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Letters From Beneath The Gallows
The ''Letters from Beneath the Gallows'' () are two letters written by Belarusian and Polish revolutionary Konstanty Kalinowski shortly before his public execution by Russian authorities. The contents of the letters call on Belarusians to resist the Russian Empire to the greatest extent possible, including through military action. Since Kalinowski's death, the letters have become a defining text of Belarusian nationalism. Contents The ''Letters from the Beneath the Gallows'' were written in a patriotic tone, calling on Belarusians to resist the Russian Empire by any means. In the first letter, Kalinowski criticises the concept of the All-Russian nation and calls for unity between Jews (referred to by Kalinowski in the letters as "the brother") and Belarusians, criticising pogroms and antisemitism as driving Jews to oppose the restoration of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He proceeds to express his view that separating Belarus from Russia is an urgent matter, stating t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Kalinoŭskaja
A list is a set of discrete items of information collected and set forth in some format for utility, entertainment, or other purposes. A list may be memorialized in any number of ways, including existing only in the mind of the list-maker, but lists are frequently written down on paper, or maintained electronically. Lists are "most frequently a tool", and "one does not ''read'' but only ''uses'' a list: one looks up the relevant information in it, but usually does not need to deal with it as a whole".Lucie Doležalová,The Potential and Limitations of Studying Lists, in Lucie Doležalová, ed., ''The Charm of a List: From the Sumerians to Computerised Data Processing'' (2009). Purpose It has been observed that, with a few exceptions, "the scholarship on lists remains fragmented". David Wallechinsky, a co-author of ''The Book of Lists'', described the attraction of lists as being "because we live in an era of overstimulation, especially in terms of information, and lists help us ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Journal Of Belarusian Studies
The ''Journal of Belarusian Studies'' (formerly the ''Journal of Byelorussian Studies'') is an English language academic journal in the field of Belarusian studies. It was described as “one of the longest lasting Belarusian publishing projects in Great Britain and one of the most authoritative periodicals in the field of Belarusian studies in the world”. 1965 to 1988 The idea of an English-language academic journal in the field of Belarusian studies had been considered by the Anglo-Belarusian Society since its establishment in 1954, as the Society sought to disseminate information about Belarusians in the Western world. By 1965 the Society had found academics willing to contribute to such a journal as well as funding from the Belarusian Charitable Trust created under the auspices of the Association of Belarusians in Great Britain. The main persons behind the project were Guy Picarda and Auberon Herbert. The first issue of the journal started with an introduction by Oxford ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1864 Essays
Events January * January 13 – American songwriter Stephen Foster ("Oh! Susanna", "Old Folks at Home") dies aged 37 in New York City, leaving a scrap of paper reading "Dear friends and gentle hearts". His parlor song "Beautiful Dreamer" is published in March. * January 16 – Denmark rejects an Austrian-Prussian ultimatum to repeal the Danish Constitution, which says that Schleswig-Holstein is part of Denmark. * January 21 – New Zealand Wars: The Tauranga campaign begins. February * February – John Wisden publishes '' The Cricketer's Almanack for the year 1864'' in England; it will go on to become the major annual cricket reference publication. * February 1 – Danish-Prussian War (Second Schleswig War): 57,000 Austrian and Prussian troops cross the Eider River into Denmark. * February 15 – Heineken Brewery is founded in the Netherlands. *American Civil War: ** February 17 – The tiny Confederate hand-propelled submarine '' H. L. Hun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
