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Lex Ursonensis
The ''Lex Ursonensis'' is the foundation charter of the Caesarean ''colonia Iulia Genetiva'' at Urso near Osuna (province of Seville, Andalusia) in southern Spain. A copy of its text was inscribed on bronze under the Flavians, portions of which were discovered in 1870/71. The original law spanned nine tablets with three or five columns of text each and comprised over 140 sections (''rubricae''). Of these four tablets survive, including sections 61-82, 91-106 and 123-134. Remains are kept in the National Archaeological Museum of Spain, in Madrid. The charter was approved by the Roman assembly as a law proposed probably by Mark Antony after the assassination of Julius Caesar. Historical context After the battles between Caesar and Pompey during the Republican period, Caesar decided to establish in Osuna a colony of citizens named ''Genetiva Iulia'' in honor of the goddess ''Venus Genetrix'', the protector of the gens Iulia, to which Caesar himself belonged. Laws of colonies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bronze
Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of copper, commonly with about 12–12.5% tin and often with the addition of other metals (including aluminium, manganese, nickel, or zinc) and sometimes non-metals (such as phosphorus) or metalloids (such as arsenic or silicon). These additions produce a range of alloys some of which are harder than copper alone or have other useful properties, such as strength, ductility, or machinability. The archaeological period during which bronze was the hardest metal in widespread use is known as the Bronze Age. The beginning of the Bronze Age in western Eurasia is conventionally dated to the mid-4th millennium BCE (~3500 BCE), and to the early 2nd millennium BCE in China; elsewhere it gradually spread across regions. The Bronze Age was followed by the Iron Age, which started about 1300 BCE and reaching most of Eurasia by about 500 BCE, although bronze continued to be much more widely used than it is in modern times. Because historica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lex Malacitana
''Lex Malacitana'' or ''Lex Flavia Malacitana'' (" Flavian law of Malaca") is a bronze tablet bearing Latin local statutes which deal with the official activities of the ''duoviri iuri dicundo''. The tablet was found in the 20th century near Malaca (modern Málaga) with the '' lex Salpensana'', and it was dated from AD 81–84, i.e. the early reign of Domitian. Malaca was governed under this law, which granted free-born persons the privileges of Roman citizenship. Together with the ''lex Salpensana'' and the ''lex Irnitana'' it provides the most complete version of the ''lex Flavia municipalis'', or the Flavian municipal law. and has allowed new insights into the workings of Roman law. The tablets are exhibited in the National Archaeological Museum, Madrid. Since the tablets provide the only surviving copy of large parts of the Flavian municipal law, they have provided new insights into the procedural side of municipal courts. In December 2016 a petition to Congreso de los Di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1st Century BC In Hispania
First most commonly refers to: * First, the ordinal form of the number 1 First or 1st may also refer to: Acronyms * Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-Centimeters, an astronomical survey carried out by the Very Large Array * Far Infrared and Sub-millimetre Telescope, of the Herschel Space Observatory * For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology, an international youth organization * Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams, a global forum Arts and entertainment Albums * ''1st'' (album), by Streets, 1983 * ''1ST'' (SixTones album), 2021 * ''First'' (David Gates album), 1973 * ''First'', by Denise Ho, 2001 * ''First'' (O'Bryan album), 2007 * ''First'' (Raymond Lam album), 2011 Extended plays * ''1st'', by The Rasmus, 1995 * ''First'' (Baroness EP), 2004 * ''First'' (Ferlyn G EP), 2015 Songs * "First" (Lindsay Lohan song), 2005 * "First" (Cold War Kids song), 2014 * "First", by Lauren Daigle from the album '' How Can It Be'', 2015 * "First", ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hispania
Hispania was the Ancient Rome, Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula. Under the Roman Republic, Hispania was divided into two Roman province, provinces: Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior. During the Principate, Hispania Ulterior was divided into two new provinces, Baetica and Lusitania, while Hispania Citerior was renamed Hispania Tarraconensis. Subsequently, the western part of Tarraconensis was split off, initially as Hispania Nova, which was later renamed "Callaecia" (or Gallaecia, whence modern Galicia (Spain), Galicia). From Diocletian's Tetrarchy (AD 293) onwards, the south of the remainder of Tarraconensis was again split off as Hispania Carthaginensis, Carthaginensis, and all of the mainland Hispanic provinces, along with the Hispania Balearica, Balearic Islands and the North African province of Mauretania Tingitana, were later grouped into a Roman diocese, civil diocese headed by a ''vicarius''. The name Hispania was also used in the period of Visigothic Kingdom, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romanization Of Hispania
The Romanization of Hispania is the process by which Roman or Latin culture was introduced into the Iberian Peninsula during the period of Roman rule. Throughout the centuries of Roman rule over the provinces of Hispania, Roman customs, religion, laws and the general Roman lifestyle gained much favour in the indigenous population. Together with a substantial minority of Roman immigrants, these eventually formed a distinct Hispano-Roman culture. Several factors aided the process of Romanization: :*Creation of civil infrastructure, including road networks and urban sanitation. :*Commercial interaction within regions and with the wider Roman world. :*Foundation of ''coloniae''; settling Roman military veterans in newly created towns and cities. :*The spread of the hierarchical Roman administrative system throughout the Hispanic provinces. :*Growth of Roman aristocratic land holdings (''latifundia''). Roman settlements Although Roman influence had a major impact on existing cit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Roads
