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Leucoanthocyanidin
Leucoanthocyanidin (flavan-3,4-diols) are colorless chemical compounds related to anthocyanidins and anthocyanins. Leucoanthocyanins can be found in ''Anadenanthera peregrina'' and in several species of ''Nepenthes'' including ''Nepenthes burbidgeae, N. burbidgeae'', ''Nepenthes muluensis, N. muluensis'', ''Nepenthes rajah, N. rajah'', ''Nepenthes tentaculata, N. tentaculata'', and ''Nepenthes × alisaputrana, N. × alisaputrana''. Such compounds include: * Leucocyanidin * Leucodelphinidin * Leucofisetinidin * Leucomalvidin * Leucopelargonidin * Leucopeonidin * Leucorobinetinidin * Melacacidin * Teracacidin from ''Acacia obtusifolia'' and ''Acacia maidenii'' heartwoods Leucoanthocyanidins have been demonstrated to be intermediates in anthocyanidin biosynthesis in flowers of ''Matthiola incana''. Edgar Charles Bate-Smith, Bate-smith recommended in 1954 the use of the Forestal solvent for the isolation of leuco-anthocyanins. Metabolism Leucoanthocyanid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leucoanthocyanidin Dioxygenase
In enzymology, a leucocyanidin oxygenase () is an enzyme that catalysis, catalyzes the chemical reaction :leucocyanidin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 \rightleftharpoons cis- and trans-dihydroquercetins + succinate + CO2 + 2 H2O The 3 substrate (biochemistry), substrates of this enzyme are leucocyanidin, 2-oxoglutarate, and oxygen, O2, whereas its 5 product (chemistry), products are cis-dihydroquercetin, trans-dihydroquercetin, succinate, carbon dioxide, CO2, and water, H2O. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom o oxygen into each donor. The List of enzymes, systematic name of this enzyme class is leucocyanidin,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase. This enzyme is also called leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (LDOX) or anthocyanidin synthase (ANS). This enzym ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leucoanthocyanidins
Leucoanthocyanidin (flavan-3,4-diols) are colorless chemical compounds related to anthocyanidins and anthocyanins. Leucoanthocyanins can be found in ''Anadenanthera peregrina'' and in several species of ''Nepenthes'' including '' N. burbidgeae'', '' N. muluensis'', '' N. rajah'', '' N. tentaculata'', and '' N. × alisaputrana''. Such compounds include: * Leucocyanidin * Leucodelphinidin * Leucofisetinidin * Leucomalvidin * Leucopelargonidin * Leucopeonidin * Leucorobinetinidin * Melacacidin * Teracacidin from '' Acacia obtusifolia'' and '' Acacia maidenii'' heartwoods Leucoanthocyanidins have been demonstrated to be intermediates in anthocyanidin biosynthesis in flowers of '' Matthiola incana''. Bate-smith recommended in 1954 the use of the Forestal solvent for the isolation of leuco-anthocyanins. Metabolism Leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase uses flavan-3,4-diols to produce 3-hydroxyanthocyanidins. The gene encoding the enzyme (PpLDOX) has bee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthocyanin
Anthocyanins (), also called anthocyans, are solubility, water-soluble vacuole, vacuolar pigments that, depending on their pH, may appear red, purple, blue, or black. In 1835, the German pharmacist Ludwig Clamor Marquart named a chemical compound that gives flowers a blue color, Anthokyan, in his treatise "''Die Farben der Blüthen''" (English: The Colors of Flowers). Food plants rich in anthocyanins include the blueberry, raspberry, black rice, and black soybean, among many others that are red, blue, purple, or black. Some of the colors of autumn leaves are derived from anthocyanins. Anthocyanins belong to a parent class of molecules called flavonoids synthesized via the phenylpropanoid pathway. They can occur in all biological tissue, tissues of higher plants, including leaf, leaves, plant stem, stems, roots, flowers, and fruits. Anthocyanins are derived from anthocyanidins by adding sugars. They are odorless and moderately astringent. Although approved as food and beverage c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leucomalvidin
