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Li A
Li A (, fl. 229-259) was a legendary Daoist ("transcendent; 'immortal'") and diviner who founded of the Way of the Li Family, which was one of the oldest schools of religious Daoism that was popular throughout South China during the Six Dynasties (220-589). Owing to his extraordinary lifespan, Li A's sobriquet was Babaisui gong (, "Sir Eight-Hundred-Years-Old"), which resulted in confusion or conflation with several other transcendents, one named Li Babai (, "Li Eight-Hundred Years-Old), and the charlatan Li Tuo () who took the name Li Babai Names The Chinese name combines the common surname (, lit. "plum, ") and the given name (, frequently used in Chinese kinship terms, e.g., , "mom; mommy" and transliterations, , "Amitābha"). In addition to , this character was originally pronounced (, "mountain slope; embankment"). The Li surname is traditionally associated with Daoism, for instance the ("master of methods") and alchemist Li Shaojun (fl. 133 BCE), the astronomer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Bronze Inscriptions
Chinese bronze inscriptions, also commonly referred to as bronze script or bronzeware script, are writing in a variety of Chinese scripts on ritual bronzes such as ''zhōng'' bells and '' dǐng'' tripodal cauldrons from the Shang dynasty (2nd millennium BC) to the Zhou dynasty (11th–3rd century BC) and even later. Early bronze inscriptions were almost always cast (that is, the writing was done with a stylus in the wet clay of the piece-mold from which the bronze was then cast), while later inscriptions were often engraved after the bronze was cast. The bronze inscriptions are one of the earliest scripts in the Chinese family of scripts, preceded by the oracle bone script. Terminology For the early Western Zhou to early Warring States period, the bulk of writing which has been unearthed has been in the form of bronze inscriptions. As a result, it is common to refer to the variety of scripts of this period as "bronze script", even though there is no single such script. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Kinship
The Chinese kinship system () is classified as a "Sudanese" or "descriptive" system for the definition of family. The Chinese kinship system is among the most complicated of all kinship systems. It maintains a separate designation for almost every member's kin based on their generation, lineage, relative age, and gender. In the Chinese kinship system: * Maternal and paternal lineages are distinguished. For example, a mother's brother and a father's brother have different terms. * The relative age of a sibling relation is considered. For example, a father's younger brother has a different terminology than his older brother. * The gender of the relative is distinguished, as in English. * The generation from ego is indicated, like in English. Chinese kinship is agnatic, emphasizing patrilineality. Kinship and Chinese societies Literature and history Kinship terms appeared in the earliest Chinese lexicon, ''Erya''. Chapter Four Shiqin (释亲/釋親) is dedicated to an explana ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baopuzi
The ''Baopuzi'' () is a literary work written by Ge Hong (also transliterated as Ko Hung) (), 283–343, a scholar during the turbulent Jin dynasty. ''Baopuzi'' is divided into two main sections, the esoteric ''Neipian'' () "Inner Chapters" and equally exoteric ''Waipian'' () "Outer Chapters". The Taoist Inner Chapters discuss topics such as techniques to achieve "hsien" () "immortality; transcendence", Chinese alchemy, elixirs, and demonology. The Confucian Outer Chapters discuss Chinese literature, Legalism, politics, and society. Title The eponymous title ''Baopuzi'' derives from Ge Hong's ''hao'' (), the ''hao'' being a type of sobriquet or pseudonym. Baopuzi literally means "The Master Who Embraces Simplicity;" compounded from the words ''bao'' () meaning "embrace; hug; carry; hold in both arms; cherish"; '' pu'' () meaning "uncarved wood", also being a Taoist metaphor for a "person's original nature; simple; plain"; and, ''zi'' (子) meaning "child; offspring; mas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ge Hong
Ge Hong (; b. 283 – d. 343 or 364), courtesy name Zhichuan (稚川), was a Chinese linguist, Taoist practitioner, philosopher, physician, politician, and writer during the Eastern Jin dynasty. He was the author of '' Essays on Chinese Characters'', the ''Baopuzi'', the ''Emergency Formulae at an Elbow's Length'', among others. He was the originator of first aid in traditional Chinese medicine and influenced later generations. Early life Ge Hong was born as the third son into a well-established family, his father died when he was 13. Career In his public service role as an official, he was often asked to appraise his friends and acquaintances as possible candidates for government office positions and was also chosen to perform military service. However, he was unhappy with his life as an official. Although he never rejected Confucianism, he grew interested in Taoist cultivation and using drugs so he could achieve the spiritual freedoms of Taoist Immortality. He wrote an au ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patrilineality
