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Leeward Caribbean Creole English
There are several varieties of Antiguan and Barbudan Creole forming a branch of the Eastern Caribbean Creole, many of which are only partially mutually intelligible. Variation is strongest in the mountainous regions of southwestern Antigua. The varieties are classified into seven main groups: North Antiguan, South Antiguan, Barbudan, Saint Kitts, Anguillan, Montserratian, and Kokoy. Classification Antiguan and Barbudan Creole forms a dialect continuum, with varieties tending to become less mutually intelligible by distance. ;North Antiguan Creole :This variety has the most speakers and is considered the standard variety of Antiguan and Barbudan Creole. It originated in the city of St. John's and has spread throughout northern Antigua due to the amount of people who commute to the city. The variety has about 48,000 native speakers in Antigua and Barbuda. It is most similar to Montserrat Creole. ;South Antiguan Creole :This variety is the most distant from the other creoles ...
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Leeward Islands
The Leeward Islands () are a group of islands situated where the northeastern Caribbean Sea meets the western Atlantic Ocean. Starting with the Virgin Islands east of Puerto Rico, they extend southeast to Guadeloupe and its dependencies. In English, the term ''Leeward Islands'' refers to the northern islands of the Lesser Antilles chain. The more southerly part of this chain, starting with Dominica, is called the Windward Islands. Dominica was initially considered a part of the Leeward Islands but was transferred from the British Leeward Islands to the British Windward Islands in 1940. Origin of the name The name of this island group, ''Leeward Islands'', dates from previous centuries, when sailing ships were the sole form of transportation across the Atlantic Ocean. In sailing terminology, "windward and leeward, windward" means towards the source of the wind (upwind), while "windward and leeward, leeward" is the opposite direction (downwind). In the West Indies, the prevailin ...
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Kokoy Creole
Kokoy is a variety of Antiguan and Barbudan Creole spoken in northeast Dominica by descendents of Antiguan and Montserratian settlers. It is primarily spoken in the villages of Wesley, Marigot, and Woodford Hill, although it has since spread throughout the country to become the island's main English-based creole, although some sources also state that there are noticeable distinctions between a Dominican Creole English and Kokoy. The settlers who spoke the language were originally employed on many of the island's plantations, and were mostly Methodist. Kokoy developed in the late 19th century. It is distinct from Dominican Creole French Dominican Creole French is a French-based creole, which is a widely spoken language in Dominica. It can be considered a distinct dialect of Antillean Creole. History It is a sub-variety of Antillean Creole, which is spoken in other islands of .... References Antiguan and Barbudan Creole Languages of Dominica Languages of the Caribbe ...
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Languages Of Antigua And Barbuda
The primary language spoken by the population of Antigua and Barbuda is Antiguan and Barbudan Creole. In Antigua and Barbuda, no law establishes an official language. English is the language of academic communication, and due to its widespread usage, it is considered the country's working language. Nearly all of the population is fluent in English. Antiguan and Barbudan Creole Antiguan and Barbudan Creole is the primary language spoken in the country. There are three primary dialects of the language in the country. The North Antiguan Creole, north Antiguan dialect, the South Antiguan Creole, south Antiguan dialect, and the Barbudan Creole, Barbudan dialect. Antiguan and Barbudan Creole is natively spoken in most of the former British Leeward Islands. The south Antiguan dialect is only semi-intelligible with the rest of the Antiguan and Barbudan Creole dialects, primarily being spoken in Saint Mary, Antigua and Barbuda, Saint Mary and Swetes in Saint Paul. Barbudan Creole tends to ...
