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Legionellales
The ''Legionellales'' are an order of '' Pseudomonadota'' ("Proteobacteria"). Like all ''Pseudomonadota'', they are Gram-negative.George M. Garrity: '' Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology''. 2. Auflage. Springer, New York, 2005, Volume 2: ''The Proteobacteria, Part B: The Gammaproteobacteria'' They comprise two families, typified by ''Legionella'' and '' Coxiella'', both of which include notable pathogens. For example, Q fever is caused by '' Coxiella burnetii'' and ''Legionella pneumophila'' causes Legionnaires' disease and Pontiac fever Pontiac fever is an acute, nonfatal respiratory disease caused by various species of Gram-negative bacteria in the genus ''Legionella''. It causes a mild upper respiratory infection that resembles acute influenza. Pontiac fever resolves spontaneo .... Members of the order ''Legionellales'' can be molecularly distinguished from other ''Gammaproteobacteria'' by the presence of four conserved signature indels (CSIs) in the proteins tRNA- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coxiella (bacterium)
''Coxiella'' refers to a genus of Gram-negative bacteria in the family Coxiellaceae. It is named after Herald Rea Cox (1907–1986), an American bacteriologist. It is part of the Gammaproteobacteria. '' Coxiella burnetii'' is the best known member of this genus. It is an intracellular parasite and it survives within the phagolysosomes of its host. It causes Q fever. The majority of ''Coxiella''’s described members are non pathogenic forms which are often found in ticks. Approximately two-thirds of tick species harbour ''Coxiella''-like endosymbionts required for tick survival and reproduction. Genomes of ''Coxiella''-like endosymbionts encode pathways for the biosynthesis of major B vitamins and co-factors that fit closely with the expected nutritional complements required for strict haematophagy. The experimental elimination of ''Coxiella''-like endosymbionts typically results in decreased tick survival, molting, fecundity and egg viability, as well as in physical abno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diplorickettsia
''Diplorickettsia massiliensis'' species is an obligate intracellular, gram negative bacterium isolated from Ixodes ricinus ticks collected in Slovak republic forest geographically from southeastern part of Rovinka in 2006.Mediannikov, O., et al.A novel obligate intracellular gamma-proteobacterium associated with ixodid ticks, Diplorickettsia massiliensis, Gen. Nov., Sp. Nov.''PLOS ONE'', 2010. 5(7): p. e11478. They belong to the gammaproteobacteria class and are non endospore forming, small rods usually grouped in pairs. The bacteria are non-motile, and 16S rRNA, rpoB, parC and ftsY gene sequencing indicate that this bacterium is clearly different from all other recognized species. An initial phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA, clustered ''D. massiliensis'' with ''Rickettsiella grylli''. Because of its low 16S rDNA similarity (94%) with ''R. grylli'', it was classified as a new genus ''Diplorickettsia'' into the family ''Coxiellaceae'' and the order ''Legionellales''. ''D. ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rickettsiella
''Rickettsiella'' is a genus of the family Coxiellaceae. It should not be confused with ''Rickettsia''. It is currently considered of the Gammaproteobacteria. However, its placement under Coxiellaceae instead of Legionellaceae has been challenged. Molecular Signatures and Taxonomy Members of the genera ''Rickettsiella'' and ''Diplorickettsia'' are observed to form a reliable clade in phylogenetic trees constructed from various datasets of concatenated protein sequences and 16S rRNA sequences, suggesting that they might belong to a single genus. Genomic analyses identified 12 conserved signature indels (CSIs) that are specific for this clade in the proteins inositol monophosphatase, lysyl-tRNA synthetase, elongation factor P-(R)-beta-lysine ligase, tol-Pal system beta propeller repeat protein TolB, FKBP-type peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, response regulator transcription factor, 30S ribosomal protein S2, glycine cleavage system aminomethyltransferase GcvT, M3 family metal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coxiellaceae
The Coxiellaceae are a family in the order Legionellales. ''Coxiella burnetii'' is the best-described species in this group. The bacterium ''Rickettsiella melolonthae'' was initially assigned to the ''Coxiellaceae'', but is considered part of the Diplorickettsiaceae (a closely related lineage of Gammaproteobacteria) based on recent phylogenomic reconstructions. Various other Coxiellaceae lineages have so-far evaded cultivation efforts but have been characterized through culture-independent genomics and are present in both freshwater and diverse marine environments, likely with a host-associated lifestyle similar to that of ''Coxiella burnetti''''.'' References Legionellales Bacteria families {{Legionellales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aquicella
''Aquicella'' is a genus of Gram-negative rod-shaped cells and filaments in the family ''Coxiellaceae'' from the order ''Legionellales''. The type species of this genus is ''Aquicella lusitana.'' The name ''Aquicella'' is composed of the Latin term ''aqua'' (referring to water) and the Latin term ''cella'' (referring to a chamber, closet, or cabinet, or in biology, a cell). Together, the name ''Aquicella'' translates to a cell from water. Biochemical Characteristics and Molecular Signatures Members of this genus grow in protozoa and can be isolated from hydrothermal areas. All members are strictly aerobic, non-motile, do not produce spores and are oxidase and catalase negative. ''Aquicella'' species can grow in temperatures ranging from 30 °C to 43 °C and require a neutral pH and growth media containing activated charcoal and a-ketoglutarate. Colonies appear whitish with a pink or blue sheen. Analyses of genome sequences from ''Aquicella'' species identified six co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legionellaceae