Roman roads ( ; singular: ; meaning "Roman way") were physical infrastructure vital to the maintenance and development of the Roman state, built from about 300 BC through the expansion and consolidation of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire. They provided efficient means for the overland movement of Military history of ancient Rome, armies, officials, civilians, inland carriage of official communications, and Roman commerce, trade goods. Roman roads were of several kinds, ranging from small local roads to broad, long-distance highways built to connect cities, major towns and military bases. These major roads were often stone-paved and metaled, cambered for drainage, and were flanked by footpaths, Bridle path, bridleways and drainage ditches. They were laid along accurately surveyed courses, and some were cut through hills or conducted over rivers and ravines on bridgework. Sections could be supported over marshy ground on rafted or piled foundations.Corbishley, Mike: "The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public Works
Public works are a broad category of infrastructure projects, financed and procured by a government body for recreational, employment, and health and safety uses in the greater community. They include public buildings ( municipal buildings, schools, and hospitals), transport infrastructure ( roads, railroads, bridges, pipelines, canals, ports, and airports), public spaces (public squares, parks, and beaches), public services ( water supply and treatment, sewage treatment, electrical grid, and dams), environmental protection ( drinking water protection, soil erosion reduction, wildlife habitat preservation, preservation and restoration of forests and wetlands) and other, usually long-term, physical assets and facilities. Though often interchangeable with public infrastructure and public capital, public works does not necessarily carry an economic component, thereby being a broader term. Construction may be undertaken either by directly employed labour or by a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Procedural Law
Procedural law, adjective law, in some jurisdictions referred to as remedial law, or rules of court, comprises the rules by which a court hears and determines what happens in civil procedure, civil, lawsuit, criminal procedure, criminal or administrative proceedings. The rules are designed to ensure a fair and consistent application of due process (in the U.S.) or fundamental justice (in other common law countries) to all cases that come before a court. Substantive law, which refers to the actual claim (legal), claim and defense (legal), defense whose validity is tested through the procedures of procedural law, is different from procedural law. In the context of procedural law, procedural rights may also refer not exhaustively to Right to Information Act, 2005, rights to information, access to justice, and right to counsel, rights to public participation, and right to confront accusers, as well as the basic presumption of innocence (meaning the prosecution regularly must meet th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Augurs
An augur was a priest and official in the classical Roman world. His main role was the practice of augury, the interpretation of the will of the gods by studying events he observed within a predetermined sacred space (''templum''). The ''templum'' corresponded to the heavenly space above. The augur's decisions were based on what he personally saw or heard from within the ''templum''; they included thunder, lightning and any accidental signs such as falling objects, but in particular, birdsigns; whether the birds he saw flew in groups or alone, what noises they made as they flew, the direction of flight, what kind of birds they were, how many there were, or how they fed. This practice was known as "''taking the auspices''". As circumstance did not always favour the convenient appearance of wild birds or weather phenomena, domesticated chickens kept for the purpose were sometimes released into the templum, where their behaviour, particularly how they fed, could be studied by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pontiffs
In Roman antiquity, a pontiff () was a member of the most illustrious of the colleges of priests of the Roman religion, the College of Pontiffs."Pontifex". "Oxford English Dictionary", March 2007 The term ''pontiff'' was later applied to any high or chief priest and, in Roman Catholic ecclesiastical usage, to bishops, especially the pope, who is sometimes referred to as the Roman pontiff or the supreme pontiff. Etymology The English term derives through Old French ''pontif'' from Latin ''pontifex'', a word commonly held to come from the Latin root words ''pons'', ''pont-'' (bridge) + ''facere'' (to do, to make), and so to have the literal meaning of "bridge-builder", presumably between mankind and the deity/deities. Uncertainty prevailing, this may be only a folk etymology, but it may also recall ancient tasks and magic rites associated with bridges. The term may also be an allusion to Ancient Roman Religious rituals for placating the gods and spirits associated with the Tiber R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collegium (ancient Rome)
A (: ) or college was any association in ancient Rome that acted as a legal entity. Such associations could be civil or religious. The word literally means "society", from ("colleague"). They functioned as social clubs or religious collectives whose members worked towards their shared interests. These shared interests encompassed a wide range of the various aspects of urban life; including political interests, cult practices, professions, trade, and civic services. The social connections fostered by ''collegia'' contributed to their influence on politics and the economy; acting as lobbying groups and representative groups for traders and merchants. Some ''collegia'' were linked to participating in political violence and social unrest, which resulted in the suppression of social associations by the Roman government. Following the passage of the '' lex Julia'' during the reign of Julius Caesar as consul and dictator of the Roman Republic (49–44 BC), and their reaffirmation d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romanization
In linguistics, romanization is the conversion of text from a different writing system to the Latin script, Roman (Latin) script, or a system for doing so. Methods of romanization include transliteration, for representing written text, and transcription (linguistics), transcription, for representing the spoken word, and combinations of both. Transcription methods can be subdivided into ''phonemic orthography, phonemic transcription'', which records the phonemes or units of semantic meaning in speech, and more strict ''phonetic transcription'', which records speech sounds with precision. Methods There are many consistent or standardized romanization systems. They can be classified by their characteristics. A particular system's characteristics may make it better-suited for various, sometimes contradictory applications, including document retrieval, linguistic analysis, easy readability, faithful representation of pronunciation. * Source, or donor language – A system may be tai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
