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Laukkuryssä
In Finland, "laukkuryssä" ( Finnish for "bag Russian", Swedish: ''påsaryssar'') were travelling salesmen who went around Finland and northern Sweden from the middle 19th century to the early 20th century. Despite the name, "laukkuryssäs" were not ethnically Russian, but instead Karelian peasants.Makkonen, Mikko"Laukkuryssät" antoivat maakunnalle aikoinaan paljon ''Karjalainen'' 25 October 2017. Accessed on 19 November 2018. Their trade was called a "bag trade", after the large leathern backpacks they carried.Alanen, Aulis J.: ''Suomen maakaupan historia'', pp. 177–186. Jyväskylä: Gummerus, 1957. History The bag trade was most prominent in places along the border, but "laukkuryssäs" also went around in other parts of Finland as well as northern Sweden. The Russian part of Karelia was a very poor and underdeveloped area except for the part under the influence of Saint Petersburg. Inhabitants of the northern part of White Karelia sought extra income by fishing on the shor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bag People
Bag people (, ''meshochniks'', or "people with bags") is a term in Russian language, Russian and other Slavic languages that refers to people, who trade for personal use or for profit, recognizable by their large sacks. Some of them were people from the cities travelling to the countryside to buy food for small scale trade or for personal consumption, often exchanging it for material goods from farmers due to collapse of the monetary system. Others were people from the countryside doing the opposite trade. Historically, the ''bag people'' have appeared in response to economic and political collapse that ended organized delivery and distribution of food in the cities. The phenomenon was very widespread during and soon after the Russian Revolution of 1917, Russian Revolution. It also flourished throughout Eastern Europe and Germany after the devastation of World War I. With the devastation of the economy during the Russian Civil War and the period of war communism with its policy o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kiestinki ”laukkuryssä” Peddlers
Kestenga (; ; ) is a rural village in the Loukhsky District of the Republic of Karelia in Russia on the northern shore of Lake Topozero. It is the administrative centre of the ''Kestenga rural settlement''. There is a railway station on the Loukhi- Pyaozersky line. As of the 2013 Census, its population was 1,117. The village was at the center of the Battle of Kestenga in 1941 between the Finnish and Soviet Army during the Continuation War. History One of the oldest settlements in the Loukhsky district. The history of the settlement dates back to the XV—XVI centuries. The first mention dates back to 1547. In 1628, the settlement was mentioned in a decree of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich as the center of the community on Topozera. In the XVII century, a monastery operated on the bank of the Topozer. In December 1708, by decree of Peter I, during the regional reform, the Arkhangelsk governorate was formed. In 1719, the Arkhangelsk province was formed in its composition, divided i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Governor-General Of Finland
The governor-general of Finland was the military commander and the highest administrator of Finland sporadically Finland under Swedish rule, under Swedish rule in the 17th and 18th centuries and continuously in the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland between 1809 and 1917. Swedish realm After the final abolition of the Duchy of Finland and related feudal privileges in the late 16th century, the king of Sweden sporadically granted most or all of Finland under a specially appointed governor-general, who took care of the matters in the eastern part of the country more or less according to his own best judgement. The best-known of these officials is Count Per Brahe the Younger, who served as Governor-General of Finland in the 17th century. His tenure, remembered as a period of reforms and progress in both economy and education, is referred to in Finnish as "kreivin aika" ("the count's era"). Over the centuries, the phrase has taken on a new meaning and is now commonly used to describ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Finnish Words And Phrases
Finnish may refer to: * Something or someone from, or related to Finland * Culture of Finland * Finnish people or Finns, the primary ethnic group in Finland * Finnish language, the national language of the Finnish people * Finnish cuisine See also * Finish (other) * Finland (other) * Suomi (other) Suomi means ''Finland'' in Finnish. Suomi may also refer to: *Finnish language Finnish (endonym: or ) is a Finnic languages, Finnic language of the Uralic languages, Uralic language family, spoken by the majority of the population in Finla ... * {{disambiguation Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Distribution (marketing)
Distribution is the process of making a product or service available for the consumer or business user who needs it, and a distributor is a business involved in the distribution stage of the value chain. Distribution can be done directly by the producer or service provider or by using indirect channels with distributors or intermediaries. Distribution (or place) is one of the four elements of the marketing mix: the other three elements being product, pricing, and promotion. Decisions about distribution need to be taken in line with a company's overall strategic vision and mission. Developing a coherent distribution plan is a central component of strategic planning. At the strategic level, as well as deciding whether to distribute directly or via a distribution network, there are three broad approaches to distribution, namely mass, selective and exclusive distribution. The number and type of intermediaries selected largely depends on the strategic approach. The overall distr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economic History Of Finland