Patrilineality, also known as the male line, the spear side or agnatic kinship, is a common kinship system in which an individual's family membership derives from and is recorded through their father's lineage. It generally involves the inheritance of property, rights, names, or titles by persons related through male kin. This is sometimes distinguished from cognate kinship, through the mother's lineage, also called the spindle side or the distaff side. A patriline ("father line") is a person's father, and additional ancestors, as traced only through males. Traditionally and historically people would identify the person's ethnicity with the father's heritage and ignore the maternal ancestry in the ethnic factor. In the Bible In the Bible, family and tribal membership appears to be transmitted through the father. For example, a person is considered to be a priest or Levite, if his father is a priest or Levite, and the members of all the Twelve Tribes are called Israelites because ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Personal Names
Chinese names or Chinese personal names are names used by individuals from Greater China and other parts of the Chinese-speaking world throughout East and Southeast Asia (ESEA). In addition, many names used in Japan, Korea and Vietnam are often ancient adaptations of Chinese characters (from Kanji, Hancha, and Chữ Hán respectively) in respect to the influences they have garnered geographically or have historical roots in Chinese, due to China's historic cultural influence in ESEA. Modern Chinese names consist of a monosymbolic (single-symbol) surname (''xìngshì''; ), which comes first, followed by a given name (''míng''; ), which is almost always disyllabic, consisting of two characters. Prior to the 21st century, most educated Chinese men also used a "courtesy name" or "style name" (''zì''; ) by which they were known among those outside their family and closest friends. Respected artists or poets will sometimes also use a professional " art name" (''hào''; ) among th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laozi
Laozi (), also known by numerous other names, was a semilegendary ancient Chinese Taoist philosopher. Laozi ( zh, ) is a Chinese honorific, generally translated as "the Old Master". Traditional accounts say he was born as in the state of Chu in the 6th centuryBC during China's Spring and Autumn Period, served as the royal archivist for the Zhou court at Wangcheng (modern Luoyang), met and impressed Confucius on one occasion, and composed the ''Tao Te Ching'' before retiring into the western wilderness. Chinese folk religion considers he then became an immortal hermit or a god of the celestial bureaucracy under the name Laojun, one of the Three Pure Ones. A central figure in Chinese culture, Laozi is generally considered the founder of philosophical and religious Taoism. He was claimed and revered as the ancestor of the 7th10th century Tang dynasty and similarly honored by modern Chinese with the surname Li. His work had a profound influence on subsequent Chinese re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Li Rong (philosopher)
Li Rong (; fl. 658–663) was a Chinese philosopher from the Tang dynasty. He compiled a commentary on the Taoist book ''Tao Te Ching The ''Tao Te Ching'' (, ; ) is a Chinese classic text written around 400 BC and traditionally credited to the sage Laozi, though the text's authorship, date of composition and date of compilation are debated. The oldest excavated portion d ...'', called the ''Laozi Commentary by Li Rong'' (). References * Tang dynasty Taoists Year of death unknown Year of birth unknown {{China-academic-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Li Chunfeng
Li Chunfeng (; 602–670) was a Chinese mathematician, astronomer, historian, and politician who was born in today's Baoji, Shaanxi, during the Sui and Tang dynasties. He was first appointed to the Imperial Astronomy Bureau to help institute a calendar reform. He eventually ascended to deputy of the Imperial Astronomy Bureau and designed the Linde calendar. His father was an educated state official and also a Taoist. Li died in Chang'an in 670. Background and career The Sui dynasty was integral for uniting China, so it was a good time for learning. But when Li was sixteen the Sui fell, and the Tang rose. Nevertheless, the Tang did not harm the conditions for education. Indeed, it rather strengthened it. The Imperial Academy's math teaching was formalized. He was appointed into the Imperial Astronomy Bureau as an advanced court astronomer and historian, in 627. Once several years had passed, he then was promoted to deputy director of the Imperial Astronomy Bureau in 641, and even ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Li Shaojun
Li Shaojun ({{zh, c=李少君, w=Li Shao-chün, fl. 133 BCE) was a ''fangshi'' (master of esoterica), reputed ''xian'' (transcendent; immortal), retainer of Emperor Wu of Han, and the earliest known Chinese alchemist. In the early history of Chinese ''waidan'' (External Alchemy), Li is the only ''fangshi'' whose role is documented by both historical (for instance, ''Shiji'') and alchemical (''Baopuzi'') sources. Shiji The earliest record of Li Shaojun was contemporaneously written during the reign of his patron Emperor Wu (141-87 BCE): Sima Qian's c. 94 BCE ''Shiji'' (Records of the Historian) has nearly identical versions in the "Annals of Emperor Wu" (chapter 6) and "The Treatise on the Feng and Shan Sacrifices" (28, tr. Watson 1961: 3-52). In addition, the c. 111 CE ''Hanshu'' "Book of Han" (25A) has a "closely parallel" version (Campany 2006: 325). The ''Shiji'' chronicles Li Shaojun as part of a lengthy debate on whether and how Emperor Wu should perform the ''Feng'' (封 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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