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Laytime
__NOTOC__ In commercial shipping, laytime is the amount of time allowed, measured in days (or portions thereof), hours, or even tides, within a voyage charter for the loading and unloading of cargo. Under a voyage charter or time charter, the shipowner is responsible for operating the vessel, and the master and crew are the employees of the shipowner, not the charterer. However, once the vessel has "arrived" at a port the charterer then assumes responsibility for the loading and unloading of cargo and has a period of laytime in which to carry that out. The actual loading may be performed by a third-party stevedore. The moment that laytime commences is determined by a Notice of Readiness (or "NOR"), which the master or agent of the ship must give to the port when the ship has arrived at the port of loading or discharge. The charterparty contract determines the precise meaning of "arrival". Usually, "arrival" is when the ship has arrived at the port and is ready in all respects t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Demurrage
"Demurrage" in vessel chartering is the amount of liquidated damages owed by a charterer to a shipowner when the charterer remained in possession of the vessel for the purpose of loading and unloading ( laytime) beyond the time allowed by contract. That is, demurrage describes the charges that the charterer pays to the ship owner for its delayed operations of loading or unloading.Maritime Knowhow website: GENCON Clause 7 Officially, demurrage is a form of liquidated damages for breaching the laytime as it is stated in the governing contract (the charterparty). The demurrage sometimes causes a loss to the seller as it increases cost of the total freight. The inverse of demurrage is despatch. If the charterer requires the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suisse Atlantique Societe D'Armament SA V NV Rotterdamsche Kolen Centrale
''Suisse Atlantique Societe d'Armament SA v NV Rotterdamsche Kolen Centrale'' 9671 AC 361 is a landmark English contract law decision of the House of Lords, concerning the notions of fundamental breach of contract and inequality of bargaining power. It was subsequently upheld by another House of Lords case, '' Photoproductions v Securicor'', and together these two cases form the definitive statement of the common law prior to the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977. Facts The case involved a two-year time charter to export coal from Europe to the USA. The ship was to make as many trips as possible, and the owners were to be paid an agreed freight rate according to the amount of cargo carried. If the laytime were exceeded, the charterers were to pay demurrage of $1000 per day. Serious delays occurred because the charterers had difficulty both in getting cargo to the port, and in loading and unloading efficiently. Nevertheless, the shipowner did not cancel the contract, but allowed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chartering (shipping)
Chartering is an activity within the shipping industry whereby a shipowner hires out the use of their vessel to a charterer. The contract between the parties is called a charterparty (from French 'parted document'). The three main types of charter are: demise charter, voyage charter, and time charter. Charterer In some cases, a charterer may own cargo and employ a shipbroker to find a ship to deliver the cargo for a certain price, the freight rate. Freight rates may be on a per-ton basis over a certain route (e.g. for iron ore between Brazil and China), in Worldscale points (in case of oil tankers). Alternatively may be expressed in terms of a total sum, normally in US dollars, per day for the agreed duration of the charter. A charterer may also be a party without a cargo that takes a vessel on charter for a specified period from the owner and then trades the ship to carry cargoes at a profit above the hire rate or even makes a profit in a rising market by reletting the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Mihalis Angelos
''Maredelanto Compania Naviera SA v Bergbau-Handel GmbH'' or ''The Mihalis Angelos'' 970EWCA Civ 4is an English contract law case, concerning breach of contract. Facts ''The Mihalis Angelos'' was fixed to sail to Haiphong and there load a cargo for delivery in Europe. In the charterparty dated 25 May 1965 the shipowners ("the owners") stated that the ship was "expected ready to load under this charter about July 1, 1965". The charterparty also provided, in the first sentence of the cancelling clause, "Should the vessel not be ready to load (whether in berth or not) on or before July 20, 1965, charterers have the option of cancelling this contract, such option to be declared, if demanded, at least 48 hours before vessel's expected arrival at port of loading". On 17 July 1965 the ship was at Hong Kong, still discharging cargo from her previous voyage. It was physically impossible for her to finish discharging and reach Haiphong by 20 July. The charterers gave notice cancelling ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voyage Charter
Chartering is an activity within the shipping industry whereby a shipowner hires out the use of their vessel to a charterer. The contract between the parties is called a charterparty (from French 'parted document'). The three main types of charter are: demise charter, voyage charter, and time charter. Charterer In some cases, a charterer may own cargo and employ a shipbroker to find a ship to deliver the cargo for a certain price, the freight rate. Freight rates may be on a per-ton basis over a certain route (e.g. for iron ore between Brazil and China), in Worldscale points (in case of oil tankers). Alternatively may be expressed in terms of a total sum, normally in US dollars, per day for the agreed duration of the charter. A charterer may also be a party without a cargo that takes a vessel on charter for a specified period from the owner and then trades the ship to carry cargoes at a profit above the hire rate or even makes a profit in a rising market by reletting the ship ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siberian Coal Energy Company
Siberian Coal Energy Company (SUEK) is a coal and energy company based in Russia. SUEK is Russia’s largest coal supplier. The company was founded in 2001, it is headquartered in Moscow. The full official name is Joint-Stock Company Siberian Coal Energy Company (SUEK JSC). The CEO of the company is Alexander Redkin. History SUEK was based on the idea to consolidate disparate coal enterprises throughout Russian regions into an industrial holding in the early 2000s. The assets that formed SUEK were distressed – the production capacity was less than 30 million tons per year, the enterprises employed 70,000 miners yet productivity was low, and virtually none of its output was exported. Amid the collapse of mining businesses and widespread miners strikes due to unpaid wages and poor working conditions, the average equipment depreciation was 90%. During the early years of the business, SUEK’s assets were renovated and debts were repaid. The old mines and worn-out equipment we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Denis Henry (English Judge)