The economy of Finland is a highly industrialised, mixed economy with a per capita output similar to that of western European economies such as France, Germany, and the United Kingdom. The largest sector of Finland's economy is its service sector, which contributes 72.7% to the country's gross domestic product (GDP); followed by manufacturing and refining at 31.4%; and the primary sector at 2.9%. Among OECD nations, Finland has a highly efficient and strong social security system; social expenditure stood at roughly 29% of GDP. Finland's key economic sector is manufacturing. The largest industries are electronics (21.6% - very old data), machinery, vehicles and other engineered metal products (21.1%), forest industry (13.1%), and chemicals (10.9%). Finland has timber and several mineral and freshwater resources. Forestry, paper factories, and the agricultural sector (on which taxpayers spend around 2 billion euro annually) are politically sensitive to rural residents. The Helsi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sales Occupations
Sales are activities related to selling or the number of goods sold in a given targeted time period. The delivery of a service for a cost is also considered a sale. A period during which goods are sold for a reduced price may also be referred to as a "sale". The seller, or the provider of the goods or services, completes a sale in an interaction with a ''buyer'', which may occur at the point of sale or in response to a purchase order from a customer. There is a passing of title (property or ownership) of the item, and the settlement of a price, in which agreement is reached on a price for which transfer of ownership of the item will occur. The ''seller'', not the purchaser, typically executes the sale and it may be completed prior to the obligation of payment. In the case of indirect interaction, a person who sells goods or service on behalf of the owner is known as a salesman or saleswoman or salesperson, but this often refers to someone selling goods in a store/shop, in w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ryssä
''Ryssä'' () is a Finnish term for a Russian person, considered derogatory today.Ryssä ''Kielitoimiston sanakirja''. Institute for domestic languages, Helsinki 2021. The term is also used as a collective term for Russians or Russia,Sadeniemi, Matti; Vesikansa, Jouko ''et al.'': Nykysuomen sanakirja ' volume 2 (L-R), 10th edition, p. 812, entry "ryssä". , WSOY 1988. . and may refer to the Russian language. The neutral ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Finnish Literature Society
The Finnish Literature Society ( or ) was founded in 1831 to promote literature written in Finnish. Among its first publications was the ''Kalevala'', the Finnish national epic A national epic is an epic poem or a literary work of epic scope which seeks to or is believed to capture and express the essence or spirit of a particular nation—not necessarily a nation state, but at least an ethnic or linguistic group wi .... The society is the oldest Finnish publisher still in operation and publishes general non-fiction books including folklore, literature and history. In 2024, the SKS has just over 2,000 members; membership fees range from 20-35 euros per year. The SKS research library is open to the public. See also * Estonian Learned Society * Latvian Literary Society * Lithuanian Literary Society References External links Official website''' Folklore Fellows website ''The folklore activities of the Finnish Literature Society'', article dated July 6, 2009 Fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war. Tanks in World War II, Tanks and Air warfare of World War II, aircraft played major roles, enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, first and only nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II is the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in history, causing World War II casualties, the death of 70 to 85 million people, more than half of whom were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. After the Allied victory, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany, Allied-occupied Austria, Austria, Occupation of Japan, Japan, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalevala, Russia
Kalevala (; ) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Kalevalsky District in the Republic of Karelia, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 4,529. Name The locality was named Ukhta (; ) until 1963, when it was renamed after the Finnish epic '' Kalevala'', which was partially based on the oral poems collected from Ukhta and the surrounding region. The administrative Ukhtinsky District had been renamed Kalevalsky District in 1935 for the centennial of the ''Old Kalevala''. When the Loukhsky, Kestengsky and Kalevalsky Districts were merged into the Kemsky district in 1963, the name ''Kalevala'' was transferred to the locality. The Loukhsky and Kalevalsky Districts were re-established already in 1965, but the locality retained its new official name. Administrative and municipal status Within the framework of administrative divisions, Kalevala serves as the administrative center of Kalevalsky District.Law #871-ZRK A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
