Lawrence Nánabeszter
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Lawrence Nánabeszter
Lawrence from the kindred Nánabeszter (; died after 1308/1311) was a Hungarian clergyman at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries, who served as the provost of the collegiate chapter of Požega at least from 1288 to 1308. Biography Lawrence was born into the Berki branch of the ''gens'' (clan) Nánabeszter, which possessed landholdings around the capitals Esztergom and Buda in Central Hungary. His father was Michael, who served as ''ispán'' of Veszprém County between 1243 and 1244. He had a brother Thomas. The brothers were granted the land of Érd by King Ladislaus IV in June 1278, which was formerly the uninhabited land of the royal armor-bearers. King Andrew III confirmed and transcribed the donation letter in September 1291. Lawrence succeeded Orbász Báncsa as provost of Požega by 1288, when he was first mentioned in this capacity. Orbász last appeared two years before, in 1286. Beside that, Lawrence also functioned as the last chancellor of Queen Dowager Elizab ...
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Požega, Croatia
Požega () is a city in western Slavonia, eastern Croatia, with a total population of 22,364 (census 2021). It is the administrative center of the Požega-Slavonia County. Name Between 1921 and 1991, the town was known as ''Slavonska Požega''. In German language, German, the town is known as ''Poschegg'', in Hungarian language, Hungarian as ''Pozsega'', in Turkish language, Turkish as ''Pojega'', and in Latin language, Latin as ''Incerum'' (-i, n.) and ''Possega''. There is a town in Serbia with same name (see: Požega, Serbia). "Požega" is supposed to be related to the Croatian word "požar", meaning "forest fire". "Incerum" is supposed to come from Proto-Indo-European words *h1eyn (valley) and *kjer (heart), so that it means "the heart of the valley". Geography Požega (elevation: ) is located in the south-western part of the Valley of Požega, or Požega basin, in Croatian: ''Požeška kotlina''. This fertile valley has been important since the antiquity - its Ancient Rome, ...
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Ladislaus IV Of Hungary
Ladislaus IV (, , ; 5 August 1262 – 10 July 1290), also known as Ladislaus the Cuman, was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1272 to 1290. His mother, Elizabeth, was the daughter of a chieftain from the pagan Cumans who had settled in Hungary. At the age of seven, he married Elisabeth (or Isabella), a daughter of King Charles I of Sicily. Ladislaus was only 9 when a rebellious lord, Joachim Gutkeled, kidnapped and imprisoned him. Ladislaus was still a prisoner when his father Stephen V died on 6 August 1272. During his minority, many groupings of barons – primarily the Abas, Csáks, Kőszegis, and Gutkeleds – fought against each other for supreme power. Ladislaus was declared to be of age at an assembly of the prelates, barons, noblemen, and Cumans in 1277. He allied himself with Rudolf I of Germany against Ottokar II of Bohemia. His forces had a preeminent role in Rudolf's victory over Ottokar in the Battle on the Marchfeld on 26 August 1278. However, Ladislaus ...
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13th-century Hungarian People
The 13th century was the century which lasted from January 1, 1201 (represented by the Roman numerals MCCI) through December 31, 1300 (MCCC) in accordance with the Julian calendar. The Mongol Empire was founded by Genghis Khan, which stretched from Eastern Asia to Eastern Europe. The conquests of Hulagu Khan and other Mongol invasions changed the course of the Muslim world, most notably the Siege of Baghdad (1258) and the destruction of the House of Wisdom. Other Muslim powers such as the Mali Empire and Delhi Sultanate conquered large parts of West Africa and the Indian subcontinent, while Buddhism witnessed a decline through the conquest led by Bakhtiyar Khilji. The earliest Islamic states in Southeast Asia formed during this century, most notably Samudera Pasai. The Kingdoms of Sukhothai and Hanthawaddy would emerge and go on to dominate their surrounding territories. Europe entered the apex of the High Middle Ages, characterized by rapid legal, cultural, and religio ...