Sir Denis Robert Maurice Henry, PC (19 April 1931 – 6 March 2010) was an English barrister, Queen's Counsel and judge, rising to Lord Justice of Appeal. He presided over the Guinness share-trading fraud trial, a major British business scandal of the 1980s. Education Denis Henry was born 19 April 1931 in Margate, son of a British Indian Army Brigadier in the 5th Maratha Light Infantry. He lived as a child in Quetta and New Delhi, later in Oxford and during World War II in Boston, Massachusetts as an evacuee. He was educated at Shrewsbury School, then performed national service with the King's Own Royal Regiment, and afterwards read law at Balliol College, Oxford. Career His career as a barrister started in 1955 when he was called to the bar, and he was appointed Queen's Counsel in 1977. Derry Irvine was a pupil; Tom Bingham and Charlie Falconer were members of his chambers. He was appointed Recorder in 1979, High Court judge in 1986 and in 1993 was made a Lord Justice of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mary Arden, Lady Arden Of Heswall
Mary Howarth Arden, Baroness Mance, , PC (born 23 January 1947), known professionally as Lady Arden of Heswall, is a former Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. Before that, she was a judge of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales. Early life and education Mary Howarth Arden was born in Liverpool, the daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel Eric Cuthbert Arden, of Heswall, Cheshire, a solicitor who had served with the Royal Garrison Artillery, and Mary Margaret (née Smith). Her grandfather was a partner in Gamon Arden and Co., a Liverpool firm of solicitors. Her father and brother, Roger, joined the family firm which merged with Hill Dickinson in 2007. She was brought up in south Liverpool and educated at Huyton College. She read law at Girton College, Cambridge, where she gained a starred first and an LLM, and an LLM degree at Harvard Law School in 1970 as a Kennedy Scholar. Career She was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1971, and joined Lincoln's Inn in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mark Potter (judge)
Sir Mark Howard Potter, PC FKC (born 27 August 1937) is a retired English judge who was President of the Family Division and Head of Family Justice for England and Wales from 2005 to 2010. Now retired, he remains a Fellow of King's College London. Education A son of Professor Harold Potter, an academic lawyer, Potter attended The Perse School, Cambridge, and then read law at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. He is now an Honorary Fellow of Caius. Legal career Potter was called to the bar in 1961 and practised in commercial law in the chambers of Alan Orr QC then at 2, Crown Office Row, later relocated to become Fountain Court Chambers. He took silk in 1980. From 1988 to 1996 he was a judge of the High Court of Justice, Queen's Bench Division and from 1991 to 1994 he was a Presiding Judge on the Northern Circuit. Potter was appointed a Lord Justice of Appeal in 1996 and became President of the Family Division in April 2005. Throughout his judicial career, Potter sat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legal Case
Legal proceeding is an activity that seeks to invoke the power of a tribunal in order to enforce a law. Although the term may be defined more broadly or more narrowly as circumstances require, it has been noted that " e term ''legal proceedings'' includes proceedings brought by or at the instigation of a public authority, and an appeal against the decision of a court or tribunal". Legal proceedings are generally characterized by an orderly process in which participants or their representatives are able to present evidence in support of their claims, and to argue in favor of particular interpretations of the law, after which a judge, jury, or other trier of fact makes a determination of the factual and legal issues. * Activities needed to have a court deem legal process to have been provided, such as through service of process. * Conduct of a trial, whether a lawsuit or civil trial, or a criminal trial. * Issuance and enforcement of court orders, including those imposing forecl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charter Party
The Charter Committee (also known as the Charter Party) is an independent political organization dedicated to good government in Cincinnati, Ohio. Members of this committee are called Charterites. Committee organizers prefer the term Charter Committee rather than Charter Party. Because of Ohio State laws regarding vote percentage cutoffs for official party recognition, the Charter Committee is not an officially recognized political party in Ohio. History The Charter Committee claims to be "the oldest third party in the nation that has continually elected officials to the office". It was founded in 1924, during a time when Cincinnati government was under the control of the Republican Party. Cincinnati was infamous for being the most corruptly governed major city in the United States, the era of Boss Cox (established by George Cox in the 1880s), controlled then by his protégé Rudolph Hynicka, who spent most of his time in New York in the management of the Columbia Burlesque ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shipping
Freight transport, also referred to as freight forwarding, is the physical process of transporting commodities and merchandise goods and cargo. The term shipping originally referred to transport by sea but in American English, it has been extended to refer to transport by land or air (International English: "carriage") as well. "Logistics", a term borrowed from the military environment, is also used in the same sense. History Prehistoric Era Initial human civilization relied heavily on domesticated animals, such as horses, camels, and donkeys, to transport their goods. The invention of the wheel in Mesopotamia in 5000BC improved this efficiency by allowing for carts and carriages to be created, which animals could pull. Classical Era Romans The Romans built a vast network of roads, which facilitated trade across the numerous cities in its empire. Silk Road Transport along the silk road, a land-based route, was generally done through caravans, equipped ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