''Legionella'' is a genus of gram-negative bacteria that can be seen using a silver stain or grown in a special media that contains cysteine, an amino acid. It is known to cause legionellosis (all illnesses caused by ''Legionella'') including a pneumonia-type illness called Legionnaires' disease and a mild flu-like illness called Pontiac fever. These bacteria are common in many places, like soil and water. There are over 50 species and 70 types ( serogroups) identified. ''Legionella'' does not spread from person-to-person. Most individuals who are exposed to the bacteria do not get sick. Most outbreaks result from poorly maintained cooling towers. The cell wall of the ''Legionella'' bacteria has parts that determine its specific type. The structural arrangement and building blocks (sugars) in the cell wall help classify the bacteria. Etymology ''Legionella'' was named after a 1976 outbreak of a then-unknown "mystery disease" at a convention of the American Legion, an associatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legionella
''Legionella'' is a genus of gram-negative bacteria, gram-negative bacteria that can be seen using a silver stain or grown in a special media that contains cysteine, an amino acid. It is known to cause legionellosis (all illnesses caused by ''Legionella'') including a pneumonia-type illness called Legionnaires' disease and a mild flu-like illness called Pontiac fever. These bacteria are common in many places, like soil and water. There are over 50 species and 70 types (serotype, serogroups) identified. ''Legionella'' does not spread from person-to-person. Most individuals who are exposed to the bacteria do not get sick. Most outbreaks result from poorly maintained cooling towers. The cell wall of the ''Legionella'' bacteria has parts that determine its specific type. The structural arrangement and building blocks (sugars) in the cell wall help classify the bacteria. Etymology ''Legionella'' was named after 1976 Philadelphia Legionnaires' disease outbreak, a 1976 outbreak of a th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gammaproteobacteria
''Gammaproteobacteria'' is a class of bacteria in the phylum ''Pseudomonadota'' (synonym ''Proteobacteria''). It contains about 250 genera, which makes it the most genus-rich taxon of the Prokaryotes. Several medically, ecologically, and scientifically important groups of bacteria belong to this class. All members of this class are Gram-negative. It is the most phylogenetically and physiologically diverse class of the ''Pseudomonadota''. Members of ''Gammaproteobacteria'' live in several terrestrial and marine environments, in which they play various important roles, including in extreme environments such as hydrothermal vents. They can have different shapes, rods, curved rods, cocci, spirilla, and filaments, and include free living bacteria, biofilm formers, commensals and symbionts; some also have the distinctive trait of being bioluminescent. Diverse metabolisms are found in ''Gammaproteobacteria''; there are both aerobic and anaerobic (obligate or facultative) species, chem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coxiella Burnetii
''Coxiella burnetii'' is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen, and is the causative agent of Q fever. The genus ''Coxiella'' is morphologically similar to '' Rickettsia'', but with a variety of physiological differences genetically classified as part of the class Gammaproteobacteria (and not Alphaproteobacteria, like ''Rickettsia''). ''C. burnetii'' is a small Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium that is highly resistant to environmental stresses such as high temperature, osmotic pressure, and ultraviolet light. These characteristics are attributed to a small cell variant form of the organism that is part of a biphasic developmental cycle, including a more metabolically and replicatively active large cell variant form. It can survive standard disinfectants, and is resistant to many other environmental changes like those presented in the phagolysosome. History and naming Research in the 1920s and 1930s identified what appeared to be a new type of ''Rickettsia'', i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legionella Pneumophila
''Legionella pneumophila'', the primary causative agent for Legionnaires' disease, Legionnaire's disease, is an Aerobic organism, aerobic, pleomorphic, Flagellum, flagellated, non-spore-forming, Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-negative bacterium. ''L. pneumophila'' is a intracellular parasite that preferentially infects soil amoebae and freshwater protozoa for replication. Due to ''L. pneumophila’s'' ability to thrive in water, it can grow in water filtration systems, leading to faucets, showers, and other fixtures. Aerosolized water droplets containing ''L. pneumophila'' originating from these fixtures may be inhaled by humans. Upon entry to the human respiratory tract, ''L. pneumophila'' is able to infect and reproduce within human Alveolar macrophage, alveolar macrophages. This causes the onset of Legionnaires' disease, also known as legionellosis. Infected humans may display symptoms such as fever, delirium, diarrhea, and decreased liver and kidney function. ''L. pneumophila' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pontiac Fever
Pontiac fever is an acute, nonfatal respiratory disease caused by various species of Gram-negative bacteria in the genus ''Legionella''. It causes a mild upper respiratory infection that resembles acute influenza. Pontiac fever resolves spontaneously and often goes undiagnosed. Both Pontiac fever and the more severe Legionnaire's disease may be caused by the same bacterium, but Pontiac fever does not include pneumonia. Signs and symptoms Cause Species of ''Legionella'' known to cause Pontiac fever include ''Legionella pneumophila'', '' Legionella longbeachae'', '' Legionella feeleii'', '' Legionella micdadei'', and '' Legionella anisa''. Sources of the causative agents are aquatic systems and potting soil. The first outbreak caused by inhalation of aerosolized potting soil was discovered in New Zealand in January 2007. A total of 10 workers at a nursery came down with Pontiac fever. It was the first identification of ''L. longbeachae''. Pontiac fever does not spread from perso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