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Pécs
Pécs ( , ; ; Slovak language, Slovak: ''Päťkostolie''; also known by #Name, alternative names) is List of cities and towns of Hungary#Largest cities in Hungary, the fifth largest city in Hungary, on the slopes of the Mecsek mountains in the country's southwest, close to the border with Croatia. It is the administrative and economic centre of Baranya County, and the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pécs. A city dating back to ancient times, settled by the Celts and the Romans, it was made an episcopal see in early medieval Hungary. It has University of Pécs, the oldest university in the country, and is one of its major cultural centers. Pécs has a rich cultural and architectural heritage stemming from 150 years of Ottoman rule, and it contains the largest number of Turkish Ottoman buildings found in any city in Central Europe. It is historically a multi-ethnic city where many cultures have interacted through 2,000 years of history. In recent times, it has been recognize ...
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Pécs Cathedral
The Sts. Peter and Paul's Cathedral Basilica (), also called Pécs Cathedral, is a religious building of the Catholic church that serves as the cathedral of the Diocese of Pécs, and is located in the city of Pécs, Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and .... The foundations of the cathedral of Pécs are from the Roman period, around the fourth century. It is believed that at the site of the cathedral today an early Christian basilica, which spread westwards between the eighth and ninth centuries. Under the reign of Stephen I, the decision to modify the construction and, presumably, the two western towers date from this period was taken. After a great fire of 1064 was carried out construction of the Romanesque basilica, with the participation of Italian architects. ...
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Lector (liturgy)
Lector is Latin for one who reads, whether aloud or not. In modern languages it takes various forms, as either a development or a loan, such as , , and . It has various specialized uses. Academic The title ''lector'' may be applied to lecturers and readers at some universities. There is also the title ''lector jubilate'', which is an equivalent of Doctor of Divinity. In the teaching of modern languages at universities in the United Kingdom, a native speaker who assists with language skills would be called a lector, and if a female she may be called a lectrice. In Dutch higher education the title ''lector'' is used for the leader of a research group (''lectoraat'') at a university of applied sciences. The title is officially translated to ''professor'' in English. The lector has a comparable set of tasks as (higher ranked) full professors at a (research) university, albeit at an applied rather than a fundamental scientific level. Ecclesiastical A religious reader is sometimes ...
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Stephen V Of Hungary
Stephen V (, , ; before 18 October 1239 – 6 August 1272) was King of Hungary and King of Croatia, Croatia between 1270 and 1272, and Duke of Styria from 1258 to 1260. He was the oldest son of King Béla IV and Maria Laskarina. King Béla had his son coronation of the Hungarian monarch, crowned king at the age of six and appointed him Duke of Slavonia. Still a child, Stephen married Elizabeth the Cuman, Elizabeth, a daughter of a chieftain of the Cumans whom his father settled in the Great Hungarian Plain. King Béla appointed Stephen Duke of Transylvania in 1257 and Duke of Styria in 1258. The local noblemen in Duchy of Styria, Styria, which had been annexed four years before, opposed his rule. Assisted by King Ottokar II of Bohemia, they rebelled and expelled Stephen's troops from most parts of Styria. After Ottokar II routed the united army of Stephen and his father in the Battle of Kressenbrunn on 12 July 1260, Stephen left Styria and returned to Transylvania. Stephen ...
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Elizabeth The Cuman
Elizabeth the Cuman (1244–1290) was the Queen consort of Stephen V of Hungary. She was regent of Hungary during the minority of her son from 1272 to 1277. The Cumans were the western tribes of the Cuman-Kipchak confederation. Her people followed a shamanist religion and were considered pagans by contemporary Christians of Europe. Questions of parentage and family In 1238, Khan Köten, her father according to historians, led the Cumans and a number of other clans in invading the Kingdom of Hungary while fleeing from the advancing hordes of the Mongol Empire. In time, Béla IV of Hungary negotiated an alliance with Köten and his people, granting them asylum in exchange for their conversion to Roman Catholicism and loyalty to the King. The agreement was sealed with the betrothal of Elizabeth to Stephen, eldest son of Béla IV. The agreement seems to have occurred while Stephen was an infant. Elizabeth was unlikely to have been older than her future husband. In 1241, the Mongo ...
