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Les Halles
Les Halles (; 'The Halls') was Paris' central fresh food market. It last operated on 12 January 1973 and was replaced by an underground shopping centre and a park. The unpopular modernist development was demolished yet again in 2010, and replaced by the Westfield Forum des Halles, a modern shopping mall built largely underground and topped by an undulating 2.5 hectare canopy. The mall sees around 50 million visitors every year, making it the busiest in France as of 2019. It is directly connected to the massive RER and métro transit hub of Châtelet–Les Halles, Paris's busiest station. History The market of the Little Fields In the 11th century, a market grew up by a cemetery to the northwest of Paris in an area called the Little Fields (). This was mainly a dry goods and money changing market. A bishop briefly took control of the market before sharing control with Louis VI in 1137. In 1183, Philip Augustus took full control of the market and built two market halls � ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris
Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, fourth-most populous city in the European Union and the List of cities proper by population density, 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2022. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of the world's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, culture, Fashion capital, fashion, and gastronomy. Because of its leading role in the French art, arts and Science and technology in France, sciences and its early adoption of extensive street lighting, Paris became known as the City of Light in the 19th century. The City of Paris is the centre of the Île-de-France region, or Paris Region, with an official estimated population of 12,271,794 inhabitants in January 2023, or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of The Jews In France
The history of the Jews in France deals with Jews and Jewish communities in France since at least the Early Middle Ages. France was a centre of Jewish learning in the Middle Ages, but persecution increased over time, including multiple expulsions and returns. During the French Revolution in the late 18th century, on the other hand, France was the first European country to emancipate its Jewish population. Antisemitism still occurred in cycles and reached a high in the 1890s, as shown during the Dreyfus affair, and in the 1940s, under Nazi occupation and the Vichy regime. Before 1919, most French Jews lived in Paris, with many being very proud to be fully assimilated into French culture, and they comprised an upscale subgroup. A more traditional Judaism was based in Alsace-Lorraine, which was recovered by The German Empire in 1871 and taken by France in 1918 following World War I. In addition, numerous Jewish refugees and immigrants came from Russia and eastern and central E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eyesore
An eyesore is something that is largely considered to look unpleasant or ugly. Its technical usage is as an alternative perspective to the notion of landmark. Common examples include dilapidated buildings, graffiti, litter, polluted areas, and excessive commercial signage such as billboards. Some eyesores may be a matter of opinion such as controversial modern architecture (see also spite house), transmission towers or wind turbines. Natural eyesores include feces, mud and weeds. Effect on property values In the US, the National Association of Realtors says an eyesore can shave about 10 percent off the value of a nearby listing. Remediation Clean-up programmes to improve or remove eyesores are often started by local bodies or even national governments. High-profile international events such as the Olympic Games may trigger such activity. Others contend that it is best to address these problems while they are small, since signs of neglect encourage anti-social behaviour s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yokohama
is the List of cities in Japan, second-largest city in Japan by population as well as by area, and the country's most populous Municipalities of Japan, municipality. It is the capital and most populous city in Kanagawa Prefecture, with a population of 3.7 million in 2023. It lies on Tokyo Bay, south of Tokyo, in the Kantō region of the main island of Honshu. Yokohama is also the major economic, cultural, and commercial hub of the Greater Tokyo Area along the Keihin region, Keihin Industrial Zone. Yokohama was one of the cities to open for trade with the Western world, West following the 1859 end of the Sakoku, policy of seclusion and has since been known as a cosmopolitan port city, after Kobe opened in 1853. Yokohama is the home of many Japan's firsts in the Meiji (era), Meiji period, including the first foreign trading port and Chinatown (1859), European-style sport venues (1860s), English-language newspaper (1861), confectionery and beer manufacturing (1865), daily newspap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nogent-sur-Marne
Nogent-sur-Marne () is a Communes of France, commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the Kilometre Zero, centre of Paris. Nogent-sur-Marne is a ''Subprefectures in France, sous-préfecture'' of the Val-de-Marne ''Departments of France, département'', being the seat of the Arrondissement of Nogent-sur-Marne. History Several origins of the name have been proposed: * Novigentum, "new people", i.e. prisoners brought by the Roman armies. * Nov. indicates fatty or soaked grounds. * Novientum which is the Gallic equivalent of medieval French "Villeneuve" or English "Newtown". In the Middle Ages, several castles were built. Le Château de Plaisance, built in the 13th century, which hosted Charles V of France, Charles V and Jeanne de Bourbon, Queen of France, Jeanne de Bourbon in 1375. The only vestige which remains is a house of the current private hospital, 30 rue de Plaisance, as well as the bottom of the enclosing wall of the gardens. Le Château de Beaut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marché D'Intérêt National De Rungis
