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Larut Wars
The Larut Wars were a series of four wars that began in July 1861 and ended with the signing of the Pangkor Treaty of 1874. The conflicts were fought among local Chinese secret societies over the control of mining areas in Perak which later involved a rivalry between Raja Abdullah and Ngah Ibrahim, making it a war of succession. First war (1861–1862) The First Larut War began in July 1861 when arguments over control of watercourse to their mines escalated and led members of the Hai San Secret Society to drive the members of the Ghee Hin society out of Klian Baharu (now Kamunting). The Governor of the Straits Settlements, Orfeur Cavenagh intervened and the Mentri of Larut, Ngah Ibrahim, was made to compensate the Ghee Hin with $17,447 on behalf of the Sultan of Perak. Second war (1865) The Second Larut War took place in 1865 and was sparked by a gambling quarrel in June between members of the two opposing secret societies. The Hai San members took 14 Ghee Hin as prison ...
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Pangkor Treaty Of 1874
The Pangkor Treaty of 1874 was a treaty signed between Great Britain and the Sultan of Perak on 20 January 1874, on the Colonial Steamer ''Pluto'', off the coast of Perak. The treaty is significant in the history of the Malay states as it legitimised British control of the Malay rulers and paved the way for British imperialism in Malaya. It was the result of a multi-day conference organised by Andrew Clarke, the Governor of the Straits Settlements, to solve two problems: the Larut War, and Sultanship in Perak. Precedence Perak was a major tin producer throughout the 19th century, leading Britain, which had already colonised Penang, Malacca and Singapore, to consider Perak of significant importance. However, local strife, collectively known as the Larut Wars (1861–1874), between the local Malay elites and frequent clashes between Chinese secret societies disrupted the supply of tin from the mines of Perak. In 1871, Sultan Ali of Perak died. However, Raja Abdulla ...
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Abdullah Muhammad Shah II Of Perak
Sultan Abdullah Muhammad Shah II Ibni Almarhum Sultan Jaafar Safiuddin Muadzam Shah Waliullah ( Jawi: ; 21 September 1842 – 22 December 1922) was the 26th Sultan of Perak. He later played a prominent role of adopting the Perak's state anthem, '' Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan'' which was later used as the national anthem of Malaysia. Reign In January 1874, Governor of the Straits Settlements, Andrew Clarke arranged for a settlement between the Perak chiefs and Sultan Abdullah to discuss the local succession dispute and the cession of Pangkor and Dindings to Britain. The agreement would give Abdullah a pension in exchange for renouncing his claim to the throne. Towards the end of the Larut War (1861–1874), the Chinese who took part in the war agreed to keep the peace and accepted a British Resident as an arbiter. From this, Clarke managed to persuade the Menteri, Bendahari and Temenggong of Larut along with the Lower Perak chiefs (who were related to Abdullah) to sign th ...
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Frank Swettenham
Sir Frank Athelstane Swettenham (28 March 1850 – 11 June 1946) was a British colonial administrator who became the first Resident general of the Federated Malay States, which brought the Malay states of Selangor, Perak, Negeri Sembilan and Pahang together under the administration of a Resident-General based in Kuala Lumpur. He served from 1 July 1896 to 4 November 1901. He was also an amateur painter, photographer and antique collector. Early life He was born in Belper, Derbyshire, the son of attorney James Oldham Swettenham, and Charlotte Elizabeth Carr, and was educated at the Dollar Academy in Scotland and St Peter's School, York. He was a descendant of Mathew Swetenham, Henry IV's bow bearer, and the younger brother of the colonial administrator Sir James Alexander Swettenham. Career Swettenham was a British colonial official in British Malaya, who was famous as highly influential in shaping British policy and the structure of British administration in the Malay ...
