including the Communist Party of Spain, a particularly difficult move). He led the Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain), Union of the Democratic Centre and won the 1977 Spanish general electio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francoist Spain
Francoist Spain (), also known as the Francoist dictatorship (), or Nationalist Spain () was the period of Spanish history between 1936 and 1975, when Francisco Franco ruled Spain after the Spanish Civil War with the title . After his death in 1975, Spain transitioned into a democracy. During Franco's rule, Spain was officially known as the Spanish State (). The informal term "Fascist Spain" is also used, especially before and during World War II. During its existence, the nature of the regime evolved and changed. Months after the start of the Civil War in July 1936, Franco emerged as the dominant rebel military leader and he was proclaimed head of state on 1 October 1936, ruling a dictatorship over the territory which was controlled by the Nationalist faction. The 1937 Unification Decree, which merged all of the parties which supported the rebel side, led to Nationalist Spain becoming a single-party regime under the FET y de las JONS. The end of the Civil War in 1939 bro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otto Graf Lambsdorff
Otto Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von der Wenge Graf Lambsdorff, known as Otto Graf Lambsdorff (20 December 1926 – 5 December 2009), was a German politician of the Free Democratic Party (FDP). He was the German Federal Minister of Economics from 1977 to 1984, when he resigned due to corruption allegations. Early life and education Lambsdorff was born in Aachen (Rhineland) to Herbert Graf Lambsdorff and Eva, ''née'' Schmidt. He attended school in Berlin and Brandenburg an der Havel and became an officer cadet in the Wehrmacht in 1944. In April 1945 he was severely wounded in an Allied strafing attack and lost his lower left leg. Lambsdorff was a prisoner of war until 1946. After World War II he passed his Abitur and studied law at the Universities of Bonn and Cologne where he obtained a PhD. Political career In 1951, Lambsdorff became a member of the liberal FDP, and from 1972 to 1998 he represented this party in the Federal parliament, the ''Bundestag''. Within and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frits Bolkestein
Frederik "Frits" Bolkestein (; 4 April 1933 – 17 February 2025) was a Dutch politician and energy executive who served as Leader of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) from 1990 to 1998 and List of European Commissioners by nationality, European Commissioner for European Commissioner for Internal Market, Internal Market from 1999 until 2004 under Romano Prodi. Bolkestein worked as a corporate director for Royal Dutch Shell from May 1960 until July 1976 and as a manager for an engineering company in Amsterdam from September 1976 until January 1978. Bolkestein became a member of the House of Representatives (Netherlands), House of Representatives shortly after 1977 Dutch general election, election of 1977 taking office on 16 January 1978 serving as a frontbencher and spokesman for Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy, Economic Affairs. After the 1982 Dutch general election, election of 1982 Bolkestein was appointed List of Ministers of Economic Affairs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