Leucoanthocyanidin (flavan-3,4-diols) are colorless chemical compounds related to anthocyanidins and anthocyanins. Leucoanthocyanins can be found in ''Anadenanthera peregrina'' and in several species of ''Nepenthes'' including '' N. burbidgeae'', '' N. muluensis'', '' N. rajah'', '' N. tentaculata'', and '' N. × alisaputrana''. Such compounds include: * Leucocyanidin * Leucodelphinidin * Leucofisetinidin * Leucomalvidin * Leucopelargonidin * Leucopeonidin * Leucorobinetinidin * Melacacidin * Teracacidin from '' Acacia obtusifolia'' and '' Acacia maidenii'' heartwoods Leucoanthocyanidins have been demonstrated to be intermediates in anthocyanidin biosynthesis in flowers of '' Matthiola incana''. Bate-smith recommended in 1954 the use of the Forestal solvent for the isolation of leuco-anthocyanins. Metabolism Leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase uses flavan-3,4-diols to produce 3-hydroxyanthocyanidins. The gene encoding the enzyme (PpLDOX) has be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leucodelphinidin
Leucodelphinidin is a colorless chemical compound related to leucoanthocyanidins. It can be found in '' Acacia auriculiformis'', in the bark of Karada ('' Cleistanthus collinus'') and in the kino (gum) from ''Eucalyptus pilularis''. Other species containing leucodelphinidin include ''Aesculus hippocastanum'' (Horse chestnut, in rind/bark/cortex), ''Arachis hypogaea'' (Earth nut in seeds), ''Arbutus unedo'' (Arbutus, in the leaf), '' Caesalpinia pulcherrima'' (Barbados pride), ''Ceratonia siliqua'' (Carob, in the fruit), ''Hamamelis virginiana'' (American witch hazel, in the leaf), ''Hippophae rhamnoides'' (Hippophae berry, in the leaf), ''Humulus lupulus'' (bine flower / blossom, in the leaf), '' Musa acuminata × balbisiana'' (Banana, in the fruit), ''Nelumbo nucifera'' (lotus, in the leaf), ''Phyllanthus emblica'' (Emblic, Indian gooseberry, in the rind/bark/cortex), ''Quercus alba'' (White oak, in the rind/bark/cortex), ''Quercus robur'' (Common oak, in the rind/bark/cortex), '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leucocyanidin
Leucocyanidin is a colorless chemical compound that is a member of the class of natural products known as leucoanthocyanidins. Chemistry (+)-Leucocyanidin can be synthesized from (+)- dihydroquercetin by reduction with sodium borohydride. Molar equivalents of synthetic (2R,3S,4R or S)-leucocyanidin and (+)- catechin condense with exceptional rapidity at pH 5 under ambient conditions to give the all-''trans''- ,8 and ,6bi- +)-catechins( procyanidins B3, B6) the all-''trans''- ,8:4,8 and ,8:4,6tri- +)-catechins( procyanidin C2 and isomer). Metabolism Leucocyanidin oxygenase uses leucocyanidin, 2-oxoglutarate, and O2 to produce ''cis''-dihydroquercetin, ''trans''- dihydroquercetin (taxifolin), succinate, CO2, and H2O. Leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR or leucocyanidin reductase LCR) uses (2''R'',3''S'')- catechin, NADP+, and H2O to produce 2,3-''trans''-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin, NADPH, and H+. Its gene expression has been studied in developing grape berries and grapevin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melacacidin
Melacacidin is a chemical compound related to leucoanthocyanidins. It can be found in '' Acacia crassicarpa''. Melacacidin is a compound that can provoke contact allergy to Australian blackwood ''Acacia melanoxylon ''Acacia melanoxylon'', commonly known as the Australian blackwood, is an ''Acacia'' species native to south-eastern Australia. The species is also known as blackwood, hickory, mudgerabah, Tasmanian blackwood, or blackwood acacia. The tree belon ...''. References Leucoanthocyanidins Catechols Enediols {{Aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leucofisetinidin
