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Lex Koller
The Federal Act on Acquisition of Real Estate by Persons Abroad was adopted on December 16, 1983, by the Federal Assembly and came into force on January 1, 1985. This Swiss federal law, also known as the Lex Koller, limits the acquisition of real estate by persons abroad. It succeeded the Lex Friedrich and was extensively amended in 1997 to take the name of Federal Councillor Arnold Koller, then head of the Federal Department of Justice and Police. The 1961 Federal Decree that this law replaced is the source of the famous Schubert jurisprudence. The objective being to "''prevent foreign influence on Swiss soil''", any acquisition of real estate by a person domiciled abroad is subject to an administrative authorization, the conditions for which are exhaustively listed in the law and its implementing provisions. Without such authorization, the legal act is null and void and the transfer cannot be entered in the land register. It is the authority designated by the canton that d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Assembly Of Switzerland
Federal or foederal (archaic) may refer to: Politics General *Federal monarchy, a federation of monarchies *Federation, or ''Federal state'' (federal system), a type of government characterized by both a central (federal) government and states or regional governments that are partially self-governing; a union of states * Federal republic, a federation which is a republic *Federalism, a political philosophy * Federalist, a political belief or member of a political grouping * Federalization, implementation of federalism Particular governments *Government of Argentina * Government of Australia * Federal government of Brazil *Government of Canada * Cabinet of Germany * Federal government of Iraq *Government of India * Federal government of Mexico * Federal government of Nigeria *Government of Pakistan * Government of the Philippines *Government of Russia * Government of South Africa *Federal government of the United States **United States federal law **United States federal courts *Fe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Systematic Compilation Of Federal Legislation
The Systematic Compilation of Federal Legislation (SR) (, SR; , RS; , RS) is the official compilation of all Law of Switzerland, Swiss federal laws, ordinances, international and intercantonal treaties that are in force. It is structured by topic, and comprises the constitutions (federal and cantonal), Federal act (Switzerland), federal laws, Ordinance in swiss law, ordinances, select federal decrees and important cantonal texts. The first version was published in paper form in 1948, in response to the need for legal clarity after World War II. Today, it is available in paper form (in red binders with removable leaves), as well as electronically (available on the Internet). It is published by the Federal Chancellery of Switzerland, Federal Chancellery in Languages of Switzerland, Switzerland's three official languages (German language, German, French language, French and Italian language, Italian), with only a few texts in Romansh language, Romansh and English language, English. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Switzerland
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau, the Swiss Alps, Alps and the Jura Mountains, Jura; the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, whereas most of the country's Demographics of Switzerland, 9 million people are concentrated on the plateau, which hosts List of cities in Switzerland, its largest cities and economic centres, including Zurich, Geneva, and Lausanne. Switzerland is a federal republic composed of Cantons of Switzerland, 26 cantons, with federal authorities based in Bern. It has four main linguistic and cultural regions: German, French, Italian and Romansh language, Romansh. Although most Swiss are German-speaking, national identity is fairly cohesive, being rooted in a common historical background, shared ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Assembly (Switzerland)
The Federal Assembly, also known as the Swiss Parliament, is the federal bicameral parliament of Switzerland. It comprises the 200-seat National Council and the 46-seat Council of States. It meets in Bern in the Federal Palace. The houses have identical powers. Members of both houses represent the cantons, but, whereas seats in the National Council are distributed in proportion to population, each canton has two seats in the Council of States, except the six ' half-cantons', which have one seat each. Both are elected in full once every four years, with the last election being held in 2023. The Federal Assembly possesses the federal government's legislative power, along with the separate constitutional right of citizen's initiative. For a law to pass, it must be passed by both houses. The two houses may come together as a United Federal Assembly in certain circumstances, such as to elect the Federal Council (the head of government and state), the Federal Chancellor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Official Compilation Of Federal Legislation
The Official Compilation of Federal Legislation (AS) (, AS; , RO; , RU) is the federal government gazette of Switzerland. All Swiss federal laws and ordinances, as well as amendments to them, enter into force by chronological publication in the AS/RO/RU. Federal laws only become legally binding when published in the Official Compilation, as opposed to the Systematic Compilation of Federal Legislation, which by itself does not confer force of law (art. 8 PublA). It is issued in the three official languages of Switzerland: German, French and Italian, and regulated by the Publications Act. All three language editions are equally valid. It is published by the Federal Chancellery of Switzerland in the form of weekly supplements to loose leaf binders. Since 1999, they have been also made available on the Internet in PDF format. Contents The Official Compendium of Federal Law publishes in principle all federal legislation: * The ''Enactments of the Confederation'' (art. 2 PublA), i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swiss Federal Law