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Andrew III Of Hungary
Andrew III the Venetian (, , ; – 14 January 1301) was King of Hungary and King of Croatia, Croatia between 1290 and 1301. His father, Stephen the Posthumous, was the posthumous son of Andrew II of Hungary although Stephen's older half brothers considered him a bastard. Andrew grew up in Venice, and first arrived in Hungary upon the invitation of a rebellious baron, Ivan Kőszegi, in 1278. Kőszegi tried to play Andrew off against Ladislaus IV of Hungary, but the conspiracy collapsed and Andrew returned to Venice. Being the last male member of the House of Árpád, Andrew was elected king after the death of King Ladislaus IV in 1290. He was the first Hungarian monarch to issue a coronation diploma confirming the privileges of the noblemen and the clergy. At least three pretenders—Albert I of Germany, Albert of Austria, Mary of Hungary, Queen of Naples, Mary of Hungary, and an adventurer—challenged his claim to the throne. Andrew expelled the adventurer from Hungary and forc ...
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Érd
Érd (; ; , ) is a town in Pest County, Budapest metropolitan area, Hungary. It is a city with county rights. History The area has been inhabited since ancient times. Archaeological findings indicate that prehistoric humans lived here 50,000 years ago. Érd itself was first mentioned in documents in 1243. The name comes either from the word ('forest') or from ('stream'). During the Ottoman wars in Europe, Ottoman occupation of Hungary, Érd was captured by the Turks in 1543, after the castle of Székesfehérvár fell. The Turks built a motte-and-bailey, motte castle and a mosque here. During this time, the area was called Hamzsabég (Hamzabey). In 1684, the army led by Charles V, Duke of Lorraine defeated the Turks near Érd. In 1776, Érd became an ''oppidum'' (town). It is possible that it already had been an oppidum before the Ottoman occupation. In the early 20th century, Érd became the property of the Károlyi family. The town grew, but remained mainly an agricultural to ...
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Orbász II Báncsa
Orbász (II) from the kindred Báncsa (; died 1288) was a Hungarian clergyman in the 13th century. He was one of the first Hungarians, who obtained a doctorate of Roman law. Family Orbász (or Vrbas) was born into the ''gens'' (clan) Báncsa, an original settler family from Bács County (today Bač, Serbia). He was one of the two sons of ''comes ''Peter (fl. 1253).Engel: ''Genealógia'' (Genus Báncsa) His brother was Thomas, ancestor of the late 14th-century powerful Horvat (or Horváti) family through his only son Paul. His uncle was Stephen I Báncsa, Archbishop of Esztergom, who became the first Hungarian cardinal. Orbász also had several cousins, including Stephen II Báncsa, Archbishop of Kalocsa. Life Under the guidance of his uncle, who was created cardinal by Pope Innocent IV in December 1251, Orbász and his other cousins had the opportunity to begin their ecclesiastical careers in Rome. The cardinal hired a Hungarian tutor, a certain cleric Matthias the Pecheneg () ...
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Thomas Nánabeszter
Thomas from the kindred Nánabeszter (; died around 1323) was a Hungarian nobleman and soldier at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries, who possessed several domains along the river Danube in Central Hungary, surrounding the capital Buda at that time. Being the last member of the Nánabeszter clan, he was also known as Thomas Berki () after his main residence. Family Thomas was born into the ''gens'' (clan) Nánabeszter, which possessed landholdings along the river Danube in Central Hungary, in the surrounding area of royal capitals Esztergom and Buda. His father was Michael, who served as ''ispán'' of Veszprém County between 1243 and 1244. He had a younger brother Lawrence, who entered ecclesiastical career and served as Provost of Požega from around 1288 until his death. Career and landholdings Thomas first appeared in contemporary records following the death of his father sometime between 1268 and 1270. He inherited Michael's landholdings in Berki, Érd, Sóskút and ...
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