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Leo Rosner
Leopold Rosner (26 June 1918 – 10 October 2008) was a Polish-born Australian musician. Rosner, who was Jewish, survived the Holocaust in Nazi concentration camps during World War II by playing his accordion for Nazi officials. This earned the attention of Oskar Schindler, who saved his life by having him placed on his famous list. His story became known after Australian author Thomas Keneally's 1982 novel, ''Schindler's Ark'', was adapted into Steven Spielberg's Oscar-winning film, '' Schindler's List''. He appeared in the epilogue of the film at the Schindler's grave on Mount Zion. Life Early life Rosner was born in Kraków, Poland on 26 June 1918. He was one of nine children in a family that performed in the music business. The Holocaust Rosner was a successful cabaret artist and entertainer in Kraków, Poland by the time the country was invaded and occupied by Nazi Germany in 1939. The Rosner family fled to the rural town of Tyniece, where they played in ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kraków
Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland until 1596 and has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, economic, cultural and artistic life. Cited as one of Europe's most beautiful cities, its Old Town with Wawel Royal Castle was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1978, one of the first 12 sites granted the status. The city has grown from a Stone Age settlement to Poland's second-most-important city. It began as a hamlet on Wawel Hill and was reported by Ibrahim Ibn Yakoub, a merchant from Cordoba, as a busy trading centre of Central Europe in 985. With the establishment of new universities and cultural venues at the emergence of the Second Polish Republic in 1918 and throughout the 20th century, Kraków reaffirmed its role as a major national academic an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Poland (1917–1918)
The Kingdom of Poland ( pl, Królestwo Polskie, german: Königreich Polen), also known informally as the Regency Kingdom of Poland ( pl, Królestwo Regencyjne), was a short-lived polity and client state existing from 14 January 1917 to 11 November 1918; and proclaimed during World War I by the German Empire and Austria-Hungary on the territories of the former Russian-ruled Congress Poland, governed at the time by the Central Powers as the Government General of Warsaw.The Regency Kingdom has been referred to as a puppet state by Norman Davies in ''Europe: A history'' Internet Archive, p. 910; by Jerzy Lukowski and Hubert Zawadzki in ''A Concise History of Poland''Google Books, p. 218; by Piotr J. Wroblel in ''Chronology of Polish History'' and ''Nation and History''Google Books, p. 454; and by Raymond Leslie Buell in ''Poland: Key to Europe''Google Books, p. 68 "The Polish Kingdom... was merely a pawn f Germany). Following the Armistice of 11 November 1918 ending World War I, i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schindlerjuden
The ', literally translated from German as "Schindler Jews", were a group of roughly 1,200 Jews saved by Oskar Schindler during the Holocaust. They survived the years of the Nazi regime primarily through the intervention of Schindler, who afforded them protected status as industrial workers at his enamelware factory in Kraków, capital of the General Government, and after 1944, in an armaments factory in occupied Czechoslovakia. There, they avoided being sent to death camps and survived the war. Schindler expended his personal fortune made as an industrialist to save the ''Schindlerjuden''. The story of the ''Schindlerjuden'' has been depicted in the book ''Schindler's Ark'', by Thomas Keneally, and Steven Spielberg's film adaptation of the novel, ''Schindler's List''. Poldek Pfefferberg, one of the survivors, persuaded Keneally to write the novel and Spielberg to produce the film. In 2012, over 8,500 descendants of ' were estimated to be living in the United States, Israel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protectorate Of Bohemia And Moravia
The Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia; cs, Protektorát Čechy a Morava; its territory was called by the Nazis ("the rest of Czechia"). was a partially annexed territory of Nazi Germany established on 16 March 1939 following the German occupation of the Czech lands. The protectorate's population was mostly ethnic Czech. After the Munich Agreement of September 1938, Germany had annexed the German-majority Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia. Following the establishment of the independent Slovak Republic on 14 March 1939, and the German occupation of the Czech rump state the next day, German leader Adolf Hitler established the protectorate on 16 March 1939 by a proclamation from Prague Castle. The creation of the protectorate violated the Munich Agreement.Crowhurst, Patrick (2020) ''Hitler and Czechoslovakia in World War II: Domination and Retaliation''. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 96, . The protectorate was nominally autonomous and had a dual system of government, with German ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brněnec
Brněnec (german: Brünnlitz) is a municipality and village in Svitavy District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,300 inhabitants. Administrative parts Villages of Chrastová Lhota, Moravská Chrastová and Podlesí are administrative parts of Brněnec. Geography Brněnec is located about south of Svitavy and north of Brno. It lies in the Svitavy Uplands. It is situated at the confluence of the Svitava River and Chrastovský Stream, and the built-up area is located in the valleys of these two watercourses. History Next to an old trade route, the settlement of Moravská Chrastová was founded after 1200 by monks from a monastery in Litomyšl. Moravská Chrastová was first mentioned in a document from 1323. The first written mention of Brněnec is to be found in the 1557 act of partition of the dominion of Svojanov. Until the 18th century it was a part of Bělá nad Svitavou. With the construction of the railway from Prague to Brno (before 185 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brünnlitz Labor Camp