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Antiguan And Barbudan English
Antiguan and Barbudan English (ABE) or Antiguan and Barbudan Standard English is a dialect of English language, English used in Antigua and Barbuda. ABE co-exists with Antiguan and Barbudan Creole. History The English language was brought to Antigua and Barbuda by settlers in the 1620s. The first confirmed English settlement in Antigua and Barbuda was established in 1632. In 1674, the first sugar plantation was established in the country. This is when the first African slaves were brought to the country, and soon, the majority of people in Antigua and Barbuda were of African descent. When speakers of Antiguan English made contact with these Antiguan slaves, Antiguan and Barbudan Creole emerged. During the colonial era, ABE remained the dominant dialect of English in Antigua and Barbuda, being used in official documents and in formal settings. By the twentieth-century, a culture of code-switching emerged, especially in the Education in Antigua and Barbuda, education system, w ...
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Caribbean English
Caribbean English (CE, CarE) is a set of dialects of the English language which are spoken in the Caribbean and most countries on the Caribbean coasts of Central America and South America. Caribbean English is influenced by, but is distinct to the English-based creole languages spoken in the region. Though dialects of Caribbean English vary structurally and phonetically across the region, all are primarily derived from British English, Indigenous languages and West African languages. In some countries with a plurality Indian population, such as Trinidad and Tobago and Guyana, Caribbean English has further been influenced by Hindustani and other South Asian languages. Overview * The daily-used English in the Caribbean has a different set of pronouns, typically ''me, meh'' or ''mi'', ''you, yuh, he, she, it, we, wi'' or ''alawe, wunna'' or ''unu'', and ''dem'' or ''day''. Central Americans use ''I, mi, my, he, she, ih, it, we, wi'' or ''alawe'', ''allayu'' or ''unu'', and ...
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Jamaican Patois
Jamaican Patois (; locally rendered Patwah and called Jamaican Creole by linguists) is an English-based creole language with influences from West African, Arawak, Spanish and other languages, spoken primarily in Jamaica and among the Jamaican diaspora. Words or slang from Jamaican Patois can be heard in other Caribbean countries, the United Kingdom, New York City and Miami in the United States, and Toronto, Canada. The majority of non-English words in Patois derive from the West African Akan language.Cassidy, F. G. "Multiple etymologies in Jamaican Creole". ''Am Speech'', 1966, 41:211–215. It is spoken by the majority of Jamaicans as a First language, native language. Patois developed in the 17th century when enslaved people from West and Central Africa were exposed to, learned, and nativized the vernacular and dialectal language spoken by the slaveholders and overseers: British English, Hiberno-English and Scots language, Scots. Jamaican Creole exists in gradations between ...
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Irish Language
Irish (Standard Irish: ), also known as Irish Gaelic or simply Gaelic ( ), is a Celtic language of the Indo-European language family. It is a member of the Goidelic languages of the Insular Celtic sub branch of the family and is indigenous language, indigenous to the island of Ireland. It was the majority of the population's first language until the 19th century, when English (language), English gradually became dominant, particularly in the last decades of the century, in what is sometimes characterised as a result of linguistic imperialism. Today, Irish is still commonly spoken as a first language in Ireland's Gaeltacht regions, in which 2% of Ireland's population lived in 2022. The total number of people (aged 3 and over) in Ireland who declared they could speak Irish in April 2022 was 1,873,997, representing 40% of respondents, but of these, 472,887 said they never spoke it and a further 551,993 said they only spoke it within the education system. Linguistic analyses o ...
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Saint Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla
Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (or Saint Christopher, Nevis, and Anguilla) was a British colony in the West Indies from 1882 to 1983, consisting of the islands of Anguilla (until 1980), Nevis, and Saint Kitts, Saint Christopher (or Saint Kitts). From 1882 to 1951, and again from 1980, the colony was known simply as Saint Christopher and Nevis. Saint Christopher and Nevis gained independence in 1983 as the Saint Kitts and Nevis, Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis, while Anguilla would remain a British overseas territory. History The islands of Saint Christopher and Nevis had been British colonies since the 17th century, though were always administered separately. A union of Saint Christopher and Nevis had been proposed as early as 1867, when Captain James George Mackenzie was appointed List of colonial governors of Saint Christopher, Lieutenant-Governor of Saint Christopher with a mandate to seek an amalgamation of the administrations of the two islands. This proposal met wit ...
