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Lebanese Communist Party
The Lebanese Communist Party (LCP; , transliterated: ) is a communist party in Lebanon. It was founded in 1943 as a division of the Syrian–Lebanese Communist Party into the Syrian Communist Party and the Lebanese Communist Party, but the division was only implemented in 1964. History Creation The Syrian–Lebanese Communist Party was a Communist party operating in Syria and Lebanon, founded in 1924 by the Lebanese-Egyptian Fu'ad al-Shamali, the Lebanese Yusuf Yazbek and the Armenian Artin Madoyan.Claude Palazzoli, La Syrie - Le rêve et la rupture, Paris, Le Sycomore, 1977 It was the second Communist party to be formed in the Levant, after the Communist Party of Palestine. In Lebanon, the party initially used the name Lebanese People's Party, in an attempt to evade the ban on "Bolshevik" activities. The party was declared illegal by the Mandatory authority at first, but the ban was relaxed under the French Front Populaire government, and again in 1941. The party took ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanna Gharib
Hanna Gharib (; born 28 ٍSeptember 1953) is a Lebanese people, Lebanese politician and the current general secretary of the Lebanese Communist Party (LCP). Early life and education Gharib was born in September 1953 in the city of Tripoli, Lebanon, Tripoli in Northern Lebanon to a poor family of six children. His father was a Lebanese army soldier. After the retirement of his father from the army, the family moved to Rahbeh, their original town in Akkar in the north where he joined its official primary and secondary school. During this period Gharib joined the Union of Lebanese Democratic Youth, a secular left-wing youth organization where he met with communists who attracted him with their ideas of social justice and equality. He continued his university studies in the Lebanese University in Beirut, where he studied chemistry in the faculty of education. Career After graduation, Gharib became a public secondary school teacher in chemistry, first in the city of Sidon, Saida i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
7th World Congress Of The Comintern
The Seventh World Congress of the Communist International (Comintern) was a multinational conference held in Moscow from July 25 through August 20, 1935 by delegated representatives of ruling and non-ruling communist parties from around the world and invited guests representing other political and organized labor organizations. The gathering was attended by 513 delegates, of whom 371 were accorded full voting rights, representing 65 Comintern member parties as well as 19 sympathizing parties. The gathering is best remembered for its endorsement of a Popular Front of communist and non-communist forces against the growing menace of fascism in Europe, paving the way for advocacy of collective security between the Soviet Union and the various capitalist states of Europe. This marked a dramatic reversal of the Comintern's previous orientation towards class warfare endorsed by the 6th World Congress of 1928, the aggressive line of the so-called " Third Period." History Background ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Popular Front (France)
The Popular Front (, ) was an alliance of left-wing movements in France, including the French Communist Party (PCF), the socialist SFIO and the Radical-Socialist Republican Party, during the interwar period. Three months after the victory of the Spanish Popular Front, the Popular Front won the May 1936 legislative election, leading to the formation of a government first headed by SFIO leader Léon Blum and composed of republican and SFIO ministers. Blum's government implemented various social reforms. The workers' movement welcomed this electoral victory by launching a general strike in May–June 1936, resulting in the negotiation of the Matignon Agreements, one of the cornerstones of social rights in France. All employees were assured a two-week paid vacation, and the rights of unions were strengthened. The socialist movement's euphoria was apparent in SFIO member Marceau Pivert's "''Tout est possible!''" (Everything is possible). However, the economy continued to s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Mandate Of Lebanon
The State of Greater Lebanon (; ), informally known as French Lebanon, was a state declared on 1 September 1920, which became the Lebanese Republic (; ) in May 1926, and is the predecessor of modern Lebanon. The state was declared on 1 September 1920, following Decree 318 of 31 August 1920, as a League of Nations Mandate under the proposed terms of the Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon which was to be ratified in 1923. When the Ottoman Empire was formally split up by the Treaty of Sèvres in 1920, it was decided that four of its territories in the Middle East should be League of Nations mandates temporarily governed by the United Kingdom and France on behalf of the League. The British were given Palestine and Iraq, while the French were given a mandate over Syria and Lebanon. General Gouraud proclaimed the establishment of the state with its present boundaries after support from the majority of Lebanese regardless of religion and with Beirut as its capital. The new territory wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolsheviks
The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, were a radical Faction (political), faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split with the Mensheviks at the 2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, Second Party Congress in 1903. The Bolshevik party, formally established in 1912, seized power in Russia in the October Revolution of 1917, and was later renamed the Russian Communist Party, All-Union Communist Party, and ultimately the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Its ideology, based on Leninism, Leninist and later Marxism–Leninism, Marxist–Leninist principles, became known as Bolshevism. The origin of the RSDLP split was Lenin's support for a smaller party of professional revolutionaries, as opposed to the Menshevik desire for a broad party membership. The influence of the factions fluctuated in the years up to 1912, when the RSDLP formally split in two. The political philosophy of the Bolsheviks was based on the Leninist pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lebanese People's Party