In Switzerland, a federal act; ; is a legislative law adopted at the level of the Confederation. By default, its duration of application is unlimited. It takes precedence over cantonal and communal law (derogatory force). Definition The Federal Constitution defines a federal law as follows: The ParlA uses this definition in the same terms."The Federal Assembly shall enact in the form of a federal law all important provisions that lay down rules of law", Art. 22, para. 1, ParlA. Rule of law A "rule of law" exists when an adopted provision (cumulatively): * is of a general nature, i.e. the provision is addressed to an indeterminate number of persons or target subjects; * is abstract in nature, i.e. the provision can be interpreted for any number of situations; * has direct application; * creates an obligation, confers a right or assigns powers. Important provisions Determining the importance of the provision is the product of a political assessment. However, the Federal C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arnold Koller
Arnold Koller (; born 29 August 1933) is a Swiss professor and politician. He served as a member of the Federal Council from 1987 to 1999 for the Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP). Koller previously served as a member of the National Council from 1971 to 1986. He did also serve two terms of the as President of the Swiss Confederation in 1990 and 1997. He is primarily known for Lex Koller, a Swiss Federal Act on Acquisitions of Real Estate by Persons Abroad, which he initiated. Early life and education Koller was born 29 August 1933 in St. Gallen, Switzerland, the oldest of five children, to Alois Arnold Koller and Genoveva (née Brülisauer). His father was an organist and elementary school teacher while his mother was a homemaker. He attended schools in Appenzell. Until 1957, Koller studied Economics in St. Gallen and then until 1959 Jurisprudence at the University of Fribourg and the University of California, Berkeley. He received a Licentiate degree in both ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Department Of Justice And Police
The Federal Department of Justice and Police (, , , ) is one of the seven Ministry (government department), departments of the Switzerland, Swiss federal government, and is equivalent to a ministry of justice in other countries. As of 2024, it is headed by Federal Council (Switzerland), Federal Councillor Beat Jans. Until 1979, the department was known as the Department of Justice and Police. Organisation The department is composed of the following offices and institutes: * General Secretariat (GS-FDJP) ** IT Service Centre (ISC-FDJP) ** Post and Telecommunications Surveillance Service (PTSS) * Federal Offices ** State Secretariat for Migration (SEM): Responsible for matters relating to foreign nationals and asylum seekers. ** Federal Office of Justice (FOI): Responsible for providing legal advice to the administration, preparing general legislation, supervising government registers and collaborating on international judicial assistance. ** Federal Office of Police (fedpol): ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Decree
A federal decree (; , ) is an act that can be adopted by the Swiss Federal Assembly in application of a federal law, insofar as the text does not contain rules of law (art. 163 para. 2), meaning that it can only be a decision on the application of general and abstract norms laid down in the law. The Federal Constitution of 1874 (art. 89 para. 2) introduced the possibility of adopting a federal decree of general application. The difference with an ordinary federal law lies in the " emergency clause" and the limited duration of the decree. The 1999 Federal Constitution confirmed this configuration, even though the form of a federal law may also be used. The difference lies in the facultative referendum (; , , ). In the case of a decree, a referendum is only possible if provided for in the Constitution or by law (art. 141 para. 1 let. c); this is referred to as an administrative referendum. Furthermore, it is not covered by the rule laid down in article 189 of the Constitution conce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schubert Jurisprudence
Schubert practice, also known as the Schubert jurisprudence (less often called Schubert doctrine), is a legal doctrine in Swiss law manifested in a series of decisions of the Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland, according to which provisions of Municipal law, domestic law have practical primacy over otherwise binding, but conflicting, provisions of international law as long as the former are ''lex posterior'' – even if the latter are ''lex specialis'' – based on a generalized hypothesis that a posterior act of the legislator whereby an existing act of international law has been contradicted was, in reality, a Implied repeal, conscious, albeit implicit, act of abrogation. As an immediate consequence, when the doctrine is applied, international law is violated. It derives from the 1973 Schubert case ruling, in which the Supreme Court upheld the decision of a cantonal authority to forbid an Austrian man from Vienna from acquiring Swiss land, in spite of him asserting en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ãœberfremdung
(pronounced ), literally 'over-foreignization', is a German-language term used to refer to an excess of immigration. The word is a nominalization compounded from ''über'' meaning 'over' or 'overly' and meaning 'foreign'. In that alienation also translates to "Ent''fremdung''", there exists at least one other political dimension to this term as well though. Political usage The German term has had several meanings over the years, all of which have reflected the sense of "too foreign" and "threatening", and are generally negative. Successive editions of the Duden dictionary illustrate how the meaning has changed since the term was first used in 1929, then meaning "taking on too much foreign money" (especially loans made from 1924–1929 to rebuild Germany, following the First World War World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational union, supranational political union, political and economic union of Member state of the European Union, member states that are Geography of the European Union, located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated population of over 449million as of 2024. The EU is often described as a ''sui generis'' political entity combining characteristics of both a federation and a confederation. Containing 5.5% of the world population in 2023, EU member states generated a nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of around €17.935 trillion in 2024, accounting for approximately one sixth of global economic output. Its cornerstone, the European Union Customs Union, Customs Union, paved the way to establishing European Single Market, an internal single market based on standardised European Union law, legal framework and legislation that applies in all member states in those matters, and only those matters, where the states ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