The Brünnlitz labor camp () was a forced labor camp of Nazi Germany which was established in 1944 just outside the town of Brněnec ( in German), Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. It operated solely as a site for an armaments factory run by the German industrialist Oskar Schindler, which was in actuality a front for a safe haven for '. Administratively, it was a sub-camp of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp system. , the factory site sits abandoned; however, there are plans to turn it into a museum. Command and control The Brünnlitz labor camp was administratively a sub-camp of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp system. The camp was assigned an SS garrison consisting of about one hundred SS guards and female staff. The commander of the camp was '' SS-Obersturmführer'' Josef Leipold. From the very beginning, Schindler told the SS his factory would not operate as a typical camp, forbade guards to punish or harass the camp inmates, and barred any SS member from enterin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amon Göth
Amon Leopold Göth (; alternative spelling ''Goeth''; 11 December 1908 – 13 September 1946) was an Austrian SS functionary and war criminal. He served as the commandant of the Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp in Płaszów in German-occupied Poland for most of the camp's existence during World War II. Göth was tried after the war by the Supreme National Tribunal of Poland at Kraków and was found guilty of personally ordering the imprisonment, torture, and extermination of individuals and groups of people. He was also convicted of homicide, the first such conviction at a war crimes trial, for "personally killing, maiming and torturing a substantial, albeit unidentified number of people." Göth was executed by hanging not far from the former site of the Płaszów camp. The 1993 film ''Schindler's List'', in which Göth is portrayed by Ralph Fiennes, depicts his running of the Płaszów concentration camp. Early life and career Amon Göth, an only child named af ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Age
''The Age'' is a daily newspaper in Melbourne, Australia, that has been published since 1854. Owned and published by Nine Entertainment, ''The Age'' primarily serves Victoria, but copies also sell in Tasmania, the Australian Capital Territory and border regions of South Australia and southern New South Wales. It is delivered both in print and digital formats. The newspaper shares some articles with its sister newspaper '' The Sydney Morning Herald''. ''The Age'' is considered a newspaper of record for Australia, and has variously been known for its investigative reporting, with its journalists having won dozens of Walkley Awards, Australia's most prestigious journalism prize. , ''The Age'' had a monthly readership of 5.321 million. History Foundation ''The Age'' was founded by three Melbourne businessmen: brothers John and Henry Cooke (who had arrived from New Zealand in the 1840s) and Walter Powell. The first edition appeared on 17 October 1854. Syme family The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kraków-Płaszów Concentration Camp
Płaszów () or Kraków-Płaszów was a Nazi concentration camp operated by the SS in Płaszów, a southern suburb of Kraków, in the General Governorate of German-occupied Poland. Most of the prisoners were Polish Jews who were targeted for destruction by Nazi Germany during the Holocaust. Many prisoners died because of executions, forced labor, and the poor conditions in the camp. The camp was evacuated in January 1945, before the Red Army's liberation of the area on 20 January. History Originally intended as a forced labour camp, the Płaszów concentration camp was constructed on the grounds of two former Jewish cemeteries (including the New Jewish Cemetery). It was populated with prisoners during the liquidation of the Kraków Ghetto, which took place on 13–14 March 1943 with the first deportations of the ''Barrackenbau'' Jews from the Ghetto beginning 28 October 1942. In 1943 the camp was expanded and integrated into the Nazi concentration camp system as a main ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kraków Ghetto
The Kraków Ghetto was one of five major metropolitan Nazi ghettos created by Germany in the new General Government territory during the German occupation of Poland in World War II. It was established for the purpose of exploitation, terror, and persecution of local Polish Jews. The ghetto was later used as a staging area for separating the "able workers" from those to be deported to extermination camps in Operation Reinhard. The Ghetto was liquidated between June 1942 and March 1943, with most of its inhabitants deported to the Belzec extermination camp as well as to Płaszów slave-labor camp, and Auschwitz concentration camp, rail distance. Background Before the German-Soviet invasion of 1939, Kraków was an influential centre for the Polish Jews who had lived there since the 13th century. Persecution of the Jewish population of Kraków began immediately after the German troops entered the city on 6 September 1939 in the course of the German aggression against Polan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tyniec
Tyniec is a historic village in Poland on the Vistula river, since 1973 a part of the city of Kraków (currently in the district of Dębniki). Tyniec is notable for its Benedictine abbey founded by King Casimir the Restorer in 1044. Etymology The name of the village comes from a Celtic language word "tyn", which means wall or fence, and which means that the history of Tyniec as a fortified settlement (see gord) dates back to pre- Slavic times. Geography Tyniec lies southwest of the centre of Kraków, on the right bank of the Vistula, among limestone Jurassic hills, called the Tyniec Hills, with the highest one being Wielogora (also called Guminek), above sea level. Furthermore, Tyniec has a Vistula canyon (called Tyniec Gate), a Skolczanka Nature Reserve (est. 1957), and a locally renowned water source, Zrodlo Swietojanskie, the only source of this kind in the city of Kraków. In ancient times the village was located along a merchant trade route from Kraków, via Oświęcim, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was the German Reich, German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a dictatorship. Under Hitler's rule, Germany quickly became a totalitarian state where nearly all aspects of life were controlled by the government. The Third Reich, meaning "Third Realm" or "Third Empire", alluded to the Nazi claim that Nazi Germany was the successor to the earlier Holy Roman Empire (800–1806) and German Empire (1871–1918). The Third Reich, which Hitler and the Nazis referred to as the Thousand-Year Reich, ended in May 1945 after just 12 years when the Allies of World War II, Allies defeated Germany, End of World War II in Europe, ending World War II in Europe. On 30 January 1933, H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