Leucofisetinidin is a flavan-3,4-diol (leucoanthocyanidin), a type of natural phenolic substance. It is the monomer of condensed tannins called profisetinidins. Those tannins can be extracted from the heartwood of ''Acacia mearnsii ''Acacia mearnsii'', commonly known as black wattle, late black wattle or green wattle, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is Endemism, endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is usually an erect tree with smooth bark, Glo ...'' or from the heartwoods of '' Schinopsis balansae'', '' Schinopsis quebrachocolorado'' and from commercial quebracho extract. See also * Fisetinidin References Leucoanthocyanidins {{aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leucopeonidin
Leucopeonidin is a leucoanthocyanidin. A leucopeonidin glycoside In chemistry, a glycoside is a molecule in which a sugar is bound to another functional group via a glycosidic bond. Glycosides play numerous important roles in living organisms. Many plants store chemicals in the form of inactive glycosides. ... is found in the bark of '' Ficus bengalensis''. References Leucoanthocyanidins Phenol ethers Resorcinols Methoxy compounds {{phenol-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nepenthes × Alisaputrana
''Nepenthes'' × ''alisaputrana'' ( preferably, or ; after Datuk Lamri Ali), or the leopard pitcher-plant,Phillipps, A. & A. Lamb 1996. ''Pitcher-Plants of Borneo''. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. is a hybrid of two well-known ''Nepenthes'' pitcher plant species: '' N. burbidgeae'' and '' N. rajah''. The plant is confined to Mount Kinabalu in Sabah, Borneo.Clarke, C.M. 1997. ''Nepenthes of Borneo''. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. ''Nepenthes'' × ''alisaputrana'' was described in 1992 by J. H. Adam and C. C. Wilcock and is named in honour of Datuk Lamri Ali, a former director of Sabah Parks. It is only known from a few remote localities within Kinabalu National Park, where it grows in stunted, open vegetation over serpentine soils at around 2000 m above sea level, often amongst populations of ''N. burbidgeae''.Clarke, C.M. 2001. '' A Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Sabah''. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acacia Maidenii
''Acacia maidenii'', also known as Maiden's wattle, is a tree native to Australia (New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria). It has been introduced into India (Tamil Nadu) and Argentina, and it grows on plantations in South Africa. Description and habitat It prefers full sun to partial shade and it is often found on the edge of rainforest. It grows up to 20 m high in an erect or spreading habit. The phyllodes are dark green, alternate along the stem and reach 20 cm in length and 1 to 3 cm in width. It is very fast growing, reaching 1.5 m tall in as little as five months. Its flowers have pale yellow spikes up to 6 cm long that often occur in clusters of two to three. The fruit is hairy, about 15 cm long and narrow, often becoming coiled. In the Australian state of Victoria it is listed as being an endangered species; however, it is a common species through much of the rest of its range. The tree has a lifespan of more than 30 years. It grows approxi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vitis Vinifera
''Vitis vinifera'', the common grape vine, is a species of flowering plant, native to the Mediterranean Basin, Mediterranean region, Central Europe, and southwestern Asia, from Morocco and Portugal north to southern Germany and east to northern Iran. , there were between List of grape varieties, 5,000 and 10,000 varieties of ''Vitis vinifera'' grapes though only a few are of commercial significance for wine and table grape production. The wild grape is often classified as ''Vitis vinifera'' ''sylvestris'' (in some classifications considered ''Vitis sylvestris''), with ''Vitis vinifera'' ''vinifera'' restricted to cultivated forms. Domesticated vines have hermaphrodite#Plants, hermaphrodite flowers, but ''sylvestris'' is plant sexuality, dioecious (male and female flowers on separate plants) and pollination is required for fruit to develop. Grapes can be eaten fresh or dried to produce raisins, Sultana (grape)#Raisins, sultanas, and Zante currant, currants. Grape leaves are used ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