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Taiping, Perak
Taiping () is a town located in Larut, Matang and Selama District, Perak, Malaysia. It is located approximately northwest of Ipoh, the capital of Perak, and southeast of George Town, Penang, George Town, Penang. With a population of 245,182 (in 2013), it is the second largest town in Perak after Ipoh, the state capital. Taiping took over Kuala Kangsar's role as the state capital from 1876 to 1937, but was then replaced by Ipoh. Its growth slowed after that, but in recent years the town has been developing rapidly again. Perak State Museum is located in the town. Taiping also receives some limelight for being the wettest town in Peninsular Malaysia. Its average annual rainfall of about 4,000 mm has led to fertile flora and Albizia saman, rain trees in the Taiping Lake Gardens. Taiping was ranked in the Top 3 Sustainable Cities in the world. History The area developed quickly in the 19th century when tin was discovered. The mines attracted large numbers of settler ...
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Kapitan Cina
Kapitan Cina, also spelled Kapitan China or Capitan China or Capitan Chino (; ; ; ), was a high-ranking government position in the civil administration of colonial Indonesia, Malaya, Singapore, Borneo and the Philippines. Office holders exercised varying degrees of power and influence: from near-sovereign political and legal jurisdiction over local Chinese communities, to ceremonial precedence for community leaders. Corresponding posts existed for other ethnic groups, such as Kapitan Arab and Kapitan Keling for the local Arab and Indian communities respectively. Pre-colonial origin The origin of the office, under various different native titles, goes back to court positions in the precolonial states of Southeast Asia, such as the Sultanates of Malacca in the Malay Peninsula, the Sultanate of Banten in Java, and the Kingdom of Siam in mainland Southeast Asia. Ooi, Keat Gin. ''Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, From Angkor Wat to East Timor''p. 711/ref> Many rule ...
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Tristam Speedy
Tristram Charles Sawyer Speedy (also known as Captain Speedy; November 1836 – 9 August 1910) was a well-known English explorer and adventurer during the Victorian era. Life Speedy was born in Meerut, India, a son of James Havelock Speedy, an army officer (a lieutenant in the 3rd Regiment of Foot, born in Dublin in 1811, died 1868 Mauku, New Zealand), and his wife Sarah, an army officer's daughter. After being educated in England, Speedy returned to India as an army officer himself. He served in the North-West Frontier Province from 1854 to 1860, receiving the Indian Mutiny, Punjab and Eufoszai medals. While hunting in the Horn of Africa, Speedy was summoned to the court of Emperor Tewodros II of Ethiopia, who bestowed on him the title ''Basha Felika'' ('Sir Speedy' or 'Commander Speedy'). Tewodros employed him to train his army; however, Speedy fell out with the emperor and had to flee the country. He then served as ''locum tenens'' and British vice-consul at the Red Sea p ...
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The Petition Of Chung Keng Quee & 44 Others
''The'' is a grammatical article in English, denoting nouns that are already or about to be mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the most frequently used word in the English language; studies and analyses of texts have found it to account for seven percent of all printed English-language words. It is derived from gendered articles in Old English which combined in Middle English and now has a single form used with nouns of any gender. The word can be used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a noun that starts with any letter. This is different from many other languages, which have different forms of the definite article for different genders or numbers. Pronunciation In most dialects, "the" is pronounced as (with the voiced dental fricative followed by a schwa) when followed by a consonant sound, and as (homophone of the archaic pronoun ''thee' ...
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Robert Hamilton Vetch
Colonel Robert Hamilton Vetch CB (6 January 1841 – 28 January 1916) was a British Army officer and biographer who contributed to the ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' and the ''Dictionary of National Biography''. He served as Deputy Inspector-General of Fortifications and as Chief Engineer in Ireland. Early life Born at Moseley near Birmingham in January 1841,War Office file WO 25/3913"Statement of the Services of Robert Hamilton Vetch of the Royal Engineers, Where Born Mosely Date of Birth 6th January 1841" ancestry.co.uk, accessed 22 June 2022 Vetch was a son of Captain James Vetch (1789–1869), a retired Royal Engineers officer and Fellow of the Royal Society who later became Conservator of Harbours at the Admiralty. At the time, his father was resident engineer of the Birmingham and Gloucester Railway. His mother was Alexandrina Ogilvie, a daughter of Robert Auld of Edinburgh, and he had nine brothers and sisters. Vetch trained for a career in the British Army as a gentleman c ...