The Rungis International Market (, ) is the principal wholesale market of Paris and mainly deals in food and horticultural products. It is located in the commune of Rungis, in the southern suburbs. It is the second largest wholesale food market in the world (after Central de Abasto in Mexico City, which has an area of ). History From its origins in the 10th century to the mid-20th century, the central market of Paris was located in the centre of the city, in a area named Les Halles. That became too small to accommodate all of the business demand, and, in 1969, the market was transferred to the suburbs. Rungis was selected because of its easy access by rail and highway A highway is any public or private road or other public way on land. It includes not just major roads, but also other public roads and rights of way. In the United States, it is also used as an equivalent term to controlled-access highway, or ... and its proximity to Orly International Airport. On 25 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Le Ventre De Paris
is the third novel in French published in 1873 by writer Émile Zola's twenty-volume series ''Les Rougon-Macquart''. It is set in and around Les Halles, the enormous, busy central market of 19th-century Paris. Les Halles, rebuilt in cast iron and glass during the Second Empire was a landmark of modernity in the city, the wholesale and retail center of a thriving food industry. (translated into English under many variant titles but literally meaning ''The Belly of Paris'') is Zola's first novel entirely on the working class. The protagonist is Florent, an escaped political prisoner mistakenly arrested after the French coup of 1851. He returns to his half-brother Quenu, a charcutier and his wife Lisa Quenu (formerly Macquart), with whom he finds refuge. They get him a job in the market as a fish inspector. After getting mixed up in an ineffectual socialist plot against the Empire, Florent is arrested and deported again. Although Zola had yet to hone his mastery of working ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Émile Zola
Émile Édouard Charles Antoine Zola (, ; ; 2 April 184029 September 1902) was a French novelist, journalist, playwright, the best-known practitioner of the literary school of Naturalism (literature), naturalism, and an important contributor to the development of Naturalism (theatre), theatrical naturalism. He was a major figure in the political liberalization of France and in the exoneration of the falsely accused and convicted army officer Alfred Dreyfus, which is encapsulated in his renowned newspaper opinion headlined ''J'Accuse...!'' Zola was nominated for the first and second Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prizes in Literature in 1901 and 1902. Early life Zola was born in Paris in 1840 to François Zola (originally Francesco Zolla) and Émilie Aubert. His father was an Italian engineer with some Greeks, Greek ancestry, who was born in Venice in 1795, and engineered the Zola Dam in Aix-en-Provence; his mother was French. The family moved to Aix-en-Provence in the Provence, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victor Baltard
Victor Baltard (; 9 June 180513 January 1874) was a French architect famed for work in Paris including designing Les Halles market and the Saint-Augustin church. Life Victor was born in Paris, son of architect Louis-Pierre Baltard and attended Lycée Henri IV. During his student days Baltard, a Lutheran, attended the Calvinist Temple du Marais with other Protestant students including Georges-Eugène Haussmann with whom he would collaborate in the latter's renovation of Paris. He later studied at the École des Beaux-Arts, where he garnered the Prix de Rome for designing a military school in 1833. He went on to study at the French Academy in Rome, Italy, from 1834 to 1838 under the direction of Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres. From 1849 on, he was Architect of the City of Paris. In this office, he was responsible for the restoration of several churches, as well as the construction of the Catholic Saint-Augustin (1860–67), in which he united the structural values of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bourse De Commerce (Paris)
Bourse may refer to: * Exchange (organized market) or bourse * Stock exchange or bourse Exchanges * Bourse de Bruxelles or Brussels Stock Exchange, Belgium * Bourse de Montreal, Canada * Paris Bourse, a historical stock exchange in France * Deutsche Bourse or Deutsche Börse, a stock exchange in Frankfurt am Main, Germany * Bharat Diamond Bourse, a diamond exchange in Mumbai, India * Borsa Italiana, a stock exchange in Milan, Italy * Bourse de Luxembourg * Bourse de Casablanca, Morocco * Bourse (Gothenburg), a former mercantile exchange in Sweden * Bourse de Tunis, Tunisia * Philadelphia Bourse, a former stock exchange in Pennsylvania, US * Bourse des Valeurs d'Abidjan, a former stock exchange in the francophone West African countries Other uses * Bourse (Paris Métro), a metro station * Bourse de Travail, a French labor council * '' La Bourse'', a short story by Honoré de Balzac *The 2nd arrondissement of Paris, also known as Bourse See also * Börse (other) { ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicolas Le Camus De Mézières
Nicolas Le Camus de Mézières (March 26, 1721 – July 27, 1793) was a French architect and theoretician. He was born and died in Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci .... He published several works on architectural and related subjects, including ''Architecture of Expression, and The Theatre of Desire at the End of the Ancien Régime; Or, The Analogy of Fiction with Architectural Innovation''. Le Camus designed the '' Halle aux blés'' (Corn Exchange) with a circular central courtyard and a double staircase. The layout of that building has been retained in the present Bourse de commerce. Le Camus developed a theory of architecture in which the character of a building should express its destination or the social status of its client. Unlike previous character the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