The Lebanese People's Party () was the first formally organized communist party in the Arab world. It was established 24 October 1924 by nine people, prominent among them Joseph Berger-Barzilai, Yusuf Yazbek and Fuad Shamali. The LPP published the leftist weekly newspaper '' al-Insaniyyah'' ("''Humanity''"), also the first of its kind in the Arab world. The first edition was published 15 May 1925, but it lasted only five issues as the French colonial authorities shut it down on 16 June 1925. The LPP later merged with the Armenian group "Spartacus" to create the Syrian–Lebanese Communist Party. The first meeting of the new party, which was attended by 15 representatives, was held in secret on 9 December 1925. References Sources * Ismael, Tareq Y., and Jacqueline S. Ismael. ''The Communist Movement in Syria & Lebanon''. Gainesville: University Press of Florida The University Press of Florida (UPF) is the scholarly publishing arm of the State University System of Florida, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist Party Of Palestine
The Communist Party of Palestine () was a communist party in Palestine 1922-1923. It was formed through a split in the Poale Zion which led to the formation of the Jewish Communist Party and another faction forming the Palestinian Communist Party. A major difference between the two parties was the attitude towards Zionism. The Communist Party of Palestine was more staunch in its condemnation of Zionism, whereas the Palestinian Communist Party was open towards some degree of cooperation with Zionists. The Communist Party of Palestine opposed Zionist settlements in Palestine.Halliday, Fred. Early Communism in Palestine', in ''Journal of Palestine Studies'', Vol. 7, No. 2 (Winter, 1978), pp. 162-169 In 1923 the two parties merged, forming the Palestine Communist Party. Joseph Berger-Barzilai, co-founder of the Communist Party of Palestine, spent twenty five years in Stalin's prisons and concentrations camps after the purges In history, religion and political science, a purge i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Levant
The Levant ( ) is the subregion that borders the Eastern Mediterranean, Eastern Mediterranean sea to the west, and forms the core of West Asia and the political term, Middle East, ''Middle East''. In its narrowest sense, which is in use today in archaeology and other cultural contexts, it is equivalent to Cyprus and a stretch of land bordering the Mediterranean Sea in Western AsiaGasiorowski, Mark (2016). ''The Government and Politics of the Middle East and North Africa''. p. 5: "... today the term ''Levantine'' can describe shared cultural products, such as Levantine cuisine or Levantine archaeology". .Steiner & Killebrew, p9: "The general limits ..., as defined here, begin at the Plain of 'Amuq in the north and extend south until the Wâdī al-Arish, along the northern coast of Sinai. ... The western coastline and the eastern deserts set the boundaries for the Levant ... The Euphrates and the area around Jebel el-Bishrī mark the eastern boundary of the northern Levant, as d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artin Madoyan
Artin Madoyan () (born 10 April 1904 in Adana) was a Lebanese-Armenian communist politician. He was the most prominent Armenian leader of the Lebanese Communist Party. He was seen as the 'right hand' of Syrian communist leader Khalid Bakdash. Youth Madoyan was the son of a refugee shoe-maker from Adana. In his youth Madoyan was a Huntchag, but later became a communist. He studied in Istanbul and was a member of the Huntchag Social Democratic Students Union. Madoyan befriended Bedik Torossian, who later became a leader of the Armenian Communist Party. Spartak and foundation of the Communist Party In the summer of 1922 Madoyan moved to Beirut, where his family had sought refuge. In 1922 the Huntchag Social Democratic Students Union set up a branch in Beirut with Madoyan as its secretary. In 1923 the Huntchag Students Union branch was dissolved as Madoyan and Haykazun Boyadian founded the Armenian communist organization ''Spartak Youth''. The organization maintained links with the A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yusuf Yazbek
Yusuf Yazbek (1901–1982) was a Lebanese journalist and politician who cofounded the Lebanese People's Party which was the forerunner of the Syrian–Lebanese Communist Party. He also involved in the establishment of the Syrian–Lebanese Communist Party. Early life Yazbek was born in 1901. He hailed from a Maronite family. He stayed in Mexico during his childhood, where he met a Lebanese poet and journalist Said Akl. Yazbek and Said Akl returned to Lebanon before World War I. Then Yazbek joined the opposition groups against the Ottoman rule in the region, and Akl launched a newspaper, '' Al Bayrak'', in 1911. Career and activities Yazbek worked as a secretary-interpreter in the Department of Emigration at the Beirut port. In the period between 1922 and 1924, he was one of the editors of a semi-weekly labor newspaper entitled '' Al-Ṣaḥafi al-Taʼih'' (Arabic: ''The Wandering Journalist'') based in Zahlé, Lebanon. He published his articles using the pseudonym ''the Weeping G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fu'ad Al-Shamali
Fuad I ( ''Fu’ād al-Awwal''; 26 March 1868 – 28 April 1936) was the Sultan and later King of Egypt and the Sudan. The ninth ruler of Egypt and Sudan from the Muhammad Ali dynasty, he became Sultan in 1917, succeeding his elder brother Hussein Kamel. He replaced the title of Sultan with King when the United Kingdom unilaterally declared Egyptian independence in 1922. Early life Fuad was born in Giza Palace in Cairo, the fifth issue of Isma'il Pasha. He spent his childhood with his exiled father in Naples. He got his education from the military academy in Turin, Italy. His mother was Ferial Qadin. Prior to becoming sultan, Fuad had played a major role in the establishment of Egyptian University (now called Cairo University). He became the university's first rector in 1908, and remained in the post until his resignation in 1913. He was succeeded as rector by then-minister of Justice Hussein Rushdi Pasha. In 1913, Fuad made unsuccessful attempts to secure the throne of Alb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