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Tan Kim Ching
Tan Kim Ching (; 1829 – 27 February 1892), also known as Tan Kim Cheng, was a Chinese politician and businessman. He was the eldest of the three sons of Tan Tock Seng, the founder and financier of Tan Tock Seng Hospital. He was consul for Japan, Thailand and Russia, and was a member of the Royal Court of Siam. He was one of Singapore's leading Chinese merchants and was one of its richest men in Singapore at that time. He was also the first Asian member of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society.Dhoraisingam, Kamala Devi, and Dhoraisingam S. Samuel. Tan Tock Seng, Pioneer: His Life, Times, Contributions, and Legacy. Kota Kinabalu: Natural History Publications (Borneo), 2003. Print. 79 After his father's death, he became the Kapitan Cina of the Straits Chinese community.Liu, Gretchen. Singapore: A Pictorial History, 1819-2000. United Kingdom: Routledge, 2001. Print. 88, 169, 398 He is believed to have been the head of the Triad in Malaya.Bolton, Kingsley, and Chris ...
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Dinding
The Manjung District, formerly known as Dindings, is a district in the south-western part of the state of Perak, Malaysia. It is the 26th-most populated district in Malaysia. It is administered by the Manjung Municipal Council (), formerly known as Manjung District Council () from 1 January 1980 until 31 July 2001. The district is well known for Pangkor Island, an attraction in Perak and the home of the Royal Malaysian Navy (TLDM), Lumut Naval Base and dockyard. Dindings was once part of the British Straits Settlements colony. Seri Manjung is the district's principal urban centre while smaller towns include Lumut town, Sitiawan town, Ayer Tawar, Pantai Remis, Changkat Keruning and Beruas. History Prior to 1873, the district was called Dindings and was part of the Straits Settlements, then under the administration of Penang. Dindings district became part of the Pangkor Treaty signed by Britain, and the British appointed Sultan of Perak Sultan Abdullah, in January 1874. T ...
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Pangkor
Pangkor Island (; Tamil: பங்கோர் தீவு) is an island in Manjung District, Perak, Malaysia. It has a population of approximately 10,000. Nearby islands include Pangkor Laut Island, Giam Island, Mentagor Island, Simpan Island, and Tukun Terindak Island. The major industries of the island are tourism and fishing. Geography Pangkor Island has a land area of and is from Peninsular Malaysia. The interior of the island is forested and is home to 65 reptile species, 17 amphibian species, and 82 total herpetofaunal species. The locals are mainly Kedahan-speaking Malays and Hokkien and Teochew Chinese, with Kedah Malay, Hokkien, Teochew, Mandarin Chinese and Malaysian Tamil being main languages. History Historically, Pangkor was a refuge for local fishers, merchants and pirates. In the 17th century, the Dutch built a fort to control the Perak tin trade, known as the Dutch Fort. In 1874, it was the location of a historical treaty between the British gove ...
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Andrew Clarke (British Army Officer, Born 1824)
Lieutenant General Sir Andrew Clarke, (27 July 1824 – 29 March 1902) was a British soldier and governor, as well as a surveyor and politician in Australia.Betty Malone, Clarke, Sir Andrew (1824–1902), ''Australian Dictionary of Biography'', Vol.3, MUP, 1969, pp 409–411. Background and education Born in Southsea, Hampshire, Clarke was the eldest of the four sons of Lieutenant-Colonel Andrew Clarke, the governor of Western Australia (1793–1847). Clarke's early years were spent in India with his parents. He was later brought up by his paternal grandfather and two uncles, one of whom was the father of Marcus Clarke, at the family home of Belmont, near Lifford, Ireland. He was educated at The King's School, Canterbury, and at Portora Royal School at Enniskillen, Ireland. At 16 he entered the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, where one of his teachers was Michael Faraday. Career Graduating in 1844, Clarke was commissioned a 2nd Lieutenant in the Royal Engineers and aft ...
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