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Saint Martin (island)
Saint Martin is an island in Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles in the northeastern Caribbean, approximately east of Puerto Rico. The island is divided roughly 60:40 between the France, French Republic () and the Kingdom of the Netherlands (), but the Dutch part is more populated than the French. Divided since 1648, the northern French part comprises the Collectivity of Saint Martin and is an overseas collectivity of the French Republic. The southern Dutch part comprises Sint Maarten and is one of Kingdom of the Netherlands#Constituent countries, four constituent countries that form the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Even though the island is an overseas possession of two European Union member states, only the French part of the island is part of the EU. On 1 January 2019, the population of the whole island was 73,777 inhabitants, with 41,177 living on the Dutch side and 32,489 on the French side. Note that the figure for the French side is based on censuses that took place af ...
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Virgin Islands Creole
Virgin Islands Creole, or Virgin Islands Creole English, is an English-based creole consisting of several varieties spoken in the Virgin Islands and the nearby SSS islands of Saba, Saint Martin and Sint Eustatius, where it is known as Saban English, Saint Martin English, and Statian English, respectively. The term "Virgin Islands Creole" is formal terminology used by scholars and academics, and rarely used in everyday speech. Informally, the creole is known as a ''dialect'', as many locals perceive the creole as a dialect of English, not an English creole language.Wiltshire, Shari (January 28–29, 2007). "Crucian: Dialect or a language? Professor at UVI to publish dictionary". ''St. Croix Avis'' But academic sociohistorical and linguistic research suggests that it is in fact an English creole language. Because there are several varieties of Virgin Islands Creole, it is also colloquially known by the specific island on which it is spoken: ''Crucian dialect, Thomian dialect, T ...
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Fante Dialect
Fante (), also known as Fanti, Fantse, or Mfantse, is one of the three literary dialects of the Akan language, along with Asante dialect, Asante and Akuapem dialect, Akuapem, with which it is Mutual intelligibility, mutually intelligible. It is principally spoken in the central and southern regions of Ghana as well as in settlements in other regions in western Ghana, Ivory Coast, as well as in Liberia, Gambia and Angola. Fante is the common dialect of the Fante people, whose communities each have their own Subdialect, subdialects, namely Agona, Anomabo, Abura and Gomoa, all of which are mutually intelligible. Schacter and Fromkin describe two main Fante dialect groups: Fante 1, which uses a syllable-final /w/ and thus distinguishes ''kaw'' ("dance") and ''ka'' ("bite"); and Fante 2, where these words are homophonous. A standardized form of Fante is taught in primary and secondary schools. Many Fantes are bilingual or Bidialectism, bidialectal and most can speak Twi language, Twi. ...
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Shekerley Mountains
The Shekerley Mountains are a low mountain range on southwestern Antigua island, in the nation of Antigua and Barbuda and the Leeward Islands of the eastern Caribbean. Geography The range stretches for along the south coast of the island, from near Johnsons Point in the west, to Falmouth Harbour and Falmouth, Antigua and Barbuda, Falmouth, near English Harbour in the east. Prominent hills All of the highest points on Antigua island are in the Shekerley Mountains range. The most prominent hills of the Shekerley Mountains include: :* Boggy Peak, the highest and formerly named Mount Obama :* Monks Hill :* Signal Hill (Antigua and Barbuda), Signal Hill :* Sage Hill Communities Within the mountains * Boggy Peak ED * John Hughes, Saint Mary, John Hughes * Dieppe Bay, Antigua and Barbuda, Dieppe Bay Near the mountains * Old Road, Antigua and Barbuda, Old Road * Crabs Hill * Johnsons Point * Urlings * Swetes (Southwest ED) * Liberta, Saint Paul, Liberta (Southwest ED) * B ...
